Experimental study of the interaction of one local anesthetic with a cellulose type support

The extent of the adsorption of a local anesthetic (Bupivacaine) on a pharmaceutical adsorbent, namely microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) suspended in aqueous solution was investigated spectrophotometrically at three different temperatures. The equilibrium adsorption contact times were determined for all the temperatures and were found around 90 minutes. Adsorption isotherms have been analyzed by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The obtained results indicated that the Freundlich isotherms presented the highest correlation coefficients, and thus they describe better the adsorption of the studied drug on MCC

Does an aromatic chloride substitute position influence the aggregation properties of direct dyes?

Dyes ions have a tendency to self-associate in aqueous solutions. The main factors influencing aggregation are dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, and temperature. In the present work, the influence of the chloride position in the dye structure on the dye aggregation was investigated. The molecular aggregation has been studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous solutions as a function of dye concentration (10'6 -s- 10"3 mol/L). As the concentration increases, different changes were observed in the dyes UV-vis spectra indicating that the molecules are beginning to aggregate. The shapes of the obtained spectra were totally different as the position of the chloride was changed in the dye molecule

Efficient removal of methylene blue from colored wastewater using magnetite/carbon nanocomposite

In this work, a new nanocomposite based on activated carbon and magnetite (PM) was synthesized and characterized by the most indicated and modern methods. The obtained magnetite/carbon nanocomposite was tested as adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from colored wastewater. In ortder to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out. The high adsorption capacity of the synthesized nanocomposite was highlighted by regeneration and reuse studies in consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles

Colour expression in the Cielab colour scale of new stilbene dyes

Using the well known CIELAB colour space parameters: lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*) and hue angle (h°) relative to the standard illuminants D65 (natural day light), A (tungsten light), and the standard 10° observer, the colour expression of two new symmetrical direct disazo-stilbene dyes was performed. The colour differences AEab* and AECMC were calculated against one standard, indicating a high colouring power of the both disazo-stilbene dyes. The studied dyes were synthesized using 4,4'- diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid as middle eco-friendly component and 2-methyl-Nacetoacetanilide and 5-acetoacetylaminobenzimidazolone as coupling components respectively

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London