The Effectiveness of the Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) Method Using a Contextual Approach Reviewed From Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability of Senior High School in Muna District

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas metode pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dalam hal keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kecamatan Kontukowuna, Kabupaten Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara pada tahun 2016/2017. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui penyediaan empat item pertanyaan instrumen tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, di mana setiap pertanyaan mewakili indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis dan lembar observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t satu sampel. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa nilai uji t 2,719> (t_0,05,27) = 2,0518, yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing efektif dalam hal kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Hasil ini didukung oleh peningkatan rata-rata pretest 27,66 ke posttest 76,00 yang lebih tinggi dari kriteria penguasaan mengajar minimum (KKM) dari 70

The Performance and Kinetic Study of Membrane Anaerobic System (MAS) in Treating Pome

Anaerobic digestion has been proven to be the most efficient process for primary treatment of POME. However a major problem in the anaerobic wastewater treatment process is to maintain the sufficient quantity of active biomass in the reactor. In this study membrane separation technology has been applied after anaerobic digestion to increase solids retention time and improve treatment efficiency. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the overall membrane anaerobic system (MAS) treatment efficiency and the applicability of three known kinetic models on the system and determination of kinetic coefficients. The MAS consists of a cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane (PCI Micro 240) for solid-liquid separation. Six steady states were ottained over a range of mixed liquor suspended solids of 12,681 - 30,460 mgtl. The study showed a good fitting of the Monod Model (91.1%), Contois Model (98.5%) and Chen and Hashimoto Model (95%) for the MAS treating raw POME at organic loadings between 1.5 kgCOD/m3/d to 6.5 kgCOD/m3/d. The growth yield coefficient Y, was found to be 0.604 kg VSSlkgCOD while the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.099 day-to The k values were in the range of 0.242 to 0.425 mg COD/mg VSS.d and the Pm values were between 0.145 to 0.257dail. The Monod Model and Chen and Hashimoto Model are better than the Contois Model for solids retention time (SRT), effluent substrate concentration (S) and substrate utilisation rate (E) estimation. Both models are able to produce a good predicted S and E if the SRT >= 50 days. Throughout the study, the removal efficiency of COD was 83.2 to 97.97 %. The methane production rate was between 0.262 to 0.473 1/g-COD utilised/d The MAS treatment efficiency was greatly affected by SRT and OLRs. In this study, membrane fouling and polarization at the membrane surface played a significant role in the formation of a strongly attached cake layer limiting membrane permeability

Otomatisasi Instalasi Pengolah Air Limbah (Ipal) Sistem Mobile Di Baristand Industri Surabaya

Berdasarkan UU RI No.32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, maka setiap industri maupun instansi harus bertanggung jawab terhadap pengelolaan limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatannya. Sehubungan dengan adanya permasalahan keterbatasan lahan yang permanen, maka Baristand berupaya membantu dalam pemecahan terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi industri dengan perekayasaan Mobil IPAL.Permasalahan yang ada di Mobil IPAL adalah adanya fluktuasi Karakteristik & volume Air limbah yg akan diproses, tergantung sumber limbahnya, hal tersebut menimbulkan kesulitan pada pengaturan pH serta Penambahan pereaksi. Sehingga dengan Otomatisasi diharapkan kinerja IPAL Mobil lebih effisien.Sistem otomatisasi di IPAL Mobil meliputi penetapan pH 7 dengan pH display dan pengaturan pemberian reagen secara manual. Pengaturan pH : 7 dengan proses air limbah secara sinambung yang dilengkapi dengan dozing pump menggunakan larutan H2SO4 10 %, pengontrolan pH dengan waktu respon dalam 30 detik

Otomatisasi Instalasi Pengolah Air Limbah (Ipal) Sistem Mobile Di Baristand Industri Surabaya

Berdasarkan UU RI No.32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, maka setiap industri maupun instansi harus bertanggung jawab terhadap pengelolaan limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatannya. Sehubungan dengan adanya permasalahan keterbatasan lahan yang permanen, maka Baristand berupaya membantu dalam pemecahan terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi industri dengan perekayasaan Mobil IPAL.Permasalahan yang ada di Mobil IPAL adalah adanya fluktuasi Karakteristik & volume Air limbah yg akan diproses, tergantung sumber limbahnya, hal tersebut menimbulkan kesulitan pada pengaturan pH serta Penambahan pereaksi. Sehingga dengan Otomatisasi diharapkan kinerja IPAL Mobil lebih effisien.Sistem otomatisasi di IPAL Mobil meliputi penetapan pH 7 dengan pH display dan pengaturan pemberian reagen secara manual. Pengaturan pH : 7 dengan proses air limbah secara sinambung yang dilengkapi dengan dozing pump menggunakan larutan H2SO4 10 %, pengontrolan pH dengan waktu respon dalam 30 detik

Evaluación de la calidad hidroquímica del Río San Juan y sus tributarios

Se identificó que, entre los procesos que determinan la calidad hidroquímica, están la salinización e intercambio catiónico. Como elementos fundamentales de dichos procesos se destaca, el predominio de la precipitación en la dilución sobre el efecto marítimo. Otros elementos, que determinan tipos hidroquímicos particulares son el efecto volcánico y el de la materia orgánica. Se observa una relativa estabilidad en el incremento de la salinización, establecido principalmente por el poder de dilución del río. Manteniendose en el rango de aguas dulces, aunque de 1989 a 1997, el promedio de los sólidos totales disueltos como indicador de la salinidad variaron de 55.6 a 125.43 mg/l. El intercambio de iones calcio por sodio, no es significativo por causa del relativo corto tiempo de contacto entre las aguas y los suelos arcillosos, sin embargo se observa una mayor incidencia cerca de las desembocaduras en suelos planos, arcillosos y poco drenados. Las altas concentraciones de hierro total >>0.3 mg/l, en general están definidas por el arrastre de sedimentos, intemperismo, materia orgánica y efecto volcánico, éste último probablemente sea la causa más importante de las altas concentraciones del mismo y de la tendencia al tipo hidroquímico sulfato-cálcico, principalmente de los ríos San Carlos, Sarapiquí y Delta. Por las condiciones naturales y uso del suelo, existe evidencia de eutrofización, donde el fósforo como indicador supera los niveles de 0.03 mg/l, aunque el nitrógeno como nitrato presenta bajas concentraciones, debido al poder de dilución de los caudales del río. Del análisis del potencial de contaminación y de los usos preponderantes, el agua podría estar limitada al uso potable salvo en algunas excepciones de ríos tributarios que requieren cierto nivel de tratamiento, no obstante presenta buenas condiciones para el uso de riego, navegación y recreación

Main flexible pavement and mix design methods in Europe and challenges for the development of an european method

Pavement and mix design represent one of the key components within the life cycle of a road infrastructure, with links to political, economic, technical, societal and environmental issues. Recent researches related to the characteristics of materials and associated behavior models both for materials and pavement, made it appropriate to consider updating current pavement design methods, and especially in the USA this has already been in process while in Europe uses of the methods developed in the early 1970s. Thus, this paper firstly presents a brief historical overview of pavement design methods, highlighting early limitations of old empirical methods. Afterwards, French, UK and Shell methods currently in use in Europe will be presented, underlining their main components in terms of methodology, traffic, climatic conditions and subgrade. The asphalt mix design and modeling in Europe are presented with their inclusion in the pavement design methods. Finally, the main challenges for the development of a European pavement design method are presented as well as the recent research developments that can be used for that methodThe second author would like to express the support of Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (FCT) through scholarship SFRH/BSAB/114415/ 2016. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Status, sources and contamination levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in urban and agricultural areas: a preliminary review in central–southern Italian soils

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are synthetic chemicals commonly used in agricultural activities to kill pests and are persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They can be detected in different environmental media, but soil is considered an important reservoir due to its retention capacity. Many different types of OCPs exist, which can have different origins and pathways in the environment. It is therefore important to study their distribution and behaviour in the environment, starting to build a picture of the potential human health risk in different contexts. This study aimed at investigating the regional distribution, possible sources and contamination levels of 24 OCP compounds in urban and rural soils from central and southern Italy. One hundred and forty-eight topsoil samples (0–20 cm top layer) from 78 urban and 70 rural areas in 11 administrative regions were collected and analysed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC–ECD). Total OCP residues in soils ranged from nd (no detected) to 1043 ng/g with a mean of 29.91 ng/g and from nd to 1914 ng/g with a mean of 60.16 ng/g in urban and rural area, respectively. Endosulfan was the prevailing OCP in urban areas, followed by DDTs, Drins, Methoxychlor, HCHs, Chlordane-related compounds and HCB. In rural areas, the order of concentrations was Drins > DDTs > Methoxychlor > Endosulfans > HCHs > Chlordanes > HCB. Diagnostic ratios and robust multivariate analyses revealed that DDT in soils could be related to historical application, whilst (illegal) use of technical DDT or dicofol may still occur in some urban areas. HCH residues could be related to both historical use and recent application, whilst there was evidence that modest (yet significant) application of commercial technical HCH may still be happening in urban areas. Drins and Chlordane compounds appeared to be mostly related to historical application, whilst Endosulfan presented a complex mix of results, indicating mainly historical origin in rural areas as well as potential recent applications on urban areas. Contamination levels were quantified by Soil Quality Index (SoQI), identifying high levels in rural areas of Campania and Apulia, possibly due to the intensive nature of some agricultural practices in those regions (e.g., vineyards and olive plantations). The results from this study (which is in progress in the remaining regions of Italy) will provide an invaluable baseline for OCP distribution in Italy and a powerful argument for follow-up studies in contaminated areas. It is also hoped that similar studies will eventually constitute enough evidence to push towards an institutional response for more adequate regulation as well as a full ratification of the Stockholm Convention

Smithian Answers to Some Experimental Puzzles

This paper draws attention to the increased use of Adam Smith’s work in the experimental economics literature. It also offers examples of how studying Adam Smith can help formulate possible answers to some otherwise counter-intuitive (if the intuition is based on the Rational-Choice paradigm) experimental results. The first part of the paper presents a short account of how, in recent years, the field has come to recognize the importance of considering other-regarding preferences as well as self-regarding preferences and how it is noticing the wealth of Adam Smith, who dealt with both. The central section of the paper offers examples of how the Smithian apparatus can provide plausible explanatory stories for data from experimental games such as, but not limited to, the Ultimatum Game, the Dictator Game and the Trust Game, which usually cannot be explained using only strict Rational Choice. Smithian resentment, love of praiseworthiness and dread of blameworthiness on the other hand seem to be plausible explanations for the seemingly irrational punishment and generosity observed in these experimental games. Concluding remarks end the essay

Rules of the Road on Private Land

As the number of automobiles increases, and as a main attraction to retail merchandising becomes the amount of parking facilities available to customers, courts will be confronted more often with traffic accidents on private property. Whether the common law rules of negligence are used, or whether the statutory regulations are applied initially or indirectly by analogy, the courts will find it more and more important to settle this legal problem uniformly and realistically

The Effectiveness of The Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) Method Using a Contextual Approach Reviewed from Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability of Senior High School in Muna District

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas metode pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dalam hal keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kecamatan Kontukowuna, Kabupaten Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara pada tahun 2016/2017. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui penyediaan empat item pertanyaan instrumen tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, di mana setiap pertanyaan mewakili indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis dan lembar observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t satu sampel. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa nilai uji t 2,719> (t_0,05,27) = 2,0518, yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing efektif dalam hal kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Hasil ini didukung oleh peningkatan rata-rata pretest 27,66 ke posttest 76,00 yang lebih tinggi dari kriteria penguasaan mengajar minimum (KKM) dari 70. Abstract This study aimed to test the effectiveness of guided discovery learning method using a contextual approach in terms of students' critical thinking skills of SMP. Type of research used was quasi experiment. Population in this research was all VIII grader students of Senior High School in sub-district Kontukowuna, Muna districts, Southeast Sulawesi in 2016/2017. Data collection was obtained through the provision of four items of question of critical thinking skills test instrumen, where each question represents an indicator of critical thinking ability and observation sheet of learning implementation. Research result was analyzed using one sample t test. The findings showed that t test value 2,719> (t_0.05,27) = 2.0518, which can be concluded that the guided discovery learning method was effective in terms of the critical thinking ability of junior high school students. This result was supported by the increase of average of pretest 27.66 to posttest 76.00 which was higher than the minimum teaching mastery criteria (KKM) of 70