From local social mindfulness to global sustainability efforts?

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reply to Nielsen et al. social mindfulness is associated with countries’ environmental performance and individual environmental concern

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe

Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits

L’humour comme vecteur d'humanisation de la relation manipulateur/patient

International audienceLa démarche humaniste d’introduire l’humour dans la relation de soin s’inscrit dans le courant des nouvelles orientations stratégiques d’amélioration de la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients. Figure incontournable de la technicité en santé, le manipulateur en électroradiologie (M.E.R.) questionne l’importance donnée à l’humour dans son quotidien.Objectifs. Recueillir l’opinion des soignants et étudiants M.E.R. sur l’humanisation de la technicité du métier par l’humour et le rire.1052 participants dont 641 soignants M.E.R. (toutes modalités confondues) et 411 étudiants de toute la France. Deux temps de recherche : 1) Phase quantitative auprès des soignants et étudiants ; 2) Phase qualitative auprès des soignants.Les étudiants évoquent les bienfaits de l’humour auprès du patient : relation de confiance (F=9.23, pSi les fonctions positives prédominent, les soignants mettent en avant l’aspect contextuel de l’humour et son risque à porter atteinte au patient. La perspective d’une formation continue ou initiale à l’humour apporterait des bénéfices aussi bien dans la vie professionnelle que personnelle

Quality of life in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: evolution during follow-up and vulnerability factors

International audienceObjective In women with breast cancer, many disease-related psychosocial factors directly affect quality of life (QoL) during and after treatment. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the psychosocial factors affecting QoL and its dimensions, to study their evolution over time, and to determine the factors associated with this evolution.Methods Thirty women with non-metastatic breast cancer were asked to complete a number of questionnaires evaluating QoL and its dimensions, symptoms of anxiety and depression, body image, social support, and coping strategies immediately after their diagnosis of breast cancer (T1), at the end of treatment (T2), and 6 months after the end of treatment (T3).Results Level of education, mastectomy, and hormonotherapy all had an impact on QoL. QoL and its dimensions changed over time. Coping strategies, social support, body image, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were predictive factors for QoL.Conclusion The identification of these predictive factors should help medical teams to identify the patients who are most vulnerable and susceptible to poor QoL. In women with breast cancer, it is essential to identify and treat any changes in patients' need for support in an appropriate manner, both during the course of therapy and particularly during remission

L’expérience vécue et les valeurs en acte des accompagnants pour la conception d’un service de transport par navettes destinées à être autonome

As part of an industrial project to design autonomous (driverless) shuttles, our research analyses the experiences and values of the supervisors, so as to identify their contribution to the acceptance of the shuttles and related services and to be able to continue to design this transport service. It would seem that the system under investigation is currently not autonomous to the degree that had been expected, with a human supervisor operating on-board during every trip. In 2015 and 2016, studies were carried out at four sites where shuttles were being tested. The following were performed : systematic analyses of critical situations dealt with by the supervisors, composite interviews (semi-structured, based on elicitation interviews) with 19 supervisors. Results show that supervisors mobilize seven values in their activity. We have identified 14 critical situations involving arbitration, in which these values appear to be contradictory. The responses of the supervisors, in situation, show that the prioritization of these values depends on various situated arbitrations. We then discuss how these responses contribute towards the acceptance of the transport system, notably by making its performance more reliable, maximizing its usefulness and developing a service relationship with the passengers. These results thus lead us to question the status of the human being in autonomous technology and related services, design and acceptance processes

Social representations and interface layout: A new way of enhancing persuasive technology applied to organ donation

Although campaigns promoting organ donation have proved their effectiveness, increasing the number of people who explicitly agree to become donors is still difficult. Based on the social marketing notion of persuasive technology, we reasoned that it was timely to focus on the design of this persuasive technology and to analyze its contribution in particularly challenging contexts such as organ donation. More specifically, the originality of the present study lay in the way we linked the field of persuasive technology to the theory of social representations, and combined them with an analysis of the ergonomic aspects of interface layout. This study had two complementary goals. The first was to determine whether the sociocognitive salience of the central elements of social representations (i.e., the most frequent and important themes related to the subject—here, organ donation—for individuals), can be used to achieve persuasive outcomes. The second was to determine whether interface layout, in terms of information location and background characteristics (color and contrast), can strengthen the persuasive impact. University students (N > 200) were exposed to a computer screen displaying a message involving either central or peripheral elements of the social representations of organ donation (status), placed either in the middle or on one side of the screen (location), and shown against either a white or a blue background (background). Eye-tracking data were recorded, in addition to self-reported data. In line with the elaboration likelihood model, results showed that participants who were exposed to central (vs. peripheral) elements of the social representations of organ donation followed the central route in processing information. Moreover, they had stronger attitudes, and more of them stated that they were actual organ donors. Importantly, however, at least for some variables, these status-related effects were not independent of the interface layout. More specifically, the persuasive impact of the central elements was enhanced when the information was displayed in the middle (vs. the side) of the screen and when it was displayed on a white (vs. blue) background. We discuss the theoretical and practical issues raised by these results

Comparison of driving avoidance and self-regulatory patterns in younger and older drivers.

This study sought to ascertain whether both the avoidance of difficult driving situations and self-regulation (i.e., avoidance matched to one's cognitive abilities) are typical of older drivers. Older and younger drivers (mean ages 71 and 30 years, respectively) self-rated their avoidance of ten specific driving situations (e.g., driving at night, in fog). Both groups also self-evaluated their physical and mental health, while we administered general (Mini-Mental State Examination) and specific (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) cognitive assessments. The older drivers reported greater avoidance of all ten situations than the younger drivers did, although the effect size remained small. There were also more correlations between self-reported driving avoidance and both health-related perceptions and objective indicators of cognitive function among older drivers, suggesting that self-regulation is a strategy that is typical of this group. Results also showed that, with the exception of the cognitive function indicators, the factors under investigation (i.e., age, driving experience, health-related perceptions) underpinned the self-regulatory patterns in different ways, depending on the drivers' age group. Hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanisms, further factors of interest (including relevant neuropsychological tests), and alternative ways of measuring self-regulation are put forward

Mettre en scène l’activité : les nouvelles figures de la simulation

Ce numéro V15-1 de la revue Activités comprend quatre textes, un dossier sur la simulation faisant suite à la journée d'étude de juin 2017 et un résumé de thèse. Nous profitons de l’Éditorial pour annoncer la prochaine journée d'étude de la revue dont le thème sera «IA, robotique, automatisation : quelles évolutions pour l’activité humaine ? Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture