Parasitismo en niños de los círculos infantiles pertenecientes al área de salud del policlínico "Manuel Fajardo Rivero"

Fundamento: la parasitosis presenta altas tasas de incidencia en la población infantil mundial, condicionados por malos hábitos higiénicos sanitarios y otros factores de riesgo asociados, situación que también se manifiesta en nuestro país. Objetivo: caracterizar a niños con parasitismo que asisten a los círculos infantiles pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario “Manuel Fajardo Rivero”, de Las Tunas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en niños que asisten a cuatro círculos infantiles de la referida área de salud, en el período comprendido del 6 de septiembre al 5 de noviembre de 2021. De un universo de 706 infantes se trabajó con una muestra de 81, de entre 2 y 6 años de edad, con análisis positivos en muestras de heces fecales. Se evaluaron las variables: años de vida, sexo, factores de riesgo asociados, especie parasitaria, síntomas clínicos y tratamiento médico. Resultados: predominaron los infantes del sexto año de vida (29,6 %), siendo el sexo masculino (64,2 %) el más afectado. El consumo de agua no tratada o sin hervir (44,5 %) fue el factor de riesgo asociado que más estuvo presente. El Blastocystis hominis (42,0 %) se identificó como especie parasitaria más frecuente; el cólico abdominal (48,1 %) como síntoma clínico y el secnidazol (80,2 %) como el medicamento más indicado. Conclusiones: se caracterizaron a los niños con parasitismo de los cuatro círculos infantiles pertenecientes al área de salud del policlínico “Manuel Fajardo Rivero”

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Incidencia de parasitismo en pacientes de zona rural del policlínico "Manuel Fajardo Rivero"

Fundamento: en Cuba, a pesar de los esfuerzos que realiza el ministerio de salud en aras de prevenir la trasmisión de enfermedades parasitarias, se reporta la prevalencia de parasitismo en diferentes provincias.Objetivo: caracterizar variables clínicas y epidemiológicas que pueden incidir en la frecuencia de parasitismo en pacientes de la zona rural del Policlínico Docente “Manuel  Fajardo Rivero”, en el municipio de Las Tunas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, en pacientes de consultorios médicos de la familia en la zona rural de la referida institución de salud, en el período comprendido del 1 de septiembre de 2014 al 31 de agosto de 2015. Se midieron las variables clínicas y epidemiológicas: edad, sexo, frecuencia por estaciones del año, tipos de especies parasitarias, factores de riesgos, manifestaciones clínicas y tratamiento médico del paciente parasitado. Se analizaron en el laboratorio las muestras de heces fecales mediante los métodos: directo, concentrado y Sumasohb.Resultados: predominó el grupo de edades de 10 a 18 años (35,7 %); el sexo masculino; el parasitismo tuvo su mayor incidencia en la primavera y el factor de riesgo asociado que más favoreció a la parasitosis fue la ingestión de agua de pozo no tratada; la especie Entamoeba histolytica se identificó como la de mayor ocurrencia (40 %). La diarrea fue uno de los principales síntomas registrados en historias clínicas. El medicamento de elección más utilizado fue el Secnidazol, 90,9 % del total.Conclusiones: se identificó la especie parasitaria Entamoeba histolytica en la mayoría de los pacientes, los cuales presentaron manifestaciones clínicas sintomáticas. La mala calidad sanitaria del agua se consideró como el factor de riesgo asociado fundamental.</p

Characterization of patients with parasitism belonging to the health district of the "Manuel Fajardo Rivero” Polyclinic

Background: rates of parasitism are currently reported in different areas of the country. An investigation with supposedly healthy patients of a health district of the municipality of Las Tunas detected the incidence of parasitism.Objective: to characterize clinical and epidemiological variables in patients with parasitism treated at the clinical laboratory of the “Manuel Fajardo Rivero" University Polyclinic of the municipality of Las Tunas, from January to December 2018.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the aforementioned patients who were treated at the institution and during the period herein declared. The following variables were assessed: age group, three-month-period frequency, risk factors, parasitic species, clinical symptoms and medical treatment. The data were analyzed according to descriptive statistics.Results: the male sex prevailed (61,5 %). There was a higher frequency in the 6 to 19 age group (35,7 %), the April to June period (40,8 %), the intake of non-boiled potable water (45 %) and the parasitic species Blastocystis hominis (25,2 %). The clinical symptoms that were present in all the cases were diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain. The medical treatment mostly ordered was secnidazole.Conclusions: the patients with parasitism were characterized, with a prevalence of the male sex, the intake of non-boiled potable water and a higher incidence in the trimester of year.</p

Estudio de las fracciones lipídicas de colesterol y triglicéridos en pacientes de dos consultorios médicos de la familia

La segunda causa de muerte en la provincia de Las Tunas son las enfermedades del corazón, estas se asocian a múltiples factores de riesgo, como, por ejemplo, los niveles elevados de colesterol y triglicéridos. La alta frecuencia de valores patológicos de colesterol y triglicéridos en pacientes de los Consultorios Médicos de la Familia (CMF) 19-01 y 20-01 en el Policlínico Docente “Manuel Fajardo Rivero” motivó a la realización de este trabajo, que tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de las fracciones lipídicas de colesterol y triglicéridos en pacientes de estos CMF, durante el período comprendido entre enero y junio de 2014. Las variables analizadas fueron: rango de valores de colesterol y triglicéridos, edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales, diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento médico. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 20 años de ambos consultorios, los diabéticos, hipertensos, cardiópatas; se excluyeron de la investigación las gestantes, enfermos hospitalizados o con ingreso domiciliario. Se obtuvo como resultado que casi la mitad de los pacientes presentó valores elevados en las fracciones lipídicas de colesterol y triglicéridos, las edades más afectadas fueron los adultos de 41 a 60 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. En la revisión de historias clínicas se tabularon como principales antecedentes patológicos personales que más de la mitad de los pacientes con alteraciones lipídicas son fumadores y un cuarto de ellos consumen alcohol. En el diagnóstico clínico y tratamiento médico registrado en la historia clínica de los pacientes afectados se constató que dos tercios de ellos son hipertensos y utilizan el captopril, enalapril y atenolol y casi un tercio son diabéticos, que se medican con los hipoglucemiantes, insulina y glibenclamid

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data