785 research outputs found
Flame propagation in random media
We introduce a phase-field model to describe the dynamics of a
self-sustaining propagating combustion front within a medium of randomly
distributed reactants. Numerical simulations of this model show that a flame
front exists for reactant concentration , while its vanishing at
is consistent with mean-field percolation theory. For , we find
that the interface associated with the diffuse combustion zone exhibits kinetic
roughening characteristic of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation.Comment: 4, LR541
Competition Among Companies: Coexistence and Extinction
We study a spatially homogeneous model of a market where several agents or
companies compete for a wealth resource. In analogy with ecological systems the
simplest case of such models shows a kind of "competitive exclusion" principle.
However, the inclusion of terms corresponding for instance to "company
efficiency" or to (ecological) "intracompetition" shows that, if the associated
parameter overcome certain threshold values, the meaning of "strong" and "weak"
companies should be redefined. Also, by adequately adjusting such a parameter,
a company can induce the "extinction" of one or more of its competitors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures include
Ecological model of extinctions
We present numerical results based on a simplified ecological system in
evolution, showing features of extinction similar to that claimed for the
biosystem on Earth. In the model each species consists of a population in
interaction with the others, that reproduces and evolves in time. Each species
is simultaneously a predator and a prey in a food chain. Mutations that change
the interactions are supposed to occur randomly at a low rate. Extinctions of
populations result naturally from the predator-prey dynamics. The model is not
pinned in a fitness variable, and natural selection arises from the dynamics.Comment: 16 pages (LaTeX type, RevTeX style), including 6 figures in gif
format. To be published in Phys. Rev. E (prob. Dic. 96
Computer simulations of history of life: speciation, emergence of complex species from simpler organisms, and extinctions
We propose a generic model of eco-systems, with a {\it hierarchical} food web
structure. In our computer simulations we let the eco-system evolve
continuously for so long that that we can monitor extinctions as well as
speciations over geological time scales. {\it Speciation} leads not only to
horizontal diversification of species at any given trophic level but also to
vertical bio-diversity that accounts for the emergence of complex species from
simpler forms of life. We find that five or six trophic levels appear as the
eco-system evolves for sufficiently long time, starting initially from just one
single level. Moreover, the time intervals between the successive collections
of ecological data is so short that we could also study ``micro''-evolution of
the eco-system, i.e., the birth, ageing and death of individual organisms.Comment: 7 pages, including 4 EPS figures, REVTE
Risk of Population Extinction from Periodic and Abrupt Changes of Environment
A simulation model of a population having internal (genetic) structure is
presented. The population is subject to selection pressure coming from the
environment which is the same in the whole system but changes in time.
Reproduction has a sexual character with recombination and mutation. Two cases
are considered - oscillatory changes of the environment and abrupt ones
(catastrophes). We show how the survival chance of a population depends on
maximum allowed size of the population, the length of the genotypes
characterising individuals, selection pressure and the characteristics of the
climate changes, either their period of oscillations or the scale of the abrupt
shift.Comment: 8 pages, 25 references, 10 figures; preliminary version to be
submitted to Physica
Unified "micro"- and "macro-" evolution of eco-systems: Self-organization of a dynamic network
Very recently we have developed a dynamic network model for eco-systems that
achieved ``unification'' of ``micro'' and ``macro''-evolution. We now propose
an extension of our model so as to stabilize the eco-system and describe {\it
speciation} in a more realistic manner.Comment: 7 pages with 3 figures; for Max Born Symposium, Poland, Sept. 200
DLCQ of Fivebranes, Large N Screening, and L^2 Harmonic Forms on Calabi Manifolds
We find one explicit L^2 harmonic form for every Calabi manifold. Calabi
manifolds are known to arise in low energy dynamics of solitons in Yang-Mills
theories, and the L^2 harmonic form corresponds to the supersymmetric ground
state. As the normalizable ground state of a single U(N) instanton, it is
related to the bound state of a single D0 to multiple coincident D4's in the
non-commutative setting, or equivalently a unit Kaluza-Klein mode in DLCQ of
fivebrane worldvolume theory. As the ground state of nonabelian massless
monopoles realized around a monopole-``anti''-monopole pair, it shows how the
long range force between the pair is screened in a manner reminiscent of large
N behavior of quark-anti-quark potential found in AdS/CFT correspondence.Comment: LaTeX, 23 page
The efficiency of individual optimization in the conditions of competitive growth
The paper aims to discuss statistical properties of the multi-agent based
model of competitive growth. Each of the agents is described by growth (or
decay) rule of its virtual "mass" with the rate affected by the interaction
with other agents. The interaction depends on the strategy vector and mutual
distance between agents and both are subjected to the agent's individual
optimization process. Steady-state simulations yield phase diagrams with the
high and low competition phases (HCP and LCP, respectively) separated by
critical point. Particular focus has been made on the indicators of the
power-law behavior of the mass distributions with respect to the critical
regime. In this regime the study has revealed remarkable anomaly in the
optimization efficiency
Scaling, Propagation, and Kinetic Roughening of Flame Fronts in Random Media
We introduce a model of two coupled reaction-diffusion equations to describe
the dynamics and propagation of flame fronts in random media. The model
incorporates heat diffusion, its dissipation, and its production through
coupling to the background reactant density. We first show analytically and
numerically that there is a finite critical value of the background density,
below which the front associated with the temperature field stops propagating.
The critical exponents associated with this transition are shown to be
consistent with mean field theory of percolation. Second, we study the kinetic
roughening associated with a moving planar flame front above the critical
density. By numerically calculating the time dependent width and equal time
height correlation function of the front, we demonstrate that the roughening
process belongs to the universality class of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface
equation. Finally, we show how this interface equation can be analytically
derived from our model in the limit of almost uniform background density.Comment: Standard LaTeX, no figures, 29 pages; (to appear in J. Stat. Phys.
vol.81, 1995). Complete file available at
http://www.physics.helsinki.fi/tft/tft.html or anonymous ftp at
ftp://rock.helsinki.fi/pub/preprints/tft
Why are probabilistic laws governing quantum mechanics and neurobiology?
We address the question: Why are dynamical laws governing in quantum
mechanics and in neuroscience of probabilistic nature instead of being
deterministic? We discuss some ideas showing that the probabilistic option
offers advantages over the deterministic one.Comment: 40 pages, 8 fig
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