Nonstimulated early visual areas carry information about surrounding context

Even within the early sensory areas, the majority of the input to any given cortical neuron comes from other cortical neurons. To extend our knowledge of the contextual information that is transmitted by such lateral and feedback connections, we investigated how visually nonstimulated regions in primary visual cortex (V1) and visual area V2 are influenced by the surrounding context. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and pattern-classification methods to show that the cortical representation of a nonstimulated quarter-field carries information that can discriminate the surrounding visual context. We show further that the activity patterns in these regions are significantly related to those observed with feed-forward stimulation and that these effects are driven primarily by V1. These results thus demonstrate that visual context strongly influences early visual areas even in the absence of differential feed-forward thalamic stimulation

Portfolio Vol. III N 1

Metcalf, Caroline. Master of the World. Prose. 3-5. Phillips, Alison. Eulogies. Poetry. 6. Chadeayne, Robert O. Oak Street. Picture. 6. Bethune, Don. Denisonism. Prose. 7-8. Maxwell, Bob. My Star. Prose. 9-11. V_______, S_______. Poet Philosopher. Poetry. 12. Ewart, Alison. Pious Fraud. Prose. 13-15. Beckham, Adela. Reflections. Poetry. 16. Velicka, Edward. Portrait. Picture. 16. Deane, Dorothy. Review of New Books. Prose. 17. Smith, Bob. Review of New Recordings. Prose. 17. Franke, Ruth. Original Designs. Picture. 18. Black, Jim. Drama. Prose. 19-20. Nadel, Norman S. Initial Plunge. Prose. 23-24

Portfolio Vol. I N 1

Beckham, Adela. Crooner . Poem. 6. Chatten, Janet. Adventure in the Rain . Prose. 3. Beckham, Adela. Magnolia Bloom . Poem. 6. Beckham, Adela. Jon . Poem. 6. Vincent, Charles. Mobilization . Prose. 6. Taylor, Barbara. Shanghai Diary . Prose. 7. Dick, Pewilla. Wind in the Bay . Poem. 10. Hopkins, Kate. Incident . Prose. 11. Sivertsen, Warren. A Glass Yarn . Prose. 13. Sweitzer, Harry. Playing Around . Prose. 15. Sweitzer, Harry. Book Parade . Prose. 15. Schille, Alice. Guatemala . Picture. 16. Schille, Alice. Portrait . Picture. 16. Deane, Dorothy. The Eagle and the Mole . Prose. 17. Dick, Pewilla. Mid-Westerners . Poem. 18. Nadel, Norman. Ancient Instruments Form Library Exhibit . Prose 20. Nadel, Norman. Messiah 32nd . Prose. 20. Wilson, Gordon. No given name. Picture. 20. Hunt, Margery. Marsha Hunt: Denison Sister in Hollywood . Prose. 21. Stewart, John . Hot Jazz . Prose. 19

Portfolio Vol. I N 2

Wiley, Thomas R. In the Cathedral, Mexico City . Picture. 2. Whitehead, Richard Jr. Izzy was a Lady, After All . Prose. 3. Beckham, Adela. Rain on a March morning . Poem. 6. Beckham, Adela. Heaven . Poem. 6. Deane, Dorothy. Temptation . Poem. 6. Kellogg, Elizabeth. Gruess Dich Gott . Prose. 7. Nadel, Norman. The Duchess . Poem. 8. Dick, Pewilla. The Sligo Fisherman . Prose. 9. Deane, Dorothy. Against the Winter . Poem 12. Flory, Doris Jean. A problem . Poem 12. Travis, Paul Bough. My First View of the Congo Forest . Picture. 13. Bellows, George. Stag at Sharkey\u27s . Picture. 13. B.C.W. Aspiration . Poem. 14. Stewart, John. On Record . Prose 14. Sweitzer, Harry J. Playing Around . Prose. 15. Ellsberg, Edward. Book Parade: Hell on Ice . Prose. 15. B.C.W. End of Winter . Poem. 16. Wiley, Thomas R. End of Winter . Picture. 16. Deeter, Robert. Television, How, Where, and When . Prose. 17. Brush, Jane. Love A La Mode . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Radio! . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Backward Glance . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Homo Paradoxus . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. The Sardonic Slant . Poem. 20. Brush, Jane. Baths . Prose. 20. Wilson, Gordon. Brushword . Cartoon. 20

Portfolio Vol. I N 3

Sweitzer, Harry J. Portfolio Goes to Press . Prose. 1. Browne, Phil. William Howard Doane Library . Picture. 2. Overhuls, James. Out of Himself . Prose. 3. MacNeill, Annie Marie. To President and Mrs. Shaw . Poem. 6. Baker, George. Saint in a Silo . Prose 7. Beckham, Adela. In Moods . Poem. 8. Vincent, Charles. Incident of August 7, 1930. Prose. 9. Flory, Doris. Opinions . Poem. 10. Flory, Doris. Thoughts in Spring . Poem. 10. Flory, Doris. Breakfast Scene . Poem. 10. Shaw, Robert B. A Date for the Dances . Prose. 11. Cronberger, Barbara. And the Years Go On . Prose. 13. Hanna, Stanley. Reola, Reola . Poem. 14. Hanna, Stanley. The Dance of the Kobolds . Poem. 14. Nadel, Norman. I died Last Night . Prose. 15. Bethune, Don S. Adolescence . Poem 16. Vodev, Eugene. The Black Day of Bulgaria . Prose. 17. Dick, Pewilla. To a White Violet . Poem. 18. Dick, Pewilla. As With Your Shadow . Poem. 18. Dwelly, Thorndike. Of Mice and Men . Prose. 19. Clements, Helen. Our Town . Prose. 19. Schlle, Alice. Marion is an Old Costume . Picture. 20. Chadeayne, Robert. Factory . Picture. 20. Nadel, Norman. Dmitri Shostakovitch . Prose. 21. Stewart, John. Duke Ellington\u27s Records . Prose. 21. Beck, Virginia. The Dance as an Art . Prose. 22. Dick, Pewilla. Death . Poem. 23. Flory, Doris. On Reforms . Poem. 24. Beckham, Adela. The Lie . Poem. 24. Bethune, Don. Futility . Poem. 24

Representations of recent and remote autobiographical memories in hippocampal subfields.

The hippocampus has long been implicated in supporting autobiographical memories, but little is known about how they are instantiated in hippocampal subfields. Using high resolution functional MRI combined with multi-voxel pattern analysis we found it was possible to detect representations of specific autobiographical memories in individual hippocampal subfields. Moreover, while subfields in the anterior hippocampus contained information about both recent (two weeks old) and remote (ten years old) autobiographical memories, posterior CA3 and DG only contained information about the remote memories. Thus, the hippocampal subfields are differentially involved in the representation of recent and remote autobiographical memories during vivid recall. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Re-engaging with the past: recapitulation of encoding operations during episodic retrieval

Recollection of events is accompanied by selective reactivation of cortical regions which responded to specific sensory and cognitive dimensions of the original events. This reactivation is thought to reflect the reinstatement of stored memory representations and therefore to reflect memory content, but it may also reveal processes which support both encoding and retrieval. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether regions selectively engaged in encoding face and scene context with studied words are also re-engaged when the context is later retrieved. As predicted, encoding face and scene context with visually presented words elicited activity in distinct, context-selective regions. Retrieval of face and scene context also re-engaged some of the regions which had shown successful encoding effects. However, this recapitulation of encoding activity did not show the same context selectivity observed at encoding. Successful retrieval of both face and scene context re-engaged regions which had been associated with encoding of the other type of context, as well as those associated with encoding the same type of context. This recapitulation may reflect retrieval attempts which are not context-selective, but use shared retrieval cues to re-engage encoding operations in service of recollection

Books & the Arts piece on Will Barnet, A Timeless World, an exhibition catal

Books & the Arts piece on Will Barnet, A Timeless World, an exhibition catalogue written and organized by Gail Stavitsky, a summer resident of Maine and chief curator of the Montclair (N.J.) Art Museum, and published by The Montclair Art Museum, Rutgers University Press

Lateral entorhinal cortex is necessary for associative but not nonassociative recognition memory

This work was supported by BBSRC [Grant number BB/I019367/1]The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) provides one of the two major input pathways to the hippocampus and has been suggested to process the nonspatial contextual details of episodic memory. Combined with spatial information from the medial entorhinal cortex it is hypothesised that this contextual information is used to form an integrated spatially selective, context-specific response in the hippocampus that underlies episodic memory. Recently, we reported that the LEC is required for recognition of objects that have been experienced in a specific context (Wilson et al. (2013) Hippocampus 23:352-366). Here, we sought to extend this work to assess the role of the LEC in recognition of all associative combinations of objects, places and contexts within an episode. Unlike controls, rats with excitotoxic lesions of the LEC showed no evidence of recognizing familiar combinations of object in place, place in context, or object in place and context. However, LEC lesioned rats showed normal recognition of objects and places independently from each other (nonassociative recognition). Together with our previous findings, these data suggest that the LEC is critical for associative recognition memory and may bind together information relating to objects, places, and contexts needed for episodic memory formation.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe