Occupations and Morbidity Pattern in a North Indian Site: Need for Focused Health Services for House Wife, Pensioners and Unemployed

Background: Morbidity has factors related to occupational status, however information from community based study is seldom available in India. This article uses self reported morbidity in the community from one North Indian sites and effect of occupational status on morbidity.Methods: An ICMR Task force study of health accounting, collected different health related parameters at baseline. Under the study thousand households (500 rural, 500 urban) were surveyed during 2012-13by door to door survey using pretested questionnaire after availing written informed consent. This information reflects the distribution of demographic and occupation profile in relation to morbidities.Results: Overall self reported morbidity prevalence was nearly sixteen percent (821 out of 5279, 15.8%). 766 individuals provided details, among them 530 (12%) were considered as corroborative evidence to support disease diagnosis. Nearly 32% suffered from communicable and 67% suffered from non-communicable diseases. Among different occupations, pensioners had highest morbidities (24.5%) followed by unemployed (20.5%) and housewives (21.4%).Conclusion: Morbidity profile and effect of occupation/ work status is evident from the study. There is need of targeted services for these groups and periodic feedback or impact assessment from consumers themselves will be more authentic for appropriate policy formulation

Heterogeneity of community based pediatric GAS isolates from India: Challenges to the multivalent vaccine approach

The objective of present study was to find the types of GAS strains circulating in the pediatric population and to assess the immunogenicity of peptides corresponding to N-terminal sequence of M-protein for vaccine development. GAS strains (n = 298) were isolated from children with and without pharyngitis/impetigo during a cross-sectional survey conducted by two centres in North and South India in 8026 school children (5 to 14 years age group). The strains were emm typed and the synthetic peptides corresponding to N-terminal amino acid sequence were tested for their immunogenicity in Balb/c mice. The emm-typing of 71 GAS isolates from North India and 227 strains from South India showed prevalence of 14 and 59 different emm types, showing high heterogeneity of these strains. Among the predominant emm types in Northern and Southern India, only emm type 11 was common. The antipeptide sera raised against few of these peptides were found to offer minimal cross protection against heterologous strains. With an exception of few emm types, the others circulating in India are different from that of the US in both type and frequency, implying that an N-terminal variable region-based vaccine, designed based on emm sequence of the strains prevalent in western populations, may not be effective in India. Also, the greater degree of heterogeneity and regional differences noted in the emm types circulating in the community and minimal cross-protection against heterologous strains poses challenges to the development of N-terminal-based multivalent vaccine pointing to an urgent need for identifying an effective strategy for vaccine development in India

Measurement of pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV by the CMS and TOTEM experiments

Pseudorapidity ( $\eta$ ) distributions of charged particles produced in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 $~\text {TeV}$ are measured in the ranges $|\eta | < 2.2$ and $5.3 < |\eta | < 6.4$ covered by the CMS and TOTEM detectors, respectively. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $\mathcal {L} = 45 \mu {\mathrm {b}}^{-1}$ . Measurements are presented for three event categories. The most inclusive category is sensitive to 91–96 % of the total inelastic proton–proton cross section. The other two categories are disjoint subsets of the inclusive sample that are either enhanced or depleted in single diffractive dissociation events. The data are compared to models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. None of the models considered provide a consistent description of the measured distributions

Search for heavy resonances in the W/Z-tagged dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at 7 TeV

A search has been made for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson, qW or qZ, or a pair of vector bosons, WW, WZ, or ZZ, where each vector boson decays to hadronic final states. This search is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb 121 of proton\u2013proton collisions collected in the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For sufficiently heavy resonances the decay products of each vector boson are merged into a single jet, and the event effectively has a dijet topology. The background from QCD dijet events is reduced using recently developed techniques that resolve jet substructure. A 95% CL lower limit is set on the mass of excited quark resonances decaying into qW (qZ) at 2.38 TeV (2.15 TeV) and upper limits are set on the cross section for resonances decaying to qW, qZ, WW, WZ, or ZZ final states

Search for long-lived particles in events with photons and missing energy in proton\u2013proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for long-lived neutralinos decaying into a photon and an invisible particle, a signature associated with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in supersymmetric models. The analysis is based on a 4.9 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at 1as = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The missing transverse energy and the time of arrival of the photon at the electromagnetic calorimeter are used to search for an excess of events over the expected background. No significant excess is observed, and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are obtained on the mass of the lightest neutralino, m(neutralino) > 220 GeV (for c tau 6000 mm (for m(neutralino) < 150 GeV)

Energy calibration and resolution of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

The energy calibration and resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector have been determined using proton-proton collision data from LHC operation in 2010 and 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=7 TeV with integrated luminosities of about 5 inverse femtobarns. Crucial aspects of detector operation, such as the environmental stability, alignment, and synchronization, are presented. The in-situ calibration procedures are discussed in detail and include the maintenance of the calibration in the challenging radiation environment inside the CMS detector. The energy resolution for electrons from Z-boson decays is better than 2% in the central region of the ECAL barrel (for pseudorapidity abs(eta)<0.8) and is 2-5% elsewhere. The derived energy resolution for photons from 125 GeV Higgs boson decays varies across the barrel from 1.1% to 2.6% and from 2.2% to 5% in the entraps. The calibration of the absolute energy is determined from Z to e+e- decays to a precision of 0.4% in the barrel and 0.8% in the endcaps