Boron-doped diamond growth on carbon fibre: Enhancing the electrical conductivity

Carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CRFP) are extensively used in many industrial applications thanks to its mechanical properties and its low weight. Nevertheless, the orthotropic character of CRFP highly reduces its applications. The transversal electrical conductivity in CRFP is two orders poorer than in the longitudinal direction. To improve their electrical properties, this work proposes the use of polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) as coating of the carbon fibres (CF). BDD coating is deposited on CF surface using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system. The BDD coating forms a rigid conductive coating around the CF as a core–shell structure. Here, an electrical characterization of both, 12,000 filaments (a tow) and a single coated filament, are carried out in the longitudinal and cross-section directions. Macro, micro and local analysis using the Kelvin method, Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM), and Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM), were carried out to evidence the improvement of the electrical properties. Macro measurement reveals that the BDD coating decreases to half the resistivity of the CF. The BDD coating raises the local electrical conductivity of the CF by an order of magnitude with respect to the uncoated ones. sMIM maps identified BDD locations in ring-like configurations. © 2023 The Author

Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline diamond: Insight thermal property

One of the limitations of materials for high-power devices and structural coatings applications is heat dissipation. Diamond is a suitable material for heat distribution due to its high thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, it is usually grown at high temperature (800–1200 ◦C), which limits its use as a coating for substrates vulnerable to degradation at high temperatures. In this work, it is studied the effect of the distance between the plasma source and substrate on the growth of nanocrystalline diamond layers on silicon substrates at low temperature (<450 ◦C) by microwave linear antenna plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW-LA-PECVD) in pulse mode. The nanocrystalline diamond films have been analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the superficial thermal conductivity of the diamond layers was determined by scanning thermal microscopy-AFM (SThM-AFM).6 página

Neutron Capture on the s-Process Branching Point 171^{171}Tm via Time-of-Flight and Activation

The neutron capture cross sections of several unstable nuclides acting as branching points in the s process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies. The unstable $^{171}$Tm(t$_{1/2}$=1.92 yr) is part of the branching around mass A∼170 but its neutron capture cross section as a function of the neutron energy is not known to date. In this work, following the production for the first time of more than 5 mg of $^{171}$Tm at the high-flux reactor Institut Laue-Langevin in France, a sample was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Two complementary experiments were carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF) at CERN in Switzerland and at the SARAF liquid lithium target facility at Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel by time of flight and activation, respectively. The result of the time-of-flight experiment consists of the first ever set of resonance parameters and the corresponding average resonance parameters, allowing us to make an estimation of the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) by extrapolation. The activation measurement provides a direct and more precise measurement of the MACS at 30 keV: 384(40) mb, with which the estimation from the n_TOF data agree at the limit of 1 standard deviation. This value is 2.6 times lower than the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII evaluations, 25% lower than that of the Bao et al. compilation, and 1.6 times larger than the value recommended in the KADoNiS (v1) database, based on the only previous experiment. Our result affects the nucleosynthesis at the A∼170 branching, namely, the $^{171}$Yb abundance increases in the material lost by asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a better match to the available pre-solar SiC grain measurements compared to the calculations based on the current JEFF-3.3 model-based evaluation

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Mesophilic anaerobic digestion in a fluidised-bed reactor of wastewater from the production of protein isolates from chickpea flour

A study of the anaerobic digestion of wastewater derived from the production of protein isolates from chickpea flour was carried out in a laboratory-scale, mesophilic (35 °C) fluidised-bed reactor with saponite as bacterial support. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiencies in the range of 96.8–85.2% were achieved in the reactor at organic loading rates (OLR) of between 0.58 and 2.10 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/l per day, hydraulic retention times (HRT) of between 14.9 and 4.5 days and average feed COD concentration of 9.1 g/l. Eighty-five percent of feed COD could be removed up to OLR of 2.1 g COD/l per day. The yield coefficient of methane production was 0.34 l of methane (at STP) per gram COD removed and was virtually independent of the OLR applied. Because the buffering capacity of the experimental system was maintained at favourable levels with excess total alkalinity present at all loadings, the rate of methanogenesis was not affected by loading. Experimental data indicated that a total alkalinity in the range of 1090–2130 mg/l as CaCO3 was sufficient to prevent the pH from decreasing to below 7.2 for OLR of up to 2.7 g COD/l per day. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels and the VFA/alkalinity ratio were lower than the suggested limits for digester failure (0.3–0.4) for OLR and HRT up to 2.7 g COD/l per day and 3.5 days, respectively. For a HRT of 2.8 days (OLR of 3.00 g COD/l per day) the start of acidification was observed in the reactor

Kinetic models of an anaerobic bioreactor for restoring wastewater generated by industrial chickpea protein production.

To assess the accuracy of kinetic models in predicting the behaviour of an anaerobic biodegradation process for cleaning up wastewater derived from the production of protein isolates from chickpea flour, the process was conducted in a laboratory-scale fluidised-bed reactor with saponite (magnesium silicate) as support for the mediating bacteria at 35 °C. The reactor operated satisfactorily at organic loading rates between 0.58 and 2.70 g total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) L?1 d?1, hydraulic retention times between 14.9 and 3.5 d, and an average feed TCOD of 9.1 g L?1. The methane yield coefficient value, YG/S, of 0.33 L CH4 (at STP) g?1 TCODremoved, calculated on the basis of a substrate balance (TCOD) model, was virtually identical to that obtained from the experimental data. The cell maintenance coefficient, km, obtained by means of this balance was found to be 0.0057 g TCOD g?1 volatile suspended solids (VSS) d?1. The volumetric methane production rates correlated with the biodegradable TCOD concentration based on the Michaelis–Menten equation. In addition, the specific rate of substrate uptake, r (g soluble COD (SCOD) g?1 VSS d?1), also correlated with the concentration of biodegradable substrate, Sb (g SCOD L?1), according to the Michaelis–Menten equation. These proposed models predict the behaviour of the reactor accurately showing deviations &lt;10% between experimental and theoretical values of methane production and substrate uptake rates, respectively

The Current Molecular Epidemiological Scenario of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Blastocystis in Spain. Implication for Public Health

The enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are major contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal diseases globally. Both pathogens primarily affect children living in resource-poor settings with limited or no access to clean water and sanitation facilities, but are also significant public health threats in developed countries. Additionally, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are common causes of waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease globally. Besides, the Stramenopile Blastocystis sp. is the most common eukaryotic organism reported in the human gut. Although its pathogenicity is a topic of debate, there is increasing evidence demonstrating that this protist can be associated with gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome) and extra-intestinal manifestations, including urticaria. Because Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. share the same transmission (faecal-oral) route, are able to infect a wide range of animal species other than humans with variable host specificities, and their infective forms are environmentally resilient, the study of these pathogens should be ideally approached under the One Health umbrella. In this context, molecular-based methods including PCR and sequencing provide powerful tools to investigate the epidemiology and transmission of these parasites. In Spain, cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis, but not blastocystosis, are notifiable diseases. However, the true incidence of these infections remain largely unknown because underdiagnosing and underreporting. Symptomatic cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis disproportionally affect children under four years of age, but we know now that subclinical infections are also common in apparently healthy individuals of all age groups. However, molecular data regarding the frequency and diversity of these pathogens are limited and spatially and temporally discontinuous. This chapter aims to provide, from a public veterinary health perspective, an updated account on the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium, G. duodenalis and Blastocystis in Spain, with an emphasis on the description of the species/genotypes circulating in symptomatic and asymptomatic human populations. Current knowledge on the presence of these pathogens in production (livestock), companion (dogs and cats) and wildlife animal species is also discussed, including their potential role as natural reservoirs of human infections, and the available evidence of zoonotic (and anthroponotic) transmission events.Research summarized in this chapter and conducted at the Spanish National Centre for Microbiology was funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), under projects CP12/03081 and PI16CIII/00024. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.S