A magyar zöldség- és gyümölcságazatok külkereskedelmi versenyképességének alakulása

A vizsgálatok eredményei alapján megállapítható, hogy a zöldség- és gyümölcságazatok versenyképesek, de a versenyképesség évrÅ‘l évre csökken. A versenyképesség romlása az uniós csatlakozással nem szűnt meg, sÅ‘t erÅ‘södött, ami részben az ágazat felkészületlenségének, részben a 2004. évi bÅ‘ termésnek és a 2005. év kedvezÅ‘tlen idÅ‘járásának köszönhetÅ‘. KedvezÅ‘tlen eredmény az is, hogy a pozícióromlás legnagyobb mértékben a célpiacokon észlelhetÅ‘. A termékköröket külön elemezve látható, hogy a versenyképességi mutatók a legkedvezÅ‘bbek a feldolgozott termékeknél. Ezt követik a friss zöldségek. A friss gyümölcsnél már nem is beszélhetünk versenyelÅ‘nyrÅ‘l. Ennek a magyarázatát elsÅ‘sorban a jelentÅ‘s mértékben megnÅ‘tt déligyümölcsimport adja. A kedvezÅ‘tlen tendenciákat nemcsak azért indokolt megváltoztatni, mert az ágazat jelentÅ‘s export-árbevételi forrást jelent, hanem az ország ökológiai adottságai kedvezÅ‘ek a zöldség- és gyümölcstermeléshez, melyet kihasználva fontos szerepet kaphat a vidéki lakosság foglalkoztatásában is. Az ágazat versenyképessége a szervezettségének növelésével, piackutatásokkal, elemzésekkel, akciótervek készítésével, közösségi marketingprogrammal, a minÅ‘ségi árualap megteremtésével, a logisztika fejlesztésével és a termesztéstechnológia korszerűsítésével javítható. ------------------------ It can be determined based on the results of the study that the fruit and vegetable sector is competitive; however, its competitiveness is decreasing each year. The decline in competitiveness did not cease with accession to the EU, rather it grew stronger. This is partly due to the sector’s lack of preparedness and partly the result of abundant production in 2004 and inclement weather in 2005. It is also a disadvantageous result that the decline in position can be felt most keenly in target markets. Analysing product groups separately, it can be seen that competitiveness indicators are most advantageous in processed products, followed by fresh vegetables. We can no longer really speak of a competitive advantage in the case of fresh fruit. The main explanation for this is the significant increase in the import of tropical fruits. It would be particularly desirable to reverse this negative tendency, not only because the sector is a significant source of export-income, but also because Hungary’s ecological characteristics are advantageous to fruit and vegetable production, exploitation of which could also play a vital role in the employment of the rural population. The sector’s competitiveness could be improved through better organisation, market research, analysis, the preparation of action plans, community marketing programmes, the creation of a quality commodity stock, logistics development and the modernisation of production technology.zöldség, gyümölcs, versenyképesség, külkereskedelem, EU-csatlakozás, vegetable, fruit, competitiveness, foreign trade, EU accession, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade, Marketing,

Developing a complex examination system to evaluate the innovation activities of Hungarian agricultural machinery manufacturers

U posljednjem desetljeću zabilježen je pojačan interes u kompleksnim metodama istraživanja. Primjena različitih složenih indeksa i pokazatelja je omogućila ispitivanje vrlo složenih područja poput inovacija i razvoj istraživanja koji su vrlo teško mjerljivi. Uporaba temeljito razrađenih pokazatelja u velikoj mjeri pomaže u njihovom razumijevanju, budući da su karakteristike i obilježja raznih karakteristika izražene u broju. U našem radu želimo predstaviti složenu metodu koja se može koristiti za sakupljanje i procjenu primarnih podataka inovacijskih procesa proizvođača mađarskih poljoprivrednih strojeva. Kao jednu od metoda uvodimo koncept sektor-specifičnog kompleksnog indeksa koji osim postavljanja inovacijskog potencijala na korporacijsku razinu također stvara red konkurentnosti u sektoru.In the past decade there was a growing interest in complex examination methods. The application of different complex indices and indicators has made it possible to examine such complex areas as innovation and research-development which are very difficult to measure. The use of thoroughly elaborated indicators helps understanding to a great extent as the characteristics of these complex categories and notions are expressed in a digit or number. In our paper we present such a complex method of examination that can be used to collect and evaluate primary data of the innovation processes of Hungarian agricultural machinery manufacturers. As part of the method we introduce the concept of a sector- specific complex index, which, apart from assessing innovation potential on a corporate level is also able to create an order of competitiveness in the sector

Novel Interactome of \u3cem\u3eSaccharomyces cerevisiae\u3c/em\u3e Myosin Type II Identified by a Modified Integrated Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (iMYTH) Screen

Nonmuscle myosin type II (Myo1p) is required for cytokinesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Loss of Myo1p activity has been associated with growth abnormalities and enhanced sensitivity to osmotic stress, making it an appealing antifungal therapeutic target. The Myo1p tail-only domain was previously reported to have functional activity equivalent to the full-length Myo1p whereas the head-only domain did not. Since Myo1p tail-only constructs are biologically active, the tail domain must have additional functions beyond its previously described role in myosin dimerization or trimerization. The identification of new Myo1p-interacting proteins may shed light on the other functions of the Myo1p tail domain. To identify novel Myo1p-interacting proteins, and determine if Myo1p can serve as a scaffold to recruit proteins to the bud neck during cytokinesis, we used the integrated split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid (iMYTH) system. Myo1p was iMYTH-tagged at its C-terminus, and screened against both cDNA and genomic prey libraries to identify interacting proteins. Control experiments showed that the Myo1p-bait construct was appropriately expressed, and that the protein colocalized to the yeast bud neck. Thirty novel Myo1p-interacting proteins were identified by iMYTH. Eight proteins were confirmed by coprecipitation (Ape2, Bzz1, Fba1, Pdi1, Rpl5, Tah11, and Trx2) or mass spectrometry (AP-MS) (Abp1). The novel Myo1p-interacting proteins identified come from a range of different processes, including cellular organization and protein synthesis. Actin assembly/disassembly factors such as the SH3 domain protein Bzz1 and the actin-binding protein Abp1 represent likely Myo1p interactions during cytokinesis

Harnessing high density lipoproteins to block transforming growth factor beta and to inhibit the growth of liver tumor metastases

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a powerful promoter of cancer progression and a key target for antitumor therapy. As cancer cells exhibit active cholesterol metabolism, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) appear as an attractive delivery system for anticancer TGFβ-inhibitory molecules. We constructed a plasmid encoding a potent TGF-β-blocking peptide (P144) linked to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) through a flexible linker (pApoLinkerP144). The ApoLinkerP144 sequence was then incorporated into a hepatotropic adeno-associated vector (AAVApoLinkerP144). The aim was to induce hepatocytes to produce HDLs containing a modified ApoA-I capable of blocking TGF-β. We observed that transduction of the murine liver with pApoLinkerP144 led to the appearance of a fraction of circulating HDL containing the fusion protein. These HDLs were able to attenuate TGF-β signaling in the liver and to enhance IL-12 -mediated IFN-γ production. Treatment of liver metastasis of MC38 colorectal cancer with AAVApoLinkerP144 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth and enhanced expression of IFN-γ and GM-CSF in cancerous tissue. ApoLinkerP144 also delayed MC38 liver metastasis in Rag2-/-IL2rγ-/- immunodeficient mice. This effect was associated with downregulation of TGF-β target genes essential for metastatic niche conditioning. Finally, in a subset of ret transgenic mice, a model of aggressive spontaneous metastatic melanoma, AAVApoLinkerP144 delayed tumor growth in association with increased CD8+ T cell numbers in regional lymph nodes. In conclusion, modification of HDLs to transport TGF-β-blocking molecules is a novel and promising approach to inhibit the growth of liver metastases by immunological and non-immunological mechanisms

Virtual pathway explorer (viPEr) and pathway enrichment analysis tool (PEANuT): creating and analyzing focus networks to identify cross-talk between molecules and pathways

BACKGROUND: Interpreting large-scale studies from microarrays or next-generation sequencing for further experimental testing remains one of the major challenges in quantitative biology. Combining expression with physical or genetic interaction data has already been successfully applied to enhance knowledge from all types of high-throughput studies. Yet, toolboxes for navigating and understanding even small gene or protein networks are poorly developed. RESULTS: We introduce two Cytoscape plug-ins, which support the generation and interpretation of experiment-based interaction networks. The virtual pathway explorer viPEr creates so-called focus networks by joining a list of experimentally determined genes with the interactome of a specific organism. viPEr calculates all paths between two or more user-selected nodes, or explores the neighborhood of a single selected node. Numerical values from expression studies assigned to the nodes serve to score identified paths. The pathway enrichment analysis tool PEANuT annotates networks with pathway information from various sources and calculates enriched pathways between a focus and a background network. Using time series expression data of atorvastatin treated primary hepatocytes from six patients, we demonstrate the handling and applicability of viPEr and PEANuT. Based on our investigations using viPEr and PEANuT, we suggest a role of the FoxA1/A2/A3 transcriptional network in the cellular response to atorvastatin treatment. Moreover, we find an enrichment of metabolic and cancer pathways in the Fox transcriptional network and demonstrate a patient-specific reaction to the drug. CONCLUSIONS: The Cytoscape plug-in viPEr integrates –omics data with interactome data. It supports the interpretation and navigation of large-scale datasets by creating focus networks, facilitating mechanistic predictions from –omics studies. PEANuT provides an up-front method to identify underlying biological principles by calculating enriched pathways in focus networks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2017-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Retinal pigment epithelium extracellular vesicles are potent inducers of age‐related macular degeneration disease phenotype in the outer retina

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. Vision loss is caused by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors atrophy and/or retinal and choroidal angiogenesis. Here we use AMD patient-specific RPE cells with the Complement Factor H Y402H high-risk polymorphism to perform a comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), their cargo and role in disease pathology. We show that AMD RPE is characterised by enhanced polarised EV secretion. Multi-omics analyses demonstrate that AMD RPE EVs carry RNA, proteins and lipids, which mediate key AMD features including oxidative stress, cytoskeletal dysfunction, angiogenesis and drusen accumulation. Moreover, AMD RPE EVs induce amyloid fibril formation, revealing their role in drusen formation. We demonstrate that exposure of control RPE to AMD RPE apical EVs leads to the acquisition of AMD features such as stress vacuoles, cytoskeletal destabilization and abnormalities in the morphology of the nucleus. Retinal organoid treatment with apical AMD RPE EVs leads to disrupted neuroepithelium and the appearance of cytoprotective alpha B crystallin immunopositive cells, with some co-expressing retinal progenitor cell markers Pax6/Vsx2, suggesting injury-induced regenerative pathways activation. These findings indicate that AMD RPE EVs are potent inducers of AMD phenotype in the neighbouring RPE and retinal cells

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July