A Systematic Review of PET Textural Analysis and Radiomics in Cancer

Background: Although many works have supported the utility of PET radiomics, several authors have raised concerns over the robustness and replicability of the results. This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the topic of PET radiomics and the used methodologies. Methods: PubMed was searched up to 15 October 2020. Original research articles based on human data specifying at least one tumor type and PET image were included, excluding those that apply only first-order statistics and those including fewer than 20 patients. Each publication, cancer type, objective and several methodological parameters (number of patients and features, validation approach, among other things) were extracted. Results: A total of 290 studies were included. Lung (28%) and head and neck (24%) were the most studied cancers. The most common objective was prognosis/treatment response (46%), followed by diagnosis/staging (21%), tumor characterization (18%) and technical evaluations (15%). The average number of patients included was 114 (median = 71; range 20–1419), and the average number of high-order features calculated per study was 31 (median = 26, range 1–286). Conclusions: PET radiomics is a promising field, but the number of patients in most publications is insufficient, and very few papers perform in-depth validations. The role of standardization initiatives will be crucial in the upcoming yearsThis research was partially funded by DTS17/00138 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and ED431F 2017/04 project (GAIN-Xunta de Galicia)S

Oleogeles, una alternativa saludable a las grasas sólidas tradicionales

Los oleogeles se presentan como una alternativa saludable para el reemplazo de las grasas sólidas industriales, ricas en ácidos grasos saturados y trans, empleadas de forma tradicional en la formulación de los alimentos. es. Existen distintas estrategias de oleogelificación para desarrollar oleogeles estables con un perfil lipídico de alta calidad nutricional y capaces de mimetizar las propiedades texturales y organolépticas de las grasas sólidas tradicionales, y las características del oleogel diseñado dependerán del alimento al que se quiera incorporar.Quiles Chuliá, MD.; Larrea Santos, V.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Morell Esteve, P. (2022). Oleogeles, una alternativa saludable a las grasas sólidas tradicionales. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/181711DE

Alimentos funcionales: Fitoquímicos

En el presente artículo docente se presentan algunos de los compuestos bioactivos fitoquímicos mas importantes de los alimentos. Se describen sus características y propiedades.Larrea Santos, V.; Quiles Chuliá, MD.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Morell Esteve, P. (2024). Alimentos funcionales: Fitoquímicos. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/20522

Evaluation of Lu-177-Dotatate treatment in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and prognostic factors

BACKGROUND: (177)Lu peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a recently approved therapy in Spain that has been demonstrated to be a well-tolerated therapy for positive somatostatin receptor advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. AIM: To determine the impact of PRRT on quality of life, radiologic and metabolic response, overall survival, prognostic factors and toxicity. METHODS: Thirty-six patients treated with (177)Lu-PRRT from 2016 to 2019 were included. The most frequent location of the primary tumor was the gastrointestinal tract (52.8%), pancreas (27.8%), and nongastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (11.1%). The liver was the most common site of metastasis (91.7%), followed by distant nodes (50.0%), bone (27.8%), peritoneum (25.0%) and lung (11.1%). Toxicity was evaluated after the administration of each dose. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by two parameters: stable disease and disease progression in response evaluation criteria in solid tumors 1.1 criterion and prognostic factors were tested. RESULTS: From 36 patients, 55.6% were men, with a median age of 61.1 +/- 11.8 years. Regarding previous treatments, 55.6% of patients underwent surgery of the primary tumor, 100% of patients were treated with long-acting somatostatin analogues, 66.7% of patients were treated with everolimus, 27.8% of patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and 27.8% of patients were treated with interferon. One patient received radioembolization, three patients received chemoembolization, six patients received chemotherapy. Hematological toxicity was registered in 14 patients (G1-G2: 55.5% and G3: 3.1%). Other events presented were intestinal suboclusion in 4 cases, cholestasis in 2 cases and carcinoid crisis in 1 case. The median follow-up time was 3 years. Currently, 24 patients completed treatment. Nineteen are alive with stable disease, two have disease progression, eight have died, and nine are still receiving treatment. The median overall survival was 12.5 mo (95% confidence interval range: 9.8-15.2), being inversely proportional to toxicity in previous treatments (P < 0.02), tumor grade (P < 0.01) and the presence of bone lesions (P = 0.009) and directly proportional with matching lesion findings between Octreoscan and computed tomography pre-PRRT (P < 0.01), , primary tumor surgery (P = 0.03) and metastasis surgery (P = 0.045). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, a high Ki67 index (P = 0.003), a mismatch in the lesion findings between Octreoscan and computed tomography pre-PRRT (P < 0.01) and a preceding toxicity in previous treatments (P < 0.05) were risk factors to overall survival. CONCLUSION: Overall survival was inversely proportional to previous toxicity, tumor grade and the presence of bone metastasis and directly proportional to matching lesion findings between Octreoscan and computed tomography pre-PRRT and primary tumor and metastasis surgery

Selenium uptake by edible plants from enriched peat.

As a constituent of selenoproteins, selenium (Se) is considered an essential element for human health.The main way that Se enters the body is via the consumption of vegetables, whose concentration of thiselement depends on soil Se content. We grew cabbage, lettuce, chard and parsley, in peat enriched in Seby means of the additive Selcote Ultra®and Na2SeO3and Na2SeO4. Total Se in plants was determinedby acidic digestion and Se speciation by an enzymatic extraction. Both were measured by ICP/MS. Theconcentration ranges were between 0.1 mg Se kg−1and 30 mg Se kg−1for plants grown in Selcote Ultra®media, and between 0.4 mg Se kg−1and 1606 mg Se kg−1for those grown in peat enriched with Se sodiumsalts. We found Se (IV), Se (VI) and SeMet in all the extracts. Peat fortified with Selcote Ultra®gave slightlyhigher Se concentration than natural content values. For plants grown with selenium sodium salts, Secontent increases with the Se added and part of the inorganic Se was converted mainly to SeMet. A highSe fortification can damage or inhibit plant growth. Cabbage showed the greatest tolerance to Se

Trends in hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999–2015). TREND-AR study

Purpose T o analyse trends in hip fracture (HF) rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over an extended time period (17 years). Methods T his observational retrospective survey was performed by reviewing data from the National Surveillance System for Hospital Data, which includes more than 98% of Spanish hospitals. All hospitalisations of patients with RA and HF that were reported from 1999 to 2015 were analysed. Codes were selected using the Ninth International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification: ICD-9-CM: RA 714.0 to 714.9 and HF 820.0 to 820.3. The crude and age-adjusted incidence rate of HF was calculated by age and sex strata over the last 17 years. General lineal models were used to analyse trends. Results Between 1999 and 2015, 6656 HFs occurred in patients with RA of all ages (84.25% women, mean age 77.5 and 15.75% men, mean age 76.37). The ageadjusted osteoporotic HF rate was 221.85/100 000 RA persons/ year (women 227.97; men 179.06). The HF incidence rate increased yearly by 3.1% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.0) during the 1999–2015 period (p<0.001) and was more pronounced in men (3.5% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.9)) than in women (3.1% (95% CI 2.3 to 4.1)). The female to male ratio decreased from 1.54 in 1999 to 1.14 in 2015. The average length of hospital stays (ALHS) decreased (p<0.001) from 16.76 days (SD 15.3) in 1999 to 10.78 days (SD 7.72) in 2015. Age at the time of hospitalisation increased (p<0.001) from 75.3 years (SD 9.33) in 1999 to 79.92 years (SD 9.47) in 2015. There was a total of 326 (4.9%) deaths during admission, 247 (4.4%) in women and 79 (7.5%) in men (p<0.001). Conclusion I n Spain, despite the advances that have taken place in controlling disease activity and in treating osteoporosis, the incidence rate of HF increased in both male and female patients with RA.This work has a help for the research provided by the Society of Rheumatology of the Community of Madrid (SORCOM)

Cortistatin reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE-deficient mice and the formation of foam cells

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease that is responsible of high mortality worldwide. Evidence indicates that maladaptive autoimmune responses in the arterial wall play critical roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide expressed in the vascular system and atherosclerotic plaques that regulates vascular calcification and neointimal formation, and inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of cortistatin in two well-established preclinical models of atherosclerosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Systemic treatment with cortistatin reduced the number and size of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery, heart, aortic arch and aorta in acute and chronic atherosclerosis induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-lipid diet. This effect was exerted at multiple levels. Cortistatin reduced Th1/Th17-driven inflammatory responses and increased regulatory T cells in atherosclerotic arteries and lymphoid organs. Moreover, cortistatin reduced the capacity of endothelial cells to bind and recruit immune cells to the plaque and impaired the formation of foam cells by enhancing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate for the treatment of the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis

Enfermedad Mínima Residual (EMR) en Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda pediátrica (LLA). Estudio multicéntrico

En las últimas 4 décadas se profundizó el conocimiento en la cinética de la respuesta temprana al tratamiento en pacientes con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA) para predecir riesgo de recaída1. Sin embargo, 20% de los pacientes que inicialmente responden al tratamiento y morfológicamente no presentan blastos en médula ósea, recidivan durante el tratamiento o luego de la finalizar el mismo.Fil: Soria, Rose Mari. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez; Argentina.Fil: Agriello, Evangelina. Laboratorio de Especialidades Bioquímicas; Argentina.Fil: Agriello, Evangelina. Hospital Interzonal General Dr. José Penna; Argentina.Fil: Agriello, Evangelina. Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda; Argentina.Fil: Gutierrez, María. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez; Argentina.Fil: Gil, Gimena. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez; Argentina.Fil: Iommi, María Paula. Laboratorio de Especialidades Bioquímicas; Argentina.Fil: Torreguitart, Federico Andrés. Laboratorio de Especialidades Bioquímicas; Argentina.Fil: Caferri, Horacio. Hospital Interzonal General Dr. José Penna; Argentina.Fil: Cédola, Alejandra. Sanatorio San Lucas; Argentina.Fil: Majek, Elena. Hospital de Niños Dr. Héctor Quintana; Argentina.Fil: Hiramatsu, Elizabeth. Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús; Argentina.Fil: Morell, Daniela. Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús; Argentina.Fil: Rizzi, María Laura. Sanatorio Allende; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez Cuimbra, Silvia. Hospital Pediátrico Juan Pablo II; Argentina.Fil: Gomel De Baraja, María E. Hospital Pediátrico Juan Pablo II; Argentina.Fil: Cabral Castella, Antonia C. Hospital Pediátrico Juan Pablo II; Argentina.Fil: Pistaccio, Luis. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Especializado en Pediatría Sor María Ludovica; Argentina.Fil: Schuttemberg, Virginia. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Especializado en Pediatría Sor María Ludovica; Argentina.Fil: Riccieri, Cecilia.Fil: Solari, Liliana. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; Argentina.Fil: Solari, Liliana. Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda; Argentina.Fil: Riccieri, Cecilia. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; Argentina.Fil: Gaillard, María I. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez; Argentina.Fil: Gaillard, María I. Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda; Argentina.Fil: Ferraro, C. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez; Argentina.Fil: Hernández, M. Clínica Dr. Matera; Argentina.Fil: Drosovsky, C. Sanatorio San Lucas; Argentina.Hematologí

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Massive Wolf Kill Disrupts Long-Running Yellowstone Park Study

Hunters are killing gray wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains in numbers not seen since the animals were driven to near extinction in the continental United States in the 20th century. The killing of more than 500 wolves in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming in recent months—including nearly 20% of the wolves that sometimes range outside of Yellowstone National Park—threatens to undermine a decades-old effort to restore the predators to the landscape and disrupt a long-term Yellowstone research project that has produced influential findings on how wolves help shape ecosystems. Researchers and conservation groups are calling on government officials to rethink the hunts, which have eliminated about 16% of the wolves living in the three states