Decomposition of individual components of bio-organic waste: volatile organic compounds and the impact on health and psycho-emotional state

The study considers the impact on the person’s health and psycho-emotional state of unpleasant odors arising from the storage and accumulation of bioorganic waste, including food waste (meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables) and bird droppings. The survey data of poultry and livestock farms’ employees in Serbia are given. The impact of unpleasant odors on the Waste sorting complex (Moscow region) employees’ vital signs is assessed. The impact of high-intensity odor groups for individual components of food waste (pork meat, poultry meat, vegetables and fruits) and bird droppings was studied by interviewing volunteers and measuring their vital signs

Разложение отдельных компонентов биоорганических отходов: летучие органические соединения и их влияние на здоровье и психоэмоциональное состояние

The study considers the impact on the person’s health and psycho-emotional state of unpleasant odors arising from the storage and accumulation of bioorganic waste, including food waste (meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables) and bird droppings. The survey data of poultry and livestock farms’ employees in Serbia are given. The impact of unpleasant odors on the Waste sorting complex (Moscow region) employees’ vital signs is assessed. The impact of high-intensity odor groups for individual components of food waste (pork meat, poultry meat, vegetables and fruits) and bird droppings was studied by interviewing volunteers and measuring their vital signs.Рассмотрено влияние на здоровье и психоэмоциональное состояние человека неприятных запахов, возникающих при хранении и накоплении биоорганических отходов, в том числе пищевых отходов (мяса, птицы, фруктов и овощей) и птичьего помета. Приведены данные опроса работников птицеводческих и животноводческих ферм Сербии. Оценено влияние неприятных запахов на показатели жизнедеятельности работников Комплекса по сортировке отходов (КПО) (Московская область). Влияние групп запахов высокой интенсивности на отдельные компоненты пищевых отходов (мяса свинины, мяса птицы, овощей и фруктов) и птичьего помета изучали путем опроса добровольцев и измерения их показателей жизнедеятельности

The Role of Variational Principles of Mechanics in the Study of the Evolution of Non-Conservative Dynamical Systems

В статье рассмотрены основы вариационных принципов механики применительно к материальной точке, приведена краткая историческая справка развития вариационных методов механики, рассмотрена классическая вариационная задача с закрепленными концами, показана связь закона сохранения энергии с принципом стационарности действия, а также представлено получение характеристической функции неконсервативной системы на примере механической системы с линейным трением. На основе теоремы Нетер показана связь первого интеграла механической системы с ее характеристической функцией и выполнена интерпретация первого интеграла неконсервативной механической системы с линейным трениемThe article covers the basics of variational principles of mechanics applied to a material point is a brief historical background of variational methods mechanics, considered classical variational problem with fixed ends, shows the relationship of the law of conservation of energy to the principle of stationary action, as well as obtaining the characteristic function of a non-conservative system as an example of a mechanical system Linear friction. On the basis of Noether’s theorem, shows the relationship of the first integral of the mechanical system, with its characteristic function, and interpretation made the first integral non-conservative mechanical system with linear frictio

The Role of Variational Principles of Mechanics in the Study of the Evolution of Non-Conservative Dynamical Systems

В статье рассмотрены основы вариационных принципов механики применительно к материальной точке, приведена краткая историческая справка развития вариационных методов механики, рассмотрена классическая вариационная задача с закрепленными концами, показана связь закона сохранения энергии с принципом стационарности действия, а также представлено получение характеристической функции неконсервативной системы на примере механической системы с линейным трением. На основе теоремы Нетер показана связь первого интеграла механической системы с ее характеристической функцией и выполнена интерпретация первого интеграла неконсервативной механической системы с линейным трениемThe article covers the basics of variational principles of mechanics applied to a material point is a brief historical background of variational methods mechanics, considered classical variational problem with fixed ends, shows the relationship of the law of conservation of energy to the principle of stationary action, as well as obtaining the characteristic function of a non-conservative system as an example of a mechanical system Linear friction. On the basis of Noether’s theorem, shows the relationship of the first integral of the mechanical system, with its characteristic function, and interpretation made the first integral non-conservative mechanical system with linear frictio

Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.Peer reviewe