Spatial Differentiation of the Economic Structure of the Russian Regions of the Arctic Zone

The Regions located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation implement an important function in the development of an export potential of the country. The richest nature-resource potential of the land and the sea should be considered as the favorable factors of manufacture development in the Arctic zone. The negative factors constraining the development of the Arctic zone are as follows: severe nature-climatic conditions; considerable remoteness of the region from the subjects of the Russian Federation being socially and economically more developed; weak economic (including infrastructural) mastering of this territory; a low demographic potential of the population. The goal of the studies is to reveal the existing spatial differentiation of the economic activities in the northern latitude areas of the country. The authors have compiled several diagrams and maps to estimate the differences in the branch structure of gross value added of the subjects of the Arctic zone of Russia. Besides that, a variance of the areas’ shares in comparison with the average value of the Russian Federation as a whole has been estimated. The analysis of the features of spatial differentiation of the economic activities of the Arctic regions allows us to determine the certain tendencies of the development of economic structures for the future. The article is intended for those experts and students who are interested in the problems of the development of the northern regions of the Russian Federation.The research was supported by the Program for Fundamental Studies Support of the Presidium of the RAS (No. 44 P) “Exploratory Fundamental Research in Aimed at the Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”

Structural transformations of the economy in the Pacific Region of Russia and efficiency trends

Pacific Russia is viewed as an aqua-territorial macro-region that encompasses the Far Eastern Federal District and the adjacent water area within the 200-mile maritime economic zone. The macro-region has a wealth of natural resources at land and on sea, opportunities for the use of sea transport to link Russia and Europe with the countries of Asia-Pacific Region. Pacific Russia is divided into 2 latitudinal zones — the northern zone and southern zone, which include the territories of northern and southern constituents of the Russian Far Eastern Federal District. The combinations of activities by constituent entities and latitudinal zones are considered as the territorial structures of the economy. This article reveals the differences in socio-economic capacity and development level of these latitudinal zones. The authors have assessed the structural transformations in the economy of latitudinal zones in 2004–2013 by taking into account the changes of similar activities in the constituent entities and their ratios measured as a share of value added. This allowed to identify the transformations of territorial economic structures in the latitudinal zones. Over this period, the greatest changes of economic structures occurred in the northern zone. In the southern zone, the structural transformations of the economy were smaller, except for the Sakhalin region. In all latitudinal zones, there was a decrease in the share of manufacturing industries and the increase in the share of extractive industries. The article compares the generalized assessment of changes in the social and economic efficiency (by the growth of population income, labor productivity, and profits) with the structural changes in the economy of the constituent entities of Pacific Russia. The authors note that an important premise for building a sufficiently sustainable system of interregional division of labor in Pacific Russia is the location of extractive industries and initial stages of the manufacturing industry activities in the northern zone, while the major manufacturing industries and interregional transport and logistics services are located in the southern zone. This article is intended for experts and students interested in the development problems of Russia’s eastern regions.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation Grant “Factors, mechanisms and types of structural transformation and modernization of territorial socio-economic systems in Pacific Russia” (№ 14–18–03185)

Purely finitely additive measures as generalized elements in a maximin problem

We study the asymptotic behavior of maximin values of a payoff function, when admissible controls tend to infinity. The payoff function is superposition of a continuos function and a function that is uniform limit of step functions. An extension in the class of finitely additive measures is used. © 2013 Artem Baklanov

Overview of the European project FUMAPEX

International audienceThe quality of the urban air pollution forecast critically depends on the mapping of emissions, the urban air pollution models, and the meteorological data. The quality of the meteorological data should be largely enhanced by using downscaled data from advanced numerical weather prediction models. These different topics, as well as the application of population exposure models, have traditionally been treated in distinct scientific communities whose expertise needs to be combined to enhance the possibilities of forecasting air pollution episodes in European cities. For this purpose the EU project "Integrated Systems for Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure'' (FUMAPEX) (http://fumapex.dmi.dk), involving 22 organizations from 10 European countries, was initiated. The main objectives of the project are the improvement of meteorological forecasts for urban areas, the connection of numerical weather prediction models to urban air pollution and population exposure models, the building of improved Urban Air Quality Information and Forecasting Systems, and their application in cities in various European climates. This paper overviews the project items and first two-years results, it is an introduction to the whole ACP issue

On density properties of weakly absolutely continuous measures

It is shown that some set of all step functions (and the set of all uniform limits of ones) allows an embedding into some compact subset (with respect to weak-star topology) of the set of all finitely additive measures of bounded variation in the form of an everywhere dense subset. Precisely, we considered the set of all step functions (the set of all uniform limits of such functions) such that integral of absolute value of the functions with respect to non-negative finitely additive measure λ is equal to the unit. For these sets, the possibility of the embedding is proved for the cases of non-atomic and finite range measure λ; in the cases the compacts do not coincide. Namely, in the nonatomic measure case, it is shown that the mentioned sets of functions allow the embedding into the unit ball (in the strong norm-variation) of weakly absolutely continuous measures with respect to λ in the form of a everywhere dense subset. In the finite range measure case, it is shown that the mentioned sets of functions allow the embedding into the unit sphere of weakly absolutely continuous measures with respect to λ in the form of a everywhere dense subset. In the last case the sphere is closed in the weak-star topology. An interpretation of these results is given in terms of an approach connected with an extension of linear control problems in the class of finitely additive measures

On question about extension of maximin problem with phase constraints

We study the asymptotic behavior of maximin values of a payoff function, when relaxed constraints are tightened. The payoff function depends on the trajectories of controlled systems of the first and second player. An extension in the class of the Radon measures is used. The asymptotic equivalence between two types of the constraints relaxations is shown. © 2013 Artem Baklanov

Properties of Type II Plateau Supernova SNLS-04D2dc: Multicolor Light Curves of Shock Breakout and Plateau

Shock breakout is the brightest radiative phenomenon in a Type II supernova (SN). Although it was predicted to be bright, the direct observation is difficult due to the short duration and X-ray/ultraviolet-peaked spectra. First entire observations of the shock breakouts of Type II Plateau SNe (SNe IIP) were reported in 2008 by ultraviolet and optical observations by the {\it GALEX} satellite and supernova legacy survey (SNLS), named SNLS-04D2dc and SNLS-06D1jd. We present multicolor light curves of a SN IIP, including the shock breakout and plateau, calculated with a multigroup radiation hydrodynamical code {\sc STELLA} and an evolutionary progenitor model. The synthetic multicolor light curves reproduce well the observations of SNLS-04D2dc. This is the first study to reproduce the ultraviolet light curve of the shock breakout and the optical light curve of the plateau consistently. We conclude that SNLS-04D2dc is the explosion with a canonical explosion energy $1.2\times10^{51}$ ergs and that its progenitor is a star with a zero-age main-sequence mass $20M_\odot$ and a presupernova radius $800R_\odot$. The model demonstrates that the peak apparent $B$-band magnitude of the shock breakout would be $m_{\rm B}\sim26.4$ mag if a SN being identical to SNLS-04D2dc occurs at a redshift $z=1$, which can be reached by 8m-class telescopes. The result evidences that the shock breakout has a great potential to detect SNe IIP at z\gsim1.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letter

Didactic prototype of student modern training: aspect of educational robotic complex realization

The relevance of the study is due to the changed trends in University students’ training, suggesting an effective solution to educational problems with the help of digital means, among which a special place takes the robotic complex. In this regard, the article for the first time, as an independent scientific direction, attempts to substantiate the theoretical and methodological approach to the use of educational robotic complex as a didactic prototype of modern student training. During the implementation of pedagogical modeling - the leading method of research, educational robotic complex is justified as a methodological basis for the didactic prototype of student training. Taking into account the new trends in the transformation of student training, the article reveals the phenomenology of the educational robotic complex. Based on its results the study establishes the pedagogical terms of the educational robotic complex’s realization; substantiates algorithm of didactic designing of a prototype educational robotic systems and proves its effectiveness in educational process of the University. The article focuses materials on providing methodological assistance to University teachers and students in the development and use of educational robotic complex in the educational process of the University. It gives recommendations for teachers, methodologists, University managers and students