Do enviesamento inflacionista ao inflation targeting : uma revisão da literatura

Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraO regime de il!flation talgeting tem vindo a constituir, ao longo dos últimos anos, uma alternativa de condução da política monetária cuja popularidade, quer a um nível mais teórico, quer através da sua aplicação a um crescente número de países, merece análise. Ao longo deste trabalho procurar-se-ão encontrar as razões que possam justificar a opção por um regime desta natureza, num estudo que abordará essencialmente a descrição das suas principais características, mas que igualmente analisará a evolução quer académica, quer no que à sua real aplicação prática diz respeito, que o tratamento do próprio fenómeno inflacionista tem vindo a sofrer desde a década de 70 aos nossos dias. Será dado principal destaque à questão da inconsistência temporal da política monetária e, por essa via, ao enviesamento inflacionista que dela decorre, apresentando-se as principais soluções que têm sido propostas para a sua resolução, nomeadamente as que com o regime de inflation ta/xelins mais directamente se relacionam. O trabalho em causa opta por seguir uma abordagem revisionista, citando as opiniões de vários autores sobre os diversos temas em debate, tentando desta forma albergar um vasto conjunto de questões, procurando, se for caso disso, analisar em cada uma delas as diferentes perspectivas em disputa.Inflation targeting has become, through the years, an alternative way of conduction of monetary policy whose popularity, both in a theoreácían levei, and through its application in a growing number of countries, deserves to be analyzed. Through this work, Ill try to Emd out the reasons which can justify the option for a regime of this nature, in a study that will essentially approach a description of its main features, but that will also analyze the academic and practical evolution which the inflationary phenomenon has been sufféring from the 70's unál today. It will be given main attention to the question of the time inconsistency of monetary policy and to the inflation bias that elapses from it, presenting the main solutions that have been proposed for its resolution, especially the ones most direcdy related to the inflation targeáng regime. This work opts to follow a revisionist boarding, citing the opinions of some authors on the diverse subjects in debate, trying to gather a vast set of questions and seeking, if that's the case, to analyze in each of them the different perspectives in dispute.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications