Lower Coverdale and Gaytons: Middle Devonian and possibly older anorthosite-ferronorite, gabbro, and quartz monzonite intrusions in southeastern New Brunswick

The Lower Coverdale intrusion near Moncton, New Brunswick, has been intersected in drill holes at depths of 100–200 m below unconformably overlying Carboniferous sandstone, onglomerate and, locally, limestone of the Windsor, Mabou, and Cumberland groups. A large positive aeromagnetic anomaly suggests that the intrusion has a subsurface area of at least 30–40 km2. As revealed by drill core and cuttings, the intrusion consists of interlayered coarse-grained anorthosite and ferronorite, both intruded by gabbro, quartz monzonite, and minor felsic dykes. The ferronorite is high in Ti and P, and contains interstitial patite and ilmenite/magnetite and layers of apatite-ilmenite rock (nelsonite) up to several metres thick. Much of the core shows pervasive effects of metamorphism and alteration but microprobe analyses of the freshest samples revealed that the plagioclase in both anorthosite and ferronorite has andesine composition. The anorthosite and ferronorite are chemically distinct, but their close spatial association suggests a genetic link. In contrast, the younger gabbroic rocks differ in mineralogy and chemistry from, and appear unrelated to, the anorthosite and ferronorite. They are altered but not metamorphosed, and preserve intergranular textures. They contain more calcic plagioclase and augite, and have low Ti and P. The deepest drill hole in the Lower Coverdale intrusion encountered highly altered coarse-grained quartz monzonite at a depth of 1095–1206 m. The quartz monzonite is mineralogically and chemically similar to quartz monzonite in quarries near Gaytons, 20 km to the east. Virtually identical Middle Devonian U-Pb zircon ages of 90.6 ± 1.0 Ma and 390.0 ± 0.5 Ma were obtained for samples from the Lower Coverdale and Gaytons quartz monzonite, espectively. However, the anorthosite-ferronoritegabbro is likely considerably older: perhaps ca. 540 Ma like gabbroic rocks elsewhere in the Brookville terrane; or possibly esoproterozoic, like intrusions with similar characteristics in Grenvillian parts of the Precambrian shield. RÉSUMÉ On a croisé l’intrusion de Lower Coverdale près de Moncton (Nouveau-Brunswick) dans des puits forés à des profondeurs de 100 à 200 m au-dessous de grès du Carbonifère sus-jacent non concordant, de conglomérat et, par endroits, de calcaire des groupes de Windsor, de Mabou et de Cumberland. Une anomalie aéromagnétique positive étendue permet de supposer que l’intrusion a une superficie souterraine d’au moins 30 à 40 kilomètres carrés. Les carottes de forage et les déblais révèlent que l’intrusion est constituée de ferronorite et d’anorthosite à grains grossiers interstratifiées, toutes deux pénétrées par du gabbro, de l’adamellite et des dykes felsiques secondaires. La ferronorite est riche en Ti et en P et renferme de ’ilménite/magnétite et de l’apatite interstitielles ainsi que des couches d’ilménite-apatite (nelsonite) pouvant avoir plusieurs mètres d’épaisseur. Une vaste part des carottes témoignent des effets intenses d’un métamorphisme et d’une altération, mais des analyses à la microsonde des échantillons les plus frais ont révélé que le plagioclase à l’intérieur de l’anorthosite et de la ferronorite est composé d’andésine. L’anorthosite et la ferronorite sont chimiquement distinctes, mais leur association spatiale étroite laisse supposer un lien génétique. Par contre, les roches gabbroïques plus récentes ont une composition minéralogique et chimique différant de celles de l’anorthosite et de la ferronorite et elles ne semblent pas y être apparentées. Elles sont altérées mais ne sont pas métamorphisées et elles conservent des textures intergranulaires. Elles renferment plus de plagioclase calcique et d’augite et ont une faible teneur en Ti et en P. Le puits de forage le plus profond dans l’intrusion de Lower Coverdale a recoupé de l’adamellite à grains grossiers fortement altérée à une profondeur de 1 095 à 1 206 m. L’adamellite est minéralogiquement et chimiquement similaire à l’adamellite des carrières situées près de Gaytons, à 20 kilomètres à l’est. On a obtenu des datations U-Pb sur zircon pratiquement identiques du Dévonien moyen de 390,6 ± 1,0 Ma et de 390,0 ± 0,5 Ma d’échantillons d’adamellite de Lower Coverdale et de Gaytons, respectivement. Le gabbro l’anorthosite-ferronorite, toutefois, est probablement beaucoup plus âgé : il a peut-être 540 Ma, comme les roches gabbroïques d’ailleurs à l’intérieur du terrane de Brookville, ou il pourrait remonter au Mésoprotérozoïque, comme les intrusions présentant des caractéristiques analogues dans les parties grenvilliennes du bouclier précambrien

Behavioural ontogeny of bearded seals Erignathus barbatus through the first year of life

Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council (MARE programme, grant number 164940). C.D.H. was funded by the Norwegian Polar Institute’s Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems.Pinniped pups face special ontogenetic challenges as they are born and receive maternal care on solid substrates (land or ice) but must transition to feeding aquatically following weaning. In this study, Satellite Relay Data Loggers were used to study behavioural ontogeny of bearded seal Erignathus barbatus pups (n = 13) through their first year in Svalbard, Norway. Pups occupied shallow, coastal habitats and were found in areas with intermediate ice concentrations (in seasons with sea ice - late-autumn/winter). Most pups showed exploratory movement patterns that peaked in the weeks following weaning; maximum home range size occurred at 31 to 60 days of age. Thereafter, home range size decreased with pups settling into areas along the coast. Time spent diving, dive duration, dive depth and time at the bottom of dives increased during the first weeks of independence, stabilizing when pups were ~50 d old. Dive depth subsequently decreased to depths comparable to adult bearded seals (by the time pups were ~175 d old). Record maximum dive depth (368 m) and duration (16.5 min) were performed by pups that were 66 and 224 d old, respectively. Time spent hauled out decreased after weaning, with pups hauling out only sporadically after they were 75 d old. Bearded seals pups seem to be physiologically and behaviourally well developed by the time they are two months old. Pups did not display the individually specialized diving behaviour seen in adults, which suggests that they continue to fine-tune their aquatic and other life-skills well past the end of the first year of life.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Leadership, the logic of sufficiency and the sustainability of education

The notion of sufficiency has not yet entered mainstream educational thinking, and it still has to make its mark upon educational leadership. However, a number of related concepts – particularly those of sustainability and complexity theory – are beginning to be noticed. This article examines these two concepts and uses them to critique the quasi-economic notion of efficiency, before arguing that the concept of sufficiency arises naturally from this discussion. This concept, originally derived from environmental thinking, has both metaphorical and practical impact for educational organizations and their leadership. An examination of three possible meanings suggests that while an embrace of an imperative concept of sufficiency seems increasingly necessary, its adoption would probably lead to a number of other problems, as it challenges some fundamental societal values and assumptions. Nevertheless, the article argues that these need to be addressed for the sake of both sustainable leadership and a sustainable planet

The short term debt vs. long term debt puzzle: a model for the optimal mix

This paper argues that the existing finance literature is inadequate with respect to its coverage of capital structure of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular it is argued that the cost of equity (being both conceptually ill defined and empirically non quantifiable) is not applicable to the capital structure decisions for a large proportion of SMEs and the optimal capital structure depends only on the mix of short and long term debt. The paper then presents a model, developed by practitioners for optimising the debt mix and demonstrates its practical application using an Italian firm's debt structure as a case study

Uses of strength-based interventions for people with serious mental illness: a critical review

Background: For the past 3 decades, mental health practitioners have increasingly adopted aspects and tools of strength-based approaches. Providing strength-based intervention and amplifying strengths relies heavily on effective interpersonal processes. Aim: This article is a critical review of research regarding the use of strength-based approaches in mental health service settings. The aim is to discuss strength-based interventions within broader research on recovery, focussing on effectiveness and advances in practice where applicable. Method: A systematic search for peer-reviewed intervention studies published between 2001 and December 2014 yielded 55 articles of potential relevance to the review. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Our review found emerging evidence that the utilisation of a strength-based approach improves outcomes including hospitalisation rates, employment/educational attainment, and intrapersonal outcomes such as self-efficacy and sense of hope. Conclusion: Recent studies confirm the feasibility of implementing a high-fidelity strength-based approach in clinical settings and its relevance for practitioners in health care. More high-quality studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of strength-based approaches

The Ginninderra CH4 and CO2 release experiment: An evaluation of gas detection and quantification techniques

A methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) release experiment was held from April to June 2015 at the Ginninderra Controlled Release Facility in Canberra, Australia. The experiment provided an opportunity to compare different emission quantification techniques against a simulated CH4 and CO2 point source release, where the actual release rates were unknown to the participants. Eight quantification techniques were assessed: three tracer ratio techniques (two mobile); backwards Lagrangian stochastic modelling; forwards Lagrangian stochastic modelling; Lagrangian stochastic (LS) footprint modelling; atmospheric tomography using point and using integrated line sensors. The majority of CH4 estimates were within 20% of the actual CH4 release rate (5.8 g/min), with the tracer ratio technique providing the closest estimate to both the CH4 and CO2 release rates (100 g/min). Once the release rate was known, the majority of revised estimates were within 10% of the actual release rate. The study illustrates the power of measuring the emission rate using multiple simultaneous methods and obtaining an ensemble median or mean. An ensemble approach to estimating the CH4 emission rate proved successful with the ensemble median estimate within 16% for the actual release rate for the blind release experiment and within 2% once the release rate was known. The release also provided an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of stationary and mobile ground and aerial CH4 detection technologies. Sensor detection limits and sampling rates were found to be significant limitations for CH4 and CO2 detection. A hyperspectral imager\u27s capacity to image the CH4 release from 100 m, and a Boreal CH4 laser sensor\u27s ability to track moving targets suggest the future possibility to map gas plumes using a single laser and mobile aerial reflector

The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III

The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) is designed to measure the scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of matter over a larger volume than the combined efforts of all previous spectroscopic surveys of large scale structure. BOSS uses 1.5 million luminous galaxies as faint as i=19.9 over 10,000 square degrees to measure BAO to redshifts z<0.7. Observations of neutral hydrogen in the Lyman alpha forest in more than 150,000 quasar spectra (g<22) will constrain BAO over the redshift range 2.15<z<3.5. Early results from BOSS include the first detection of the large-scale three-dimensional clustering of the Lyman alpha forest and a strong detection from the Data Release 9 data set of the BAO in the clustering of massive galaxies at an effective redshift z = 0.57. We project that BOSS will yield measurements of the angular diameter distance D_A to an accuracy of 1.0% at redshifts z=0.3 and z=0.57 and measurements of H(z) to 1.8% and 1.7% at the same redshifts. Forecasts for Lyman alpha forest constraints predict a measurement of an overall dilation factor that scales the highly degenerate D_A(z) and H^{-1}(z) parameters to an accuracy of 1.9% at z~2.5 when the survey is complete. Here, we provide an overview of the selection of spectroscopic targets, planning of observations, and analysis of data and data quality of BOSS.Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures, accepted by A

Review of interventions to encourage SMEs to make environmental improvements

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of the world economy but they are thought to be responsible for around 60% of all carbon dioxide emissions and 70% of all pollution. SMEs often have major problems with limited resources, limited knowledge, and limited technical capabilities to deal with their own negative environmental impact. SMEs exhibit widely differing characteristics and commitment where environmental issues are concerned. Yet under these conditions they are all expected to engage in environmental improvement. Interventions that encourage environmental improvement are often polarised between regulation and legislation at one extreme and voluntary environmental agreement at the other. It is clear that a holistic mixture of interventions is necessary to achieve maximum engagement and environmental improvement by all SMEs. In this paper we categorise the different levels of environmental commitment observed in SMEs and develop a selection or &lsquo;toolkit&rsquo; of intervention strategies that might be deployed within each category of SME.<br /

Risk factors for genital infections in people initiating SGLT2 inhibitors and their impact on discontinuation

Introduction: To identify risk factors, absolute risk, and impact on treatment discontinuation of genital infections with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Research design and methods: We assessed the relationship between baseline characteristics and genital infection in 21 004 people with type 2 diabetes initiating SGLT2i and 55 471 controls initiating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in a UK primary care database. We assessed absolute risk of infection in those with key risk factors and the association between early genital infection and treatment discontinuation. Results: Genital infection was substantially more common in those treated with SGLT2i (8.1% within 1 year) than DPP4i (1.8%). Key predictors of infection with SGLT2i were female sex (HR 3.64; 95% CI 3.23 to 4.11) and history of genital infection; &lt;1 year before initiation (HR 4.38; 3.73 to 5.13), 1–5 years (HR 3.04; 2.64 to 3.51), and &gt;5 years (HR 1.79; 1.55 to 2.07). Baseline HbA1c was not associated with infection risk for SGLT2i, in contrast to DPP4i where risk increased with higher HbA1c. One-year absolute risk of genital infection with SGLT2i was highest for those with a history of prior infection (females 23.7%, males 12.1%), compared with those without (females 10.8%, males 2.7%). Early genital infection was associated with a similar discontinuation risk for SGLT2i (HR 1.48; 1.21–1.80) and DPP4i (HR 1.58; 1.21–2.07). Conclusions: Female sex and history of prior infection are simple features that can identify subgroups at greatly increased risk of genital infections with SGLT2i therapy. These data can be used to risk-stratify patients. High HbA1c is not a risk factor for genital infections with SGLT2i