84 research outputs found
Logopedbehov og -tilgang, i lys av logopedrelaterte vansker : en kvantitativ undersøkelse vedrørende parkinsonisme
Masteroppgave i logopedi - Nord universitet, 201
De danske AuxiliĂŚrtroppers Tab af faldne Officerer i Slaget ved HĂśchstedt den 13. August 1704
High Y-chromosomal differentiation among ethnic groups of Dir and Swat districts, Pakistan
The ethnic groups that inhabit the mountainous Dir and Swat districts of northern Pakistan are marked by high levels of cultural and phenotypic diversity. To obtain knowledge of the extent of genetic diversity in this region, we investigated Yâchromosomal diversity in five population samples representing the three main ethnic groups residing within these districts, including Gujars, Pashtuns and Kohistanis. A total of 27 Yâchromosomal short tandem repeats (YâSTRs) and 331 Yâchromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (YâSNPs) were investigated. In the YâSTRs, we observed very high and significant levels of genetic differentiation in nine of the 10 pairwise betweenâgroup comparisons (RST 0.179â0.746), and the differences were mirrored in the YâSNP haplogroup frequency distribution. No genetic differences were found between the two Pashtun subethnic groups Tarklanis and Yusafzais (RST = 0.000). Utmankhels, also considered Pashtuns culturally, were not closely related to any of the other population samples (RST 0.451â0.746). Thus, our findings provide examples of both associations and dissociations between cultural and genetic legacies. When analyzed within a larger continentalâscale context, these five ethnic groups fall mostly outside the previously characterized Yâchromosomal gene pools of the IndoâPakistani subcontinent. Male founder effects, coupled with culturally and topographically based constraints upon marriage and movement, are likely responsible for the high degree of genetic structure in this region
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