Investigation of the proteolytic activity of liver trematodes in goats of Khizi-Khachmaz zone of Azerbaijan

The article presents experimental data on the detection of proteolytic activity of liver trematodes in the goats of Khizi-Khachmaz zone of Azerbaijan in different seasons of the year. Determination of the enzymatic activity was carried out spectrophotometrically using a Folin reagent on a Specol 1500 spectrophotometer (Analitik Jena). The maximum peak of intensity of proteolytic activity of trematodes isolated from goat liver was detected. The maximum value of the enzyme activity was reached in March equal to 170 μg of tyrosine per gram of wet weight of the helminth, and the minimum in June reaching 70 μg of tyrosine per gram of wet weight of the helminth

The Importance of Continuing Breastfeeding during Coronavirus Disease-2019: In Support of the World Health Organization Statement on Breastfeeding during the Pandemic.

There are many questions and concerns about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including its implications for breastfeeding. This commentary draws on a statement and recommendations recently issued by the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization with the contribution of the European Pediatric Association-Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations and other main European pediatric organizations.1 Our aim is to provide pediatricians with further guidance on breastfeeding and related safety measures during COVID-19, particularly in instances where a mother has or may have COVID-19

Observational study of pimecrolimus 1% cream for prevention of transcutaneous sensitization in children with atopic dermatitis during their first year of life

IntroductionEpidermal barrier dysfunction in children with atopic dermatitis can cause transcutaneous sensitization to allergens and allergic diseases. We evaluated the effectiveness of an early-intervention algorithm for atopic dermatitis treatment, utilizing pimecrolimus for long-term maintenance therapy, in reducing transcutaneous sensitization in infants.MethodThis was a single-center cohort observational study that enrolled children aged 1-4 months with family history of allergic diseases, moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, and sensitization to ≥ 1 of the investigated allergens. Patients who sought medical attention at atopic dermatitis onset (within 10 days) were group 1 “baseline therapy with topical glucocorticoids with subsequent transition to pimecrolimus as maintenance therapy”; patients who sought medical attention later were group 2 “baseline and maintenance therapy with topical glucocorticoids, without subsequent use of pimecrolimus”. Sensitization class and level of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E were determined at baseline, and 6 and 12 months of age. Atopic dermatitis severity was evaluated using the Eczema Area and Severity Index score at baseline and 6, 9 and 12 months of age.ResultsFifty-six and 52 patients were enrolled in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Compared with group 2, group 1 demonstrated a lower level of sensitization to cow's milk protein, egg white and house dust mite allergen at 6 and 12 months of age, and a more pronounced decrease in atopic dermatitis severity at 6, 9 and 12 months of age. No adverse events occurred.DiscussionThe pimecrolimus-containing algorithm was effective in treating atopic dermatitis and prophylaxis of early forms of allergic diseases in infants.Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04900948, retrospectively registered, 25 May 2021

Вариабельность заболеваемости болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки среди детей 15–17 лет по субъектам Российской Федерации (популяционное исследование)

Background. Taking into account the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of Russia is an important condition for optimizing pediatric dermatological care. According to modern literature, this issue has been underinvestigated.Our aim was to study the nature of the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation.Patients and Methods. State medical statistics for 83 constituents of the Russian Federation for 2009–2015 were used. The risk aggregation method was used in the study. The degree of morbidity variability by region was assessed by the range of variation and coefficient of variation. Subjects were ranked according to the annual incidence rate. To assess the sustainability of the subjects’ belonging to a certain rank place, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used.Results. In 2009, the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years in Russia had significant variability: the range of variation was 8.3 times, the coefficient of variation was 29%. Subjects were ranked by year. In 2010–2015, annual variability indicators remained high. Ranked places of subjects had rank correlation coefficients of 0.53–0.83 as compared to 2009. Groups of subjects with different levels of pediatric dermatological morbidity have been identified.Conclusion. The incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation during 2009-2015 was characterized by significant variability. Subjects had a stable belonging to a certain rank place. The constituents of the Russian Federation have been divided into groups according to the incidence rates for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.Обоснование. Учет вариабельности заболеваемости болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки среди детей старшего подросткового возраста (15–17 лет) по субъектам России является важным условием оптимизации детской дерматологической помощи. По данным современной литературы, этот вопрос изучен недостаточно.Цель исследования — изучить характер вариабельности заболеваемости болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки среди детей в возрасте 15–17 лет по субъектам Российской Федерации.Методы. Использованы государственные медицинские статистические данные по 83 субъектам РФ за 2009–2015 гг. В исследовании применялся метод агрегированного риска. Степень вариабельности заболеваемости по регионам оценивалась по размаху вариации и коэффициенту вариации. По величине ежегодной заболеваемости проведены ранжирования субъектов. Для оценки устойчивости принадлежности субъектов к определенному ранговому месту использован коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена.Результаты. В 2009 г. заболеваемость болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки среди детей в возрасте 15–17 лет в России имела значительную вариабельность: размах вариации — 8,3 раза, коэффициент вариации — 29%. Проведены ранжирования субъектов по годам. В 2010–2015 гг. показатели годичной вариабельности сохранялись высокими. Ранговые места субъектов по сравнению с 2009 г. имели коэффициенты ранговой корреляции 0,53– 0,83. Выделены группы субъектов с разными уровнями детской дерматологической заболеваемости.Заключение. Заболеваемость болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки среди детей в возрасте 15–17 лет по субъектам РФ в течение 2009–2015 гг. характеризовалась значительной вариабельностью. Субъекты имели устойчивую принадлежность к определенному ранговому месту. Проведено деление субъектов РФ на группы по уровням заболеваемости болезнями кожи и подкожной клетчатки

Правовые и этические основы информированного согласия на вакцинацию в России: необходимость изменения подхода

The article analyzes the international experience in the regulation of procedures for obtaining voluntary informed consent to immunization as well as voluntary refusal of it. The authors set up the necessity of changing the approach to certain aspects of the obtaining voluntary consent to vaccination or refusal of it procedure regulation in the Russian Federation.Проанализирован международный опыт в сфере регулирования порядка получения добровольного информированного согласия на профилактические прививки, а также добровольного отказа от них. Установлена необходимость изменения подхода к отдельным аспектам регулирования процедуры получения согласия на вакцинацию или отказа от нее в Российской Федерации

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors