457 research outputs found

    Computing wildfire behaviour metrics from CFD simulation data

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    In this article, we demonstrate a new post-processing methodology which can be used to analyse CFD wildfire simulation outputs in a model-independent manner. CFD models produce a great deal of quantitative output but require additional post-processing to calculate commonly used wildfire behaviour metrics. Such post-processing has so far been model specific. Our method takes advantage of the 3D renderings that are a common output from such models and provides a means of calculating important fire metrics such as rate of spread and flame height using image processing techniques. This approach can be applied similarly to different models and to real world fire behaviour datasets, thus providing a new framework for model validation. Furthermore, obtained information is not limited to average values over the complete domain but spatially and temporally explicit metric distributions are provided. This feature supports posterior statistical analyses, ultimately contributing to more detailed and rigorous fire behaviour studies.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Main specifications of CFD codes for WUIVIEW activities

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    CFD simulations will be the core activity of the WUVIEW performance based fire safety analysis. The purpose of this document is to provide WUIVIEW partners with a general overview of the CFD codes to be used in the Action. The general simulation framework is described, particularly highlighting data inputs and scenario description requirements, to be developed in subsequent WUIVIEW WPs. This TN provides the technical foundations and main specifications of the databases to be designed within the WUIVIEW working program (ongoing action by UPC).Postprint (updated version

    Aspectos fiscales en la transmisión de la empresa familiar

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    [ES] Con este trabajo se pretende entender más a fondo el problema que sufren un enorme número de empresas de índole familiar, esenciales para la economía nacional e internacional, con el tratamiento fiscal que reciben en las transmisiones en forma de sucesiones o donaciones. Se ha procurado profundizar en un tema de gran repercusión hoy en día; primero entendiendo la importancia de este tipo de entidades para después ver con mayor profundidad cómo les afecta este impuesto, observando también las diferencias entre las distintas comunidades autónomas de nuestro país.[EN] This research aims to understand more deeply the problem suffered by a huge number of family businesses related to the tax treatment that these organizations receive in transmissions as inheritances or donations. The family businesses are very important for the national and international economy and that is why we have tried to deepen in a subject of great repercussion. First, we start by understanding the importance of this type of entities and then we analyze in depth how this tax affects them, observing as well the differences between the different regions of our country.Martínez Mata, M. (2019). Aspectos fiscales en la transmisión de la empresa familiar. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/119256TFG

    Histología dental de los homininos de la sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, España) y patrón de estrategia de vida

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    En esta investigación estudiamos el número de perikymata y su distribución en todas las piezas dentales, la periodicidad entre estrías de Retzius y el desarrollo dental relativo empleando el teorema de Bayes de los homininos de Atapuerca (Burgos, España). Concretamente estudiamos el hominino de Sima del Elefante (~1,2 Ma), H. antecessor de Gran Dolina-TD6 (~0,86 Ma) y los homininos de la Sima de los Huesos (~0,46 Ma). Nuestros datos indican que el desarrollo dental de los homininos de Atapuerca era más rápido que el de los humanos modernos. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado diferencias en la media de los tiempos de formación del esmalte entre Neandertales y los homininos de la Sima de los Huesos, a pesar de que sus molares presentan un número de perikymata diferente. Además, el desarrollo dental presenta una evolución en mosaico, y que los Neandertales parecen tener una distribución única de perikymata.In this research we studied the number of perikymata and the distribution of perikymata in all teeth, the periodicity between Retzius striae and and relative dental development using the Bayes theorem of the Atapuerca hominins (Burgos, Spain). Specifically, we studied the Sima del Elefante hominin (~1.2 Ma), H. antecessor of Gran Dolina-TD6 (~0.86 Ma) and the Sima de los Huesos hominins (~0.46 Ma). Our data indicate that the dental development of the Atapuerca hominins was faster than that of modern humans. However, no differences were found in the average lateral enamel formation times between Sima de los Huesos and Neandertals, despite their molars present variation in the perikymata counts. A mosaic evolutionary pattern has been observed in the dental development

    Diseño de una locomotora eléctrica para servicios de mercancías

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    ¿Cuál es el estado a día de hoy del transporte de mercancías por ferrocarril en España? Éste puede ser un buen punto de partida para elaborar un trabajo que refleje la situación del sector mediante el análisis de los precedentes que han conducido a la situación actual y sobre todo, de los planes o actuaciones que se están llevando a cabo y de los que próximamente puedan dar resultados, esperemos, positivos. Dentro de las renovaciones que se están llevando a cabo, una parte esencial lo conforman esas grandes actuaciones que se acaban de citar, y que tienen como objetivo el resurgimiento de un sector que desde la revolución del transporte por carretera a mediados del siglo pasado ha ido perdiendo adeptos en favor de los miles de camiones que hoy circulan, no sólo por España, sino también por el resto del continente europeo. No obstante, otra parte importante son los propios medios que el ferrocarril tiene para llevar a término su tarea, y que en este trabajo se centrarán en el material rodante de mercancías y en su evolución, hasta llegar a los últimos diseños de locomotoras que circulan hoy por nuestras vías. Es precisamente uno de estos últimos modelos el que se procederá a analizar, la locomotora modelo Traxx de la empresa canadiense Bombardier, que es nombrada en nuestro país como serie 253 y que tiene una numerosa representación en el parque motor de Renfe Operadora y en la empresa de transporte de mercancías Comsa Rail Transport. Mediante un proceso de diseño 3D y obtención de planos y posterior simulación por medios informáticos, se tendrá una visión más detallada de la misma en el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado.Which is the actual state of the Spanish freight rail? This can be a good starting point for developing a work that reflects the state of the sector by analyzing the precedents that have led to the current situation and especially the plans or operations being carried out and that can yield results soon, hopefully, positive. Among the renovations being carried out, an essential part of what make these great performances that just cited, and whose aim is the revival of a sector that the road transport, from the revolution of middle of the last century has been won in favor of the thousands of trucks that circulate today, not only for Spain but also for the rest of Europe. However, another important question is the way that the railroad has to complete its tasks, and in this paper we focus on freight rolling stock and its evolution up to the latest designs of locomotives currently circulating on our railways. It's precisely one of the latest models which will now analyze, the last locomotive of the Canadian company Bombardier, named Traxx, which is known in our country as S-253 and has a large representation in the Renfe Operadora park and in the enterprise Comsa Rail Transport. Through a process of obtaining 3D design drawings and later by computer simulation, we may have a more detailed view of it in this Final Grado Work.Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriale

    Performance analysis of a self-protection system for vehicles in case of WUI fire entrapment

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    Sheltering inside a civilian vehicle has proved to be a high risk strategy in case of wildfire entrapment. Survival is by no means guaranteed, especially in moderate to high-intensity wildfires. However, vehicles do offer a certain degree of fire protection, which can be reinforced by ad-hoc fire resistant technology. In this paper, we present the experimental performance analysis of a self-protection system that has been designed to protect people’s life in case of fire entrapment. Similar to a firefighter fire shelter, the designed system can be quickly deployed covering the whole vehicle. In case of fire exposure, this fabric provides additional heat protection to the occupants and the vehicle itself. An experimental burning was designed in order to simulate real fire exposure conditions in case of vehicle entrapment in a rural road. An ex-situ 2-m high fuel bed composed of Pinus halepensis fine logging slash was arranged in a 13 m long x 6 m wide area. Fire was ignited at one end of the fuel bed and spread driven by an induced constant air flow (3 m/s midflame wind speed). 2.8 m away from the other fuel bed end, a car covered with the fire protection fabric was placed, parallel to the fire. Data analysis provided mean values of fire rate of spread (2 m/s), fireline intensity (1800 kW/m), flame height (6.5 m), flame tilt angle (30º), flame depth (2 m), flame temperature (800 ºC) and flame emissive power (47.5 kW/m2 ). Maximum air temperatures inside the vehicle ranged around 41-42.5 ºC during a period between 20 min and 35 min after ignition. A thermocouple in contact with the internal side of the driver’s window registered a maximum value of 47.3 ºC. These results evidenced the good performance of the fabric when protecting eventual vehicle occupants against thermal exposure from wildfires of moderate intensity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Alignment of Islamic Banking Sustainability Indicators with Sustainable Development Goals: Policy Recommendations for Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic

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    Artigo publicado em revista científica internacionalThis study aims to establish the link of key Islamic banking sustainability indicators with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) as a policy recommendation for sustainable development and to mitigate the distressing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triple bottom line (people, planet, and profit). To identify the key Islamic banking sustainability indicators, the authors selected the most cited sustainability measurement indexes in Islamic banking. Initially, the indexes were divided into 10 broader themes, and then the key Islamic banking sustainability indicators were shortlisted from each theme based on their high-frequency distribution. The shortlisted sustainability indicators were then ratified to be in line with Islamic philosophy based on “Maqasid al-Shariah” (objectives of Shariah) and were subsequently grouped into the three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social sustainability based on the axial coding method. Finally, the categorized sustainability indicators were aligned with the relevant UN SDGs through the axial coding method for policy formulation, and respectively 12 propositions were developed for policy formulation. This study labeled the methodological process of this study as the ECA method (exploration, categorization, alignment). The new ECA method offers a reverse extension in the “SDG compass” developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for aligning business policies with the UN SDGs. The process of aligning Islamic banking sustainability indicators with the UN SDGs will provide a roadmap to recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of economic, environmental, and social issues. Due to the diversity of the UN SDG framework, it covers multiples aspects for sustainable development. Therefore, considering the UN SDGs in terms of various banking instruments will mitigate the multiple distressing impacts of COVID-19 on the triple bottom line (people, planet, and profit), it will also promote a sustainable development agenda.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Diseño del sistema de acondicionamiento de aire para el Auditorio Judicial Miguel Blanco Quirós del Organismo de Investigación Judicial

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    Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Mantenimiento Industrial) Insituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Mantenimiento Industrial, 2017.The purpose of this project is to design the air conditioning system for the Miguel Blanco Quirós Judicial Auditorium of the OIJ, whose problem is that there is currently a system that does not comply with the environmental aspects that the country has committed to adopt, in addition to having an age of 15 years whose deterioration has increased over time, which has caused the system to be subject to continuous repairs. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, the thermal load of the enclosure was calculated, the pipeline and duct system was sized, the generation equipment and terminal units were selected, the design drawings were drawn up and the project budget analysis was carried out, all in accordance with design criteria of the ASHRAE Standard, as well as with the legal framework that governs the health and environmental aspects in this type of designs. It was determined that the energy to be compensated by the system is 107.001,23 kcal/h (35,36 tons of refrigeration) and its calculation was verified by thermal load calculation software, which the project cost is 133.298(76.294.443,28)andthatthesavingstoimplementtheprojectis21,39 133.298 (₡ 76.294.443,28) and that the savings to implement the project is 21,39%, equivalent to about ₡ 275.498,58 per month and to ₡ 3.305.982,93 per year with respect to the system currently installed. It was determined that the project has a value of 3.769,64/Ton (₡ 2.157.589,52/Ton), a cost per area of 297,89/m2(170.500,90/m2)andacostof 297,89/m2 (₡ 170.500,90/m2) and a cost of 305,03/occupant (₡ 174.586,83/occupant).Poder Judicia

    Índice de mineralización ósea por resonancia magnética en pacientes con osteodistrofia renal

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    El término Osteodistrofia Renal (ODR) engloba al conjunto de enfermedades óseas que aparecen como consecuencia de la insuficiencia renal crónica y del tratamiento de la misma. Bajo estas condiciones es necesario evaluar continuamente la estructura y el metabolismo óseo del paciente para asignar un tratamiento oportuno. La biopsia ósea es la técnica diagnóstica con máxima certeza conocida para este padecimiento, sin embargo ésta resulta muy invasiva para el paciente y requiere de equipo especializado y de un estudio complejo. La presente tesis expone el desarrollo de una metodología para diagnosticar y evaluar la estructura y mineralización ósea en pacientes pediátricos con ODR de forma no invasiva mediante Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética (IRM) y Espectroscopia por Resonancia Magnética (ERM) de Fósforo 31P. A partir de las mediciones realizadas con RM se propone el cálculo del Índice de Mineralización Ósea (IMO) y se evalúa su capacidad diagnóstica comparando los resultados contra la biopsia ósea (estándar de oro) de 4 pacientes con trasplante renal que exhibían distintos padecimientos óseos de bajo remodelado y adicionalmente se incluyen 3 sujetos sanos para establecer los valores normales. Se distinguen cuatro posibles estados de mineralización ósea: Normal, Raquitismo/Osteomalacia, Osteopenia y Osteopenia + Raquit ismo/Osteomalacia. Los resultados obtenidos exhiben una baja sensibilidad (75%) y especificidad (66%) para el diagnóstico de Osteopenia pero valores aceptables de sensibilidad (100%) y especificidad (75%) para el diagnóstico de Osteomalacia. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los resultados no fueran los deseados se encuentran evidencias interesantes que sugieren seguir trabajando para mejorar la capacidad diagnóstica. La principal aportación de este trabajo es la demostración de que esta metodología, desarrollada con un equipo de uso clínic

    Descifrando el clima de los últimos 2,58 ma. ¿Cómo, dónde y por qué? Registros continentales y marinos

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    El estudio de los climas del pasado, especialmente de aquellos ocurridos en el Cuaternario, es fundamental para comprender tanto el funcionamiento de los procesos geoambientales actuales como su evolución en un pasado reciente sin actividad antrópica. Para realizar estos estudios nos basamos en las informaciones almacenadas en diferentes tipos de registros tanto terrestres (sedimentos lacustres, estalagmitas, turberas, anillos de árboles, etc.) como marinos (sedimentos marinos, corales, etc.). En este capítulo revisaremos las características principales de los registros paleoclimáticos del Cuaternario, incluyendo su continuidad, resolución o sensibilidad, y la metodología comúnmente aplicada a su estudio, partiendo del trabajo de campo y finalizando con las técnicas de datación más utilizadas. Por último, se describen tres ejemplos de reconstrucciones paleoambientales en la Península Ibérica atendiendo a su escala temporal: (1) los últimos 500.000 años (escala orbital) con registros marinos del Mediterráneo Occidental; (2) el final del último ciclo glaciar desde las cuevas de la costa Cantábrica; y (3) las variaciones paleohidrológicas de los últimos 2.000 años a partir de registros lacustres de paleoavenidas. Algunas ideas sobre líneas futuras de esta investigación se apuntan al final del capítulo.Departamento de Procesos Geoambientales y Cambio Global, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EspañaDepartamento de Geografía y Geología, Universidad de León, EspañaDepartamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, EspañaDepartamento de Investigación en Recursos Geológicos, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Españ
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