Equidad en el deporte y en la educación física

How to cite: Ramírez-Marrero, F. A., Martínez, L. del R. & Nazario, N. (2002). Equidad en el deporte y en la educación física. Pedagogía, 36(1), 55-71.Cómo citar: Ramírez-Marrero, F. A., Martínez, L. del R. & Nazario, N. (2002). Equidad en el deporte y en la educación física. Pedagogía, 36(1), 55-71

Enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido, aisladas en hemocultivos de pacientes atendidos en diferentes áreas hospitalarias

Antimicrobial resistance caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family is a global public health problem. ESBLs are enzymes that confer resistance to first, second, third and fourth generation penicillins and cephalosporins, which are expressed in greater proportion in gram-negative bacteria. Objective: To characterize ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures of patients treated in different areas of the Isidro Ayora General Hospital in Loja, period 2019-2020. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional documentary study. The sample consisted of 114 isolates. Results: The most frequent variables of the study were female sex (54.4%), adult age group (39.5%) with a mean age of 45 years. The prevalent bacterial species were Klebsiella spp., (43.9%) and Escherichia. coli (39.5%), followed by Enterobacter spp., (6.1%), Salmonella spp., (3.5%), Citrobacter freundii (2.6%), Proteus mirabilis (1.8%), Morganella morganii (1.8%) and Serratia marcescens (0.9%). According to antimicrobial susceptibility, there was high resistance to all tested beta-lactams, while sensitivity to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems was present. The predominant species were Klebsiella spp., in Hospitalization and Escherichia coli in Emergency. Of all the species Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli are ESBL (32.5%). Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is considered a serious health problem. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish ESBL prevention, control, and dissemination measures to reduce drug resistance and provide effective treatment.La resistencia antimicrobiana causada por miembros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Las BLEE son enzimas que confieren resistencia a penicilinas y cefalosporinas de primera, segunda, tercera y cuarta generación, mismas que se expresan en mayor proporción en bacterias gramnegativas. Objetivo: Caracterizar enterobacterias productoras de BLEE en hemocultivos de pacientes atendidos en diferentes áreas del Hospital General Isidro Ayora de Loja, periodo 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio documental cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 114 aislamientos. Resultados:  Las variables más frecuentes del estudio fueron, sexo femenino (54,4%), grupo etario adulto (39,5%) con edad media de 45 años. Las especies bacterianas prevalentes fueron Klebsiella spp., (43,9%) y Escherichia. coli (39,5%), seguidas de Enterobacter spp., (6,1%), Salmonella spp., (3,5%), Citrobacter freundii (2,6%), Proteus mirabilis (1,8%), Morganella morganii (1,8%) y Serratia marcescens (0,9%). Según la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, existió alta resistencia a todos los betalactámicos probados, mientras que a los aminoglucósidos, fluoroquinolonas y carbapenémicos presentaron sensibilidad. Las especies predominantes fueron Klebsiella spp., en Hospitalización y Escherichia coli en Emergencia. De todas las especies Klebsiella spp., y Escherichia coli son BLEE (32,5%). Conclusiones: La resistencia a los antimicrobianos causada por Enterobacterias productoras de BLEE se considera un problema de salud grave. Por ello, es importante evaluar y establecer medidas de prevención, control y difusión de las BLEE para reducir la farmacorresistencia y proporcionar un tratamiento eficaz

Risk factors associated with negative in-vivo diagnostic results in bovine tuberculosis-infected cattle in Spain

BACKGROUND Despite great effort and investment incurred over decades to control bovine tuberculosis (bTB), it is still one of the most important zoonotic diseases in many areas of the world. Test-and-slaughter strategies, the basis of most bTB eradication programs carried out worldwide, have demonstrated its usefulness in the control of the disease. However, in certain countries, eradication has not been achieved due in part to limitations of currently available diagnostic tests. In this study, results of in-vivo and post-mortem diagnostic tests performed on 3,614 animals from 152 bTB-infected cattle herds (beef, dairy, and bullfighting) detected in 2007-2010 in the region of Castilla y León, Spain, were analyzed to identify factors associated with positive bacteriological results in cattle that were non-reactors to the single intradermal tuberculin test, to the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay, or to both tests applied in parallel (Test negative/Culture + animals, T-/C+). The association of individual factors (age, productive type, and number of herd-tests performed since the disclosure of the outbreak) with the bacteriology outcome (positive/negative) was analyzed using a mixed multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The proportion of non-reactors with a positive post-mortem result ranged from 24.3% in the case of the SIT test to 12.9% (IFN-γ with 0.05 threshold) and 11.9% (95% CI 9.9-11.4%) using both tests in parallel. Older (>4.5 years) and bullfighting cattle were associated with increased odds of confirmed bTB infection by bacteriology, whereas dairy cattle showed a significantly lower risk. Ancillary use of IFN-γ assay reduced the proportion of T-/C + animals in high risk groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the likelihood of positive bacteriological results in non-reactor cattle is influenced by individual epidemiological factors of tested animals. Increased surveillance on non-reactors with an increased probability of being false negative could be helpful to avoid bTB persistence, particularly in chronically infected herds. These findings may aid in the development of effective strategies for eradication of bTB in Spain

Tuberculosis en gatos domésticos de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina

La tuberculosis en felinos es causada principalmente por Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), micobacteria zoonótica con amplio rango de hospedadores susceptibles. La provincia de Santa Fe, principal cuenca lechera del país, tiene la mayor cantidad de casos de tuberculosis zoonótica y animal. La tuberculosis animal por M. bovis es cada vez más comunicada en otras especies diferentes a los bovinos, como son los recientes reportes en felinos domésticos. La transmisión en los felinos puede ser tanto aerógena (entre gatos o por contacto con animales infectados) como digestiva (más común en felinos urbanos, por consumo de vísceras contaminadas). El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar casos de M. bovis en felinos de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, y describir los diferentes genotipos presentes en esta población.Trabajo publicado en Cagliada, Maria del Pilar Lilia y Galosi, Cecilia Mónica (comps.). I Congreso de Microbiología Veterinaria. Libro de resúmenes. La Plata: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2021.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Discourse Analysis and Terminology in Languages for Specific Purposes

Aquest importantíssim recull conté estudis i reflexions sobre temes rellevants en la recerca sobre LSP: anglès mèdic, el llenguatge de la publicitat i periodístic, telecomunicacions i terminologia informàtica, llenguatge comercial i jurídic... Malgrat que gran part dels treballs aplegats es refereixen a l'anglès, també hi ha que tracten l'alemany, francès i altres llengües. Conté textos en anglès, francés, portuguès i castellà

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S