Two Different Populations within the Healthy Elderly: Lack of Conflict Detection in Those at Risk of Cognitive Decline

During healthy aging, inhibitory processing is affected at the sensorial, perceptual, and cognitive levels. The assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) during the Stroop task has been used to study age-related decline in the efficiency of inhibitory processes. Studies using ERPs have found that the P300 amplitude increases and the N500 amplitude is attenuated in healthy elderly adults compared to those in young adults. On the other hand, it has been reported that theta excess in resting EEG with eyes closed is a good predictor of cognitive decline during aging 7 years later, while a normal EEG increases the probability of not developing cognitive decline. The behavioral and ERP responses during a Counting-Stroop task were compared between 22 healthy elderly subjects with normal EEG (Normal-EEG group) and 22 healthy elderly subjects with an excess of EEG theta activity (Theta-EEG group). Behaviorally, the Normal-EEG group showed a higher behavioral interference effect than the Theta-EEG group. ERP patterns were different between the groups, and two facts are highlighted: (a) the P300 amplitude was higher in the Theta-EEG group, with both groups showing a P300 effect in almost all electrodes, and (b) the Theta-EEG group did not show an N500 effect. These results suggest that the diminishment in inhibitory control observed in the Theta-EEG group may be compensated by different processes in earlier stages, which would allow them to perform the task with similar efficiency to that of participants with a normal EEG. This study is the first to show that healthy elderly subjects with an excess of theta EEG activity not only are at risk of developing cognitive decline but already have a cognitive impairment

Two Different Populations within the Healthy Elderly: Lack of Conflict Detection in Those at Risk of Cognitive Decline

During healthy aging, inhibitory processing is affected at the sensorial, perceptual, and cognitive levels. The assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) during the Stroop task has been used to study age-related decline in the efficiency of inhibitory processes. Studies using ERPs have found that the P300 amplitude increases and the N500 amplitude is attenuated in healthy elderly adults compared to those in young adults. On the other hand, it has been reported that theta excess in resting EEG with eyes closed is a good predictor of cognitive decline during aging 7 years later, while a normal EEG increases the probability of not developing cognitive decline. The behavioral and ERP responses during a Counting-Stroop task were compared between 22 healthy elderly subjects with normal EEG (Normal-EEG group) and 22 healthy elderly subjects with an excess of EEG theta activity (Theta-EEG group). Behaviorally, the Normal-EEG group showed a higher behavioral interference effect than the Theta-EEG group. ERP patterns were different between the groups, and two facts are highlighted: (a) the P300 amplitude was higher in the Theta-EEG group, with both groups showing a P300 effect in almost all electrodes, and (b) the Theta-EEG group did not show an N500 effect. These results suggest that the diminishment in inhibitory control observed in the Theta-EEG group may be compensated by different processes in earlier stages, which would allow them to perform the task with similar efficiency to that of participants with a normal EEG. This study is the first to show that healthy elderly subjects with an excess of theta EEG activity not only are at risk of developing cognitive decline but already have a cognitive impairment

Two Different Populations within the Healthy Elderly: Lack of Conflict Detection in Those at Risk of Cognitive Decline

During healthy aging, inhibitory processing is affected at the sensorial, perceptual, and cognitive levels. The assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) during the Stroop task has been used to study age-related decline in the efficiency of inhibitory processes. Studies using ERPs have found that the P300 amplitude increases and the N500 amplitude is attenuated in healthy elderly adults compared to those in young adults. On the other hand, it has been reported that theta excess in resting EEG with eyes closed is a good predictor of cognitive decline during aging 7 years later, while a normal EEG increases the probability of not developing cognitive decline. The behavioral and ERP responses during a Counting-Stroop task were compared between 22 healthy elderly subjects with normal EEG (Normal-EEG group) and 22 healthy elderly subjects with an excess of EEG theta activity (Theta-EEG group). Behaviorally, the Normal-EEG group showed a higher behavioral interference effect than the Theta-EEG group. ERP patterns were different between the groups, and two facts are highlighted: (a) the P300 amplitude was higher in the Theta-EEG group, with both groups showing a P300 effect in almost all electrodes, and (b) the Theta-EEG group did not show an N500 effect. These results suggest that the diminishment in inhibitory control observed in the Theta-EEG group may be compensated by different processes in earlier stages, which would allow them to perform the task with similar efficiency to that of participants with a normal EEG. This study is the first to show that healthy elderly subjects with an excess of theta EEG activity not only are at risk of developing cognitive decline but already have a cognitive impairment

Relationship of Nanomaterials’ Structure Based on Their Application in the Food Industry: Physicochemical and Techno-Functional Characteristics

Food science is constantly undergoing innovation, which is why the trend toward developing nanomaterials and their use in food matrices is increasing, mainly due to the physicochemical properties nanomaterials exhibit at the nanometric scale. Therefore, it is convenient to contextualize how these nanomaterials are obtained, classified, and characterized, including interactions that occur at the biomolecule–nanostructure interface, attributed to their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. This review discusses how nanotechnology is linked naturally to food, including macro-, micro-, and nanostructures, and how the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials influence the food industry by substantially improving the antimicrobial effects, the bioavailability of compounds, and the development of packaging. Finally, the scope of nanotechnology is broad and includes the study of new materials and existing nanostructures in foods, as well as their effects on health. Thus, the physicochemical properties at the micro- and nano-level are essential for the development of and knowledge apportion in scientific nanofood research

Estudios antropológicos e históricos. Num. 39 (2007) Vol. 14 enero-abril. Cuicuilco Revista de la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia

- Presentación, por Patricia Fournier - Miscelánea: - Los mayos de Sinaloa: esbozo etnográfico y regional, por Hugo Eduardo López Aceves - Pesquerías y pescadores artesanales de camarón en el Cordón Estuárico, La Joya, La Barra y Buenavista, Chiapas. Territorio, organización y tecnología, por Carlos A. Gellida Esquinca y Reyna M. C. Moguel Viveros - Notas y reflexiones etnográficas en torno a la fauna y su relación con la región celeste del cosmos rarámuri, por Eduardo Rubén Saucedo Sánchez de Tagle - Percepción del ecosistema por la comunidad de San Crisanto en Yucatán de acuerdo con su actividad, por Gloria Chávez Ballado - La representación popular del maguey y el pulque en las artes, por Rodolfo Ramírez Rodríguez - “La calumnia es un arma, la mentira una fe”. Revolución y Cristiada: la batalla escrita del espíritu público, por Ana María Serna - Estructura del evento, tres sistemas de representación, por Martha Islas - Arqueología y educación. Estado de la cuestión, por Nantzín I. García Macías - Reseñas: - La población maya costera de Chac Mool: Análisis biocultural y dinámica demográfica en el Clásico Terminal y Posclásico, por Enrique Nalda - Perspectivas de la investigación arqueológica II. Homenaje a Gustavo Vargas Martínez, por Ernesto González Licón

Suplemento 33. Seminario de estudios sobre Guerrero: ensayos y apuntes II. Homenaje a Roberto Cervantes. 77 (2005) junio. Diario de Campo. Boletín Interno de los investigadores del área de Antropología

- Introducción Gloria Artís por Miguel Ángel Rubio y Mette Marie Wacher. - Carta a un amigo fraterno por Agripina García Díaz y Silvia Ortiz Echániz. - Y se terminaron las ambiciones por Francisco Becerra Dubernard y Rosalía Castellanos González. - La noche del tecuani por Francoise Neff. - La migración indígena en el alto balsas por Kim Sánchez. - De temalac a waukegan: flujos culturales en una comunidad indígena transnacional por Lilián González Chévez. - Y no pasa nada. Apuntes para la biografía cultural de una especie de selva baja caducifolia en Guerrero: Bursera Linanoe por Paul Hersch. - El proyecto hidroeléctrico San Juan Tetelcingo, Guerrero ¿cancelado o suspendido? por Eustaquio celestino. - Los petrograbados de Acapulco, estado de Guerrero por Rubén Manzanilla López. - Rasgos culturales de la tierra caliente de Michoacán por María Antonieta Moguel Cos y Salvador Pulido Méndez. - La fiesta de los muertos por Jaime García Leyva. - Programa del seminario permanente de estudios sobre Guerrero. - Antropólogos, historiadores y restauradores que en los últimos años han realizado estudios en Guerrero y áreas colindantes

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3–7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3,4,5,6,7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease