Entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje (EVEA): formación profesional

Las TIC en los procesos formativos, han creado cambios de organización, interacción entre los sujetos y de manera especial, en el modo que se aprende y se construye el conocimiento. En este trabajo se aproxima una estrategia del proceso de formación profesional en entornos virtuales. Proceso formativo como un asunto social intencional y espacio de construcción de significados y sentidos entre los sujetos, que se desarrolla a través de las relaciones de colaboración y cooperación. Virtual environments for teaching learning (VETL): vocational training Abstract ICT in learning processes, have created changes in organizational, interaction between subjects and especially, in the way we learn and build knowledge. This paper approaches the process of strategy training in virtual environments. Training process as a matter of social intention and meaning of construction space some between subjects, that is developed through collaboration and cooperation in relationships

Teaching strategies for text comprehension of basic education students

The study aimed at establishing the incidence of teaching strategies on the reading comprehension of basic education students. Hence, an applied methodology of quasi-experimental design was developed, with the application of the Solomon model of four intact groups. Innovative teaching strategies were tested and their results were gathered in instruments such as assessment tests that were validated by communication experts, and were also analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis), which proved that the use of these strategies improved significantly the expected learning outcome in text comprehension

miRNA Expression Profile Analysis in Kidney of Different Porcine Breeds

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators in eukaryotes that target mRNAs repressing their expression. The uncertain process of pig domestication, with different origin focuses, and the selection process that commercial breeds suffered, have generated a wide spectrum of breeds with clear genetic and phenotypic variability. The aim of this work was to define the miRNAs expression profile in kidney of several porcine breeds. Small RNA libraries from kidney were elaborated and high-throughput sequenced with the 454 Genome Sequencer FLX (Roche). Pigs used were classified into three groups: the European origin group (Iberian breed and European Wild Boar ancestor), European commercial breeds (Landrace, Large White and Piétrain breeds) and breeds with Asian origin (Meishan and Vietnamese breeds). A total of 229 miRNAs were described in the pig kidney miRNA profile, including 110 miRNAs out of the 257 previously described pig miRNAs and 119 orthologous miRNAs. The most expressed miRNAs in pig kidney microRNAome were Hsa-miR-200b-3p, Ssc-miR-125b and Ssc-miR-23b. Moreover, 5 novel porcine miRNAs and 3 orthologous miRNAs could be validated through RT-qPCR. miRNA sequence variation was determined in 116 miRNAs, evidencing the presence of isomiRs. 125 miRNAs were differentially expressed between breed groups. The identification of breed-specific miRNAs, which could be potentially associated to certain phenotypes, is becoming a new tool for the study of the genetic variability underlying complex traits and furthermore, it adds a new layer of complexity to the interesting process of pig evolution

Utilización de cirugía refractiva corneal en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo

A study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the impact of corneal refractive surgery with the use of the LASIK and LASEK surgical technique at the Ophthalmology Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto "from Guantánamo in the period July 2011 to June 2012. The universe of study consists of the total number of patients who attended refractive surgery consultation and who were operated during the period. The variables were studied: age group, sex, occupation, visual acuity without correction, and visual acuity with correction, classification of refractive errors according to refraction, surgical technique used, complications, post-surgical evolution and patient's opinion on discharge. Predominance the female sex, between the ages 20 to 29 years. The predominant category was professionals. The predominant refractive errors: the compound myopic astigmatism, the most used surgical technique was LASIK.Se realiza un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la cirugía refractiva corneal con la utilización de la técnica quirúrgica de LASIK y LASEK en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de Guantánamo, en el periodo julio de 2011 a junio de 2012. El universo de estudio está constituido por el total de pacientes que asistieron a consulta de cirugía refractiva y que fueron operados durante el periodo. Las variables estudiadas son: grupo de edades, sexo, ocupación, agudeza visual sin corrección, agudeza visual con corrección, clasificación de la ametropía según refracción, técnica quirúrgica utilizada, complicaciones, evolución postquirúrgica y opinión del paciente al alta. Predominio el sexo femenino, entre las edades 20 a 29 años. La categoría predominante fue la de los profesionales. La ametropía predominante: el astigmatismo miópico compuesto, la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada fue el LASIK.

Predicting short-term survival after gross total or near total resection in glioblastomas by machine learning-based radiomic analysis of preoperative MRI

Producción CientíficaRadiomics, in combination with artificial intelligence, has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of predictive models in neuro-oncology. Our study aims to find an answer to a clinically relevant question: is there a radiomic profile that can identify glioblastoma (GBM) patients with short-term survival after complete tumor resection? A retrospective study of GBM patients who underwent surgery was conducted in two institutions between January 2019 and January 2020, along with cases from public databases. Cases with gross total or near total tumor resection were included. Preoperative structural multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) sequences were pre-processed, and a total of 15,720 radiomic features were extracted. After feature reduction, machine learning-based classifiers were used to predict early mortality (<6 months). Additionally, a survival analysis was performed using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm. A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study. In the classification task, the naive Bayes classifier obtained the best results in the test data set, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 and classification accuracy of 80%. The RSF model allowed the stratification of patients into low- and high-risk groups. In the test data set, this model obtained values of C-Index = 0.61, IBS = 0.123 and integrated AUC at six months of 0.761. In this study, we developed a reliable predictive model of short-term survival in GBM by applying open-source and user-friendly computational means. These new tools will assist clinicians in adapting our therapeutic approach considering individual patient characteristics

Educación antitabáquica en escolares en grupos de riesgos y los índices para su evaluación

Smoking is one of the scourges suffered by contemporary society, and children are not exempt from this risk, a fact that becomes a starting point for conducting this research based on the criteria of health education and particularly, in the smoking education. The objective of the research seeks to analyze the knowledge and behaviors obtained by a selected group of fourth-grade schoolchildren in risk groups before smoking, allowing the changes to be measured using the weighted indices for their evaluation. Different methods and instruments of empirical level were applied such as document analysis, observation, analysis of the products of the activity, the pedagogical test in the initial and final stage, where the sources of information were organized and systematized according to the object study. The analysis and discussion of the results in the initial and final stage was expressed through the control and quantitative evaluation of the variables in order withthe purpose of guaranteeing the validity of the results, in addition the qualitative criteria achieved on smoking control were analyzed.El tabaquismo constituye uno de los flagelos que padece la sociedad contemporánea y los niños no se encuentran exentos ante este riesgo, hecho que se convierte en punto de partida para realizar esta investigación basada en los criterios de educación para la salud y particularmente, en la educación antitabáquica. El objetivo de la investigación busca analizar los conocimientos y los comportamientos obtenidos por un grupo seleccionado de escolares de cuarto grado en grupos de riesgo ante el tabaquismo permitiendo medir los cambios mediante los índices ponderados para su evaluación. Se aplicaron diferentes métodos e instrumentos de nivel empírico como el análisis de documentos, la observación, el análisis de los productos de la actividad, la prueba pedagógica en la etapa inicial y final, donde se organizaron y sistematizaron las fuentes de información en función del objeto de estudio. El análisis y discusión de los resultados en la etapa inicial y final se expresó a través del control y evaluación cuantitativa de las variables en orden con el propósito de garantizar la validez de los resultados, además se analizaron los criterios cualitativos logrados sobre la educación antitabáquica

Educación antitabáquica en escolares en grupos de riesgos y los índices para su evaluación

El tabaquismo constituye uno de los flagelos que padece la sociedad contemporánea y los niños no se encuentran exentos ante este riesgo, hecho que se convierte en punto de partida para realizar esta investigación basada en los criterios de educación para la salud y particularmente, en la educación antitabáquica. El objetivo de la investigación busca analizar los conocimientos y los comportamientos obtenidos por un grupo seleccionado de escolares de cuarto grado en grupos de riesgo ante el tabaquismo permitiendo medir los cambios mediante los índices ponderados para su evaluación. Se aplicaron diferentes métodos e instrumentos de nivel empírico como el análisis de documentos, la observación, el análisis de los productos de la actividad, la prueba pedagógica en la etapa inicial y final, donde se organizaron y sistematizaron las fuentes de información en función del objeto de estudio. El análisis y discusión de los resultados en la etapa inicial y final se expresó a través del control y evaluación cuantitativa de las variables en orden con el propósito de garantizar la validez de los resultados, además se analizaron los criterios cualitativos logrados sobre la educación antitabáquica

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

• Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. • Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark. • Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. • The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs)