166 research outputs found
Quantum gates using electronic and nuclear spins of Yb in a magnetic field gradient
An efficient scheme is proposed to carry out gate operations on an array of
trapped Yb ions, based on a previous proposal using both electronic and
nuclear degrees of freedom in a magnetic field gradient. For this purpose we
consider the Paschen-Back regime (strong magnetic field) and employ a
high-field approximation in this treatment. We show the possibility to suppress
the unwanted coupling between the electron spins by appropriately swapping
states between electronic and nuclear spins. The feasibility of generating the
required high magnetic field is discussed
Quantum Gates and Memory using Microwave Dressed States
Trapped atomic ions have been successfully used for demonstrating basic
elements of universal quantum information processing (QIP). Nevertheless,
scaling up of these methods and techniques to achieve large scale universal
QIP, or more specialized quantum simulations remains challenging. The use of
easily controllable and stable microwave sources instead of complex laser
systems on the other hand promises to remove obstacles to scalability.
Important remaining drawbacks in this approach are the use of magnetic field
sensitive states, which shorten coherence times considerably, and the
requirement to create large stable magnetic field gradients. Here, we present
theoretically a novel approach based on dressing magnetic field sensitive
states with microwave fields which addresses both issues and permits fast
quantum logic. We experimentally demonstrate basic building blocks of this
scheme to show that these dressed states are long-lived and coherence times are
increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to bare magnetic field
sensitive states. This changes decisively the prospect of microwave-driven ion
trap QIP and offers a new route to extend coherence times for all systems that
suffer from magnetic noise such as neutral atoms, NV-centres, quantum dots, or
circuit-QED systems.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
The Sound Sensation of Apical Electric Stimulation in Cochlear Implant Recipients with Contralateral Residual Hearing
BACKGROUND: Studies using vocoders as acoustic simulators of cochlear implants have generally focused on simulation of speech understanding, gender recognition, or music appreciation. The aim of the present experiment was to study the auditory sensation perceived by cochlear implant (CI) recipients with steady electrical stimulation on the most-apical electrode. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Five unilateral CI users with contralateral residual hearing were asked to vary the parameters of an acoustic signal played to the non-implanted ear, in order to match its sensation to that of the electric stimulus. They also provided a rating of similarity between each acoustic sound they selected and the electric stimulus. On average across subjects, the sound rated as most similar was a complex signal with a concentration of energy around 523 Hz. This sound was inharmonic in 3 out of 5 subjects with a moderate, progressive increase in the spacing between the frequency components. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: For these subjects, the sound sensation created by steady electric stimulation on the most-apical electrode was neither a white noise nor a pure tone, but a complex signal with a progressive increase in the spacing between the frequency components in 3 out of 5 subjects. Knowing whether the inharmonic nature of the sound was related to the fact that the non-implanted ear was impaired has to be explored in single-sided deafened patients with a contralateral CI. These results may be used in the future to better understand peripheral and central auditory processing in relation to cochlear implants
Corrigendum: 'Nanopore-only assemblies for genomic surveillance of the global priority drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae'.
In the published version of the article, there were errors in the read accessions provided in Table S1, which are now fixed. The updated file (TableS1_v2_13March2023.csv) can be accessed on Figshare using the DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19745608. Furthermore, we would like to correct the following sentence in the Data Summary section of the published version: ‘Illumina reads have been deposited in the NCBI SRA, under the BioProject ID: PRJEB6891, and ONT reads (SUP basecalled) have been deposited under BioProject PRJNA646837.’ The sentence should read: ‘Illumina and ONT reads have been deposited in the NCBI SRA, under the BioProject IDs: PRJEB6891, PRJNA646837 and PRJNA351909.’
Primary care management of diabetes in a low/middle income country: A multi-method, qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to care
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The management of patients with diabetes mellitus is complex. Some research has been done in developed countries to attempt to determine the factors that influence quality of care of patients with diabetes: Factors thus far postulated are usually categorised into patient, clinician and organisational factors. Our study sought to discover the main barriers and facilitators to care in the management of diabetes in primary care in a low/middle income country.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A qualitative study, based on reflexive ethnography using participant observation, semi-structured interviews of clinicians (10) and group interviews with paramedical staff (4) and patients (12) in three purposively sampled health centres, along with informal observation and discussions at over 50 other health centres throughout Tunisia. A content analysis of the data was performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over 400 potential barriers or facilitators to care of patients with diabetes in primary care in Tunisia emerged. Overall, the most common cited factor was the availability of medication at the health centre. Other frequently observed organisational factors were the existence of chronic disease clinics and clinicians workload. The most commonly mentioned health professional factor was doctor motivation. Frequently cited patient factors were financial issues, patient education and compliance and attendance issues. There were notable differences in the priority given to the various factors by the researcher, physicians, paramedical staff and the patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have discovered a large number of potential barriers and facilitators to care that may potentially be influencing the care of patients with diabetes within primary care in Tunisia, a low/middle income country. An appreciation and understanding of these factors is essential in order to develop culturally appropriate interventions to improve the care of people with diabetes.</p
The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization
Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation
Inhibition of Progenitor Dendritic Cell Maturation by Plasma from Patients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Role in Pregnancy-associated Heart Disease
Dendritic cells (DCs) play dual roles in innate and adaptive immunity based
on their functional maturity, and both innate and adaptive immune responses have
been implicated in myocardial tissue remodeling associated with
cardiomyopathies. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder which
affects women within one month antepartum to five months postpartum. A high
occurrence of PPCM in central Haiti (1 in 300 live births) provided the unique
opportunity to study the relationship of immune activation and DC maturation
to the etiology of this disorder. Plasma samples from two groups (n = 12) of
age- and parity-matched Haitian women with or without evidence of PPCM were
tested for levels of biomarkers of cardiac tissue remodeling and immune
activation. Significantly elevated levels of GM-CSF, endothelin-1, proBNP and
CRP and decreased levels of TGF- were measured in PPCM subjects relative
to controls. Yet despite these findings, in vitro maturation of normal human
cord blood derived progenitor dendritic cells (CBDCs) was significantly
reduced (p < 0.001) in the presence of plasma from PPCM patients relative
to plasma from post-partum control subjects as determined by expression of
CD80, CD86, CD83, CCR7, MHC class II and the ability of these matured CBDCs
to induce allo-responses in PBMCs. These results represent the first findings
linking inhibition of DC maturation to the dysregulation of normal physiologic
cardiac
tissue remodeling during pregnancy and the pathogenesis of PPCM
Isolation and Culture of a Marine Bacterium Degrading the Sulfated Fucans from Marine Brown Algae
A nationwide postal survey on the perception of Malaysian public healthcare providers on family medicine specialists’ (PERMFAMS) clinical performance, professional attitudes and research visibility
Abundance of the Quorum-Sensing Factor Ax21 in Four Strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Correlates with Mortality Rate in a New Zebrafish Model of Infection
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative pathogen with emerging nosocomial incidence. Little is known about its pathogenesis and the genomic diversity exhibited by clinical isolates complicates the study of pathogenicity and virulence factors. Here, we present a strategy to identify such factors in new clinical isolates of S. maltophilia, incorporating an adult-zebrafish model of S. maltophilia infection to evaluate relative virulence coupled to 2D difference gel electrophoresis to explore underlying differences in protein expression. In this study we report upon three recent clinical isolates and use the collection strain ATCC13637 as a reference. The adult-zebrafish model shows discrimination capacity, i.e. from very low to very high mortality rates, with clinical symptoms very similar to those observed in natural S. maltophilia infections in fish. Strain virulence correlates with resistance to human serum, in agreement with previous studies in mouse and rat and therefore supporting zebrafish as a replacement model. Despite its clinical origin, the collection strain ATCC13637 showed obvious signs of attenuation in zebrafish, with null mortality. Multilocus-sequence-typing analysis revealed that the most virulent strains, UV74 and M30, exhibit the strongest genetic similitude. Differential proteomic analysis led to the identification of 38 proteins with significantly different abundance in the three clinical strains relative to the reference strain. Orthologs of several of these proteins have been already reported to have a role in pathogenesis, virulence or resistance mechanisms thus supporting our strategy. Proof of concept is further provided by protein Ax21, whose abundance is shown here to be directly proportional to mortality in the zebrafish infection model. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that this protein is a quorum-sensing-related virulence factor
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