Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Measures of frailty in population-based studies: An overview

Although research productivity in the field of frailty has risen exponentially in recent years, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the measurement of this syndrome. This overview offers three services: first, we provide a comprehensive catalogue of current frailty measures; second, we evaluate their reliability and validity; third, we report on their popularity of use

Evaluating knowledge types in design science research : an integrated framework

International audienceAs the design science research (DSR) paradigm has evolved, several frameworks and taxonomies have been proposed to aid researchers in understanding and applying DSR principles and practices to evaluate the knowledge produced. This paper attempts to integrate two such efforts, the evaluation methods taxonomy and the genres of inquiry framework, in an attempt to derive a more complete evaluation standard. The integration is based on various knowledge types, using mapping and merging techniques. Doing so results in three artifacts. The first is the integrated framework which refines the genres of inquiry framework with six recognized knowledge types (definitional, descriptive, prescriptive, explanatory, predictive, and explanatory and predictive). Evaluation criteria for each knowledge type emerge from the integration. The second contribution is a guidance scheme that helps in determining relevant evaluation criteria, based upon the type of DSR contribution and the role of the evaluator (DSR researcher, author, reader, or reviewer). Finally, the approach to the integration, including the integration algorithm, is adaptable to other contexts where criteria to evaluate different knowledge types need to be integrated