Water management and livelihood choices in southwestern Bangladesh

Coastal Bangladesh faces an increasing number of challenges including cyclones, tidal surges, floods, drought, saline water intrusion, waterlogging and land subsidence, which pose substantial threats to the livelihoods of the coastal inhabitants. In addition to these threats, profound social and land-use changes are complicating the livelihoods of resource users in the region, including the introduction of aquaculture and increasing competition for ground and surface water sources. The government of Bangladesh has targeted this region for investment with irrigation expansion. This paper uses a sustainable livelihood lens to understand the role of investments in water management and irrigation in driving and shaping livelihood changes and transitions over the past ten years and offers recommendations for investments. We find that while water infrastructure development has greatly enhanced the role of agriculture in coastal livelihoods over the last 10 years, further development of irrigation infrastructure should only be prioritized after issues of water governance and inequity across agricultural and aquacultural livelihoods are addressed

Current and Future Disease Burden From Ambient Ozone Exposure in India

Long‐term ambient ozone (O₃) exposure is a risk factor for human health. We estimate the source‐specific disease burden associated with long‐term O₃ exposure in India at high spatial resolution using updated risk functions from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II. We estimate 374,000 (95UI: 140,000–554,000) annual premature mortalities using the updated risk function in India in 2015, 200% larger than estimates using the earlier American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II risk function. We find that land transport emissions dominate the source contribution to this disease burden (35%), followed by emissions from power generation (23%). With no change in emissions by 2050, we estimate 1,126,000 (95UI: 421,000–1,667,000) annual premature mortalities, an increase of 200% relative to 2015 due to population aging and growth increasing the number of people susceptible to air pollution. We find that the International Energy Agency New Policy Scenario provides small changes (+1%) to this increasing disease burden from the demographic transition. Under the International Energy Agency Clean Air Scenario we estimate 791,000 (95UI: 202,000–1,336,000) annual premature mortalities in 2050, avoiding 335,000 annual premature mortalities (45% of the increase) compared to the scenario of no emission change. Our study highlights that critical public health benefits are possible with stringent emission reductions, despite population growth and aging increasing the attributable disease burden from O₃ exposure even under such strong emission reductions. The disease burden attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure dominates that from ambient O₃ exposure in the present day, while in the future, they may be similar in magnitude

Climate change effects on people’s livelihood

Generally climate is defined as the long-term average weather conditions of a particular place, region, or the world. Key climate variables include surface conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) broadly defined climate change as any change in the state of climate which persists for extended periods, usually for decades or longer (Allwood et al. 2014). Climate change may occur due to nature’s both internal and external processes. External process involves anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, and volcanic eruptions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) made a distinction between climate change attributable to human contribution to atmospheric composition and natural climate variability. In its Article 1, the UNFCCC defines climate change as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” (United Nations 1992, p. 7)

Guidelines for Human-Leopard Conflict Management

After careful consideration of the inputs received from a variety of stakeholders, the following framework guidelines are suggested for managing the humanleopard conflict situations in areas where leopards coexist among high densities of humans. URL:[http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/guidelines-human-leopard-conflict-management.pdf].conflict, management, human, leopard, stakeholders, landscapes, people, farmers, livestock, forests, India

Draft of The Animal Welfare Act, 2011

Comments can be sent to [email protected] by March 20, 2011.animal, welfare, performaing, exhibit, train, rules, bill, human being, creature, domestic, possession, india, custody

Climate Change and India: A 4*4 Assessment: A Sectoral and Regional Analysis for 2030s

The report provides an assessment of impact of climate change in 2030s on four key sectors in four climate sensitive regions of India.environment, economy, forests, climae change, India, himalayan region, water resources,

Report to the People on Environment and Forests: 2009-2010

The present report aims to generate greater awareness and environmental consciousness amongst our citizens. The objective of the report, therefore, is to generate a national debate among various stakeholders on the key environmental issues and challenges that must be addressed to ensure a rapid and sustained economic growth. [URL: http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Report%20to%20the%20People.pdf]environemental citizens, issues, economic growth, national debate, air, water, environment, wildlife, water resources, rivers, water bodies, mangroves, India, forests, climate change

India's Drylands and Emerging Challenges

In order to tackle the issues of desertification, land degradation and droughts, 22 major programmes are being implemented in the country, including, the “Mission for Green Indiaâ€, one of the Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, which will address dry land forests, in addition to other ecosystems. This report not only encompasses the Government of India's initiatives but also Civil Society's contribution in addressing the issues of desertification, land degradation and drought. This report will enable us to understand the key issues as also the measures undertaken to address the same; and will be useful for policy makers, planners, academicians, civil society groups and relevant stakeholders. [Elucidation of the 4th National Report submitted to UNCCD Secretariat]. URL: [http://moef.nic.in/modules/divisions/desertification-cell/unccd-report.pdf]desertification, dry land forests, forests, green India, rural development, forest management, environment, biodiversity, India, policy makers, academicians, civil society, ecosystems, land degradation, climate change, planners, drought, drylands,