A New Approach For Interexaminer Reliability Data Analysis On Dental Caries Calibration

Objectives: a) to evaluate the interexaminer reliability in caries detection considering different diagnostic thresholds and b) to indicate, by using Kappa statistics, the best way of measuring interexaminer agreement during the calibration process in dental caries surveys. Methods: Eleven dentists participated in the initial training, which was divided into theoretical discussions and practical activities, and calibration exercises, performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after the initial training. For the examinations of 6-7-year-old schoolchildren, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations were followed and different diagnostic thresholds were used: WHO (decayed/missing/filled teeth - DMFT index) and WHO + IL (initial lesion) diagnostic thresholds. The interexaminer reliability was calculated by Kappa statistics, according to WHO and WHO+IL thresholds considering: a) the entire dentition; b) upper/lower jaws; c) sextants; d) each tooth individually. Results: Interexaminer reliability was high for both diagnostic thresholds; nevertheless, it decreased in all calibration sections when considering teeth individually. Conclusion: The interexaminer reliability was possible during the period of 6 months, under both caries diagnosis thresholds. However, great disagreement was observed for posterior teeth, especially using the WHO+IL criteria. Analysis considering dental elements individually was the best way of detecting interexaminer disagreement during the calibration sections.156480485Assaf, A.V., Meneghim, M.C., Zanin, L., Mialhe, F.L., Pereira, A.C., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Assessment of different methods for diagnosing dental caries in epidemiological surveys (2004) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 32, pp. 418-425Assaf, A.V., Meneghim, M.C., Zanin, L., Cortellazzi, K.L., Pereira, A.C., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Effect of different diagnostic thresholds on dental caries calibration (2006) J Public Health Dentistry, 66, pp. 17-22Assaf, A.V., Meneghim, M.C., Zanin, L., Tengan, C., Pereira, A.C., Effect of different diagnostic thresholds for dental caries calibration - a 12 month evaluation (2006) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 34, pp. 213-219Brasil, da Saúde, M., SB Brasil (2002) Projeto, , Condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira:, Brasília, DF;, 2003 2004Cohen, J.A., Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales (1960) Education and Psychological Measurement, 20, pp. 37-46Fyffe, H.E., Deery, C., Nugent, Z.J., Nuttall, N.M., Pitts, N.B., Effect of diagnostic threshold on the validity and reliability of epidemiological caries diagnosis using the Dundee Selectable Threshold Method for caries diagnosis (DSTM) (2000) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 28, pp. 42-51Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data (1977) Biometrics, 33, pp. 159-174Marthaler, T.M., Changes in dental caries 1953-2003 (2004) Caries Res, 38, pp. 173-181Mitropoulos, C.M., Lennon, M.A., Worthington, H.V., A national calibration exercise for the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry regional examiners (1990) Community Dent Health, 7, pp. 179-187Ministério da Saúde, (1988) Levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal: Brasil, Zona Urbana, 1986, , Brasília: Centro de Documentação, Ministério da Saúde;Nuttall, N.M., Paul, J.W., The analysis of inter-dentist agreement in caries prevalence studies (1985) Community Dent Health, 2, pp. 123-128Nyvad, B., Machiulskiene, V., Baelum, V., Construct and predictive validity of clinical caries diagnostic criteria assessing lesion activity (2003) J Dent Res, 82, pp. 117-122Nyvad, B., Machiulskiene, V., Baelum, V., Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions (1999) Caries Res, 33, pp. 252-260Peres, M.A., Traebert, J., Marcenes, W., Calibração de examinadores para estudos epidemiológicos de cárie dentária (2001) Cad Saude Publica, 17, pp. 153-159Pine, C.M., Pitts, N.B., Nugent, Z.J., British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) guidance on the statistical aspects of training and calibration of examiners for surveys of child dental health. A BASCD coordinated dental epidemiology programme quality standard (1997) Community Dent Health, 14 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 18-29Sim, J., Wright, C.C., The kappa statistic in reliability studies: Use, interpretation, and sample size requirements (2005) Phys Ther, 85, pp. 257-268Oral health surveys (1997) Basic methods, , World Health Organization, 4th ed. Geneva: WHO

A new asymmetric synthesis of 2,6-cis-disubstituted-4-methylenpiperidines. Total synthesis of (+)-alkaloid 241D and (+)-isosolenopsin A

A highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2,6-cis-disubstituted-4-methylenepiperidines based on a Mannich type intramolecular cyclization of an allylsilane on an iminium ion is described. The synthetic potential of this methodology is demonstrated by the enantioselective synthesis of two natural piperidine alkaloids: (+)-alkaloid 241D and (+)-isosolenopsin

Global standardization and local complexity. A case study of an aquaculture system in Pampanga delta, Philippines

International standards result from global policies formulated primarily to address issues on food safety, traceability, environmental impact as well as social accountability. As in other agro-food industries, these rules increasingly regulate aquaculture, especially since it has started to be the object of many criticisms. The standards are generally designed in a top-down way and do not always consider the local specificities of production systems. Such implementation favors the emergence of similar patterns of production and trade across different locations. Based on a case study, this paper aims to highlight the gap between the vision conveyed by expert-based, simple and replicable policies of standardization,versusthe real complexity and uniqueness of local aquaculture systems. The assumption is that the lack of recognition of this complexity leadsde factoto the reproduction of dominant modes of production based on standards, ignoring some local actors with a capacity for innovation, while favoring a few larger stakeholders. To reveal the gap, the study looks at some agents of an extensive aquaculture system in the Philippines and at their interaction, focusing on gleaning and trading activities. It then reveals the changes that followed the local implementation of an International food safety standard. It finally discusses (i) the links between the global and normative point of view, and the local and unique dynamics and (ii) some bridges able to reconcile both

Practices and perceptions of teachers, after the voice experience

 Objetivo: implementar um programa educacional para professores em treinamento de voz, bem como avaliar os benefícios deste programa. Metodologia: participaram deste estudo piloto, seis professores sendo cinco mulheres e um homem com idade entre 29 e 55 anos, de uma escola pública de Piracicaba, em São Paulo, Brasil, foram incluídos no estudo. Este programa educacional consistiu de cinco reuniões semanais, incluindo palestras sobre saúde vocal, exercícios de aquecimento, postura corporal, relaxamento corporal e respiração adequada. Para analisar a eficácia do programa educativo, foram coletadas respostas dos participantes sobre o programa após cada encontro, comumente relatadas e submetidas à abordagem da análise do conteúdo. Resultados: os participantes relataram que os exercícios de aquecimento para a voz melhorou o desempenho na articulação das palavras, necessitando de menos esforço para falar.  Entre as mudanças como forma de hábitos saudáveis, beber água e comer maçã foram as mais relatadas. Conclusão: o programa educativo para o treinamento da voz trouxe benefícios para os professores no que diz respeito à melhoria do desempenho profissional e na qualidade de vida no trabalho. Aim:  was to implement an educational program for teachers in voice training, as well to assess the benefits of this program. Methodology: Six teachers participated, being five women and one man, aged from 29 to 55 years, living in Piracicaba, São Paulo/ Brazil.  This educational program consisted of five weekly meetings, including lectures on vocal health, warm-up exercises, body posture, relaxation of the neck, and proper breathing. To analyze the effectiveness of the educational program, data concerning participants’ responsiveness to the program were collected after each appointment and submitted to the content analysis. Results: The participants reported that voice warm-up exercises improved their ability to articulate words, and they required less effort to speak. Among the changes in healthy voice habits, drinking water and eating apples were the most reported. Conclusions: the educational program for voice training brought benefits to teachers as regards improvement in professional performance and the quality of work life.

SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars.

By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking's Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼ 2500 at 1 Hz and ∼ 200 000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars' surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of M w ∼ 3 at 40 ∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Custom Made Candy Plug for Distal False Lumen Occlusion in Aortic Dissection: International Experience

Objective: To evaluate early and midterm outcomes of the Candy Plug (CP) technique for distal false lumen (FL) occlusion in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic dissection (AD) in a more real world cohort of patients from an international multicentre registry. Methods: A multicentre retrospective study was conducted of all consecutive patients from the contributing centres with subacute and chronic AD treated with the CP technique from October 2013 to April 2020 at 18 centres. Results: A custom made CP was used in 155 patients (92 males, mean age 62 ± 11 years). Fourteen (9%) presented with ruptured false lumen aneurysms. Technical success was achieved in all patients (100%). Clinical success was achieved in 138 patients (89%). The median hospital stay was 7 days (1 – 77). The 30 day mortality rate was 3% (n = 5). Stroke occurred in four patients (3%). Spinal cord ischaemia occurred in three patients (2%). The 30 day computed tomography angiogram (CTA) confirmed successful CP placement at the intended level in all patients. Early complete FL occlusion was achieved in 120 patients (77%). Early (30 day) CP related re-intervention was required in four patients (3%). The early (30 day) stent graft related re-intervention rate was 8% (n = 12). Follow up CTA was available in 142 patients (92%), with a median follow up of 23 months (6 – 87). Aneurysmal regression was achieved in 68 of 142 patients (47%); the aneurysm diameter remained stable in 69 of 142 patients (49%) and increased in five of 142 patients (4%). A higher rate of early FL occlusion was detected in the largest volume centre patients (50 [88%] vs. 70 [71%] from other centres; p = .019). No other differences in outcome were identified regarding volume of cases or learning curve. Conclusion: This international CP technique experience confirmed its feasibility and low mortality and morbidity rates. Aortic remodelling and false lumen thrombosis rates were high and support the concept of distal FL occlusion in AD using the CP technique

Cap-Gly Proteins at Microtubule Plus Ends: Is EB1 Detyrosination Involved?

Localization of CAP-Gly proteins such as CLIP170 at microtubule+ends results from their dual interaction with α-tubulin and EB1 through their C-terminal amino acids −EEY. Detyrosination (cleavage of the terminal tyrosine) of α-tubulin by tubulin-carboxypeptidase abolishes CLIP170 binding. Can detyrosination affect EB1 and thus regulate the presence of CLIP170 at microtubule+ends as well? We developed specific antibodies to discriminate tyrosinated vs detyrosinated forms of EB1 and detected only tyrosinated EB1 in fibroblasts, astrocytes, and total brain tissue. Over-expressed EB1 was not detyrosinated in cells and chimeric EB1 with the eight C-terminal amino acids of α-tubulin was only barely detyrosinated. Our results indicate that detyrosination regulates CLIPs interaction with α-tubulin, but not with EB1. They highlight the specificity of carboxypeptidase toward tubulin

Restoration of plakoglobin expression in bladder carcinoma cell lines suppresses cell migration and tumorigenic potential

The reduction or loss of plakoglobin expression in late-stage bladder cancer has been correlated with poor survival where upregulation of this catenin member by histone deacetylase inhibitors has been shown to accompany tumour suppression in an in vivo model. In this study, we directly addressed the question of the role of plakoglobin in bladder tumorigenesis following restoration, or knockdown of expression in bladder carcinoma cell lines. Restoration of plakoglobin expression resulted in a reduction in migration and suppression of tumorigenic potential in vivo. Immunocytochemistry revealed cytoplasmic and membranous localisation of plakoglobin in transfectants with <1% of cells displaying detectable nuclear localisation of plakoglobin. siRNA knockdown experiments targeting plakoglobin, revealed enhanced migration in all cell lines in the presence and absence of E-cadherin expression. In bladder cell lines expressing low levels of plakoglobin and desmoglein-2, elevated levels of desmoglein-2 were detected following restoration of plakoglobin expression in transfected cell lines. Analysis of wnt signalling revealed no activation event associated with plakoglobin expression in the bladder model. These results show that plakoglobin acts as a tumour suppressor gene in bladder carcinoma cells and the silencing of plakoglobin gene expression in late-stage bladder cancer is a primary event in tumour progression