A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach

Background. Clusiaceae family (sensu lato) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for treating a number of disease conditions which include cancer, inflammation, and infection. The aim of this review is to report the pharmacological potential of plants of Clusiaceae family with the anti-inflammatory activity in animal experiments. Methods. A systematic review about experiments investigating anti-inflammatory activity of Clusiaceae family was carried out by searching bibliographic databases such as Medline, Scopus and Embase. In this update, the search terms were “anti-inflammatory agents,” “Clusiaceae,” and “animals, laboratory.” Results. A total of 255 publications with plants this family were identified. From the initial 255 studies, a total of 21 studies were selected for the final analysis. Studies with genera Allanblackia, Clusia, Garcinia or Rheedia, and Hypericum showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The findings include a decrease of total leukocytes, a number of neutrophils, total protein concentration, granuloma formation, and paw or ear edema formation. Other interesting findings included decreased of the MPO activity, and inflammatory mediators such as NF-κB and iNOS expression, PGE2 and Il-1β levels and a decrease in chronic inflammation. Conclusion. The data reported suggests the anti-inflammatory effect potential of Clusiaceae family in animal experiments

Reabilitação oral com facetas diretas em paciente com manchamento dental por tetraciclina – relato de caso/ Oral rehabilitation with direct faces in tetracycline dental spot patient - case report

As tetraciclinas são antibióticos de amplo espectro, que podem ser utilizados no tratamento de infecções comuns em crianças e adultos, e podem provocar descoloração e hipoplasia do esmalte dentário nas dentições decídua e permanente, caso seja administradas durante o período de desenvolvimento dentário. Pacientes com manchamento dental por tetraciclina tendem a apresentar queixas e insatisfação significativa. Diante disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o caso de reabilitação oral com facetas diretas de resina composta, em paciente que apresente manchamento dental por tetraciclina. Paciente C.F.N, do sexo masculino, 40 anos, normossistêmico, compareceu ao Complexo Odontológico São João Calábria, no Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá, no município de Quixadá, queixando-se: “de  incômodos com os dentes escuros” . Ao exame físico extra-oral não foi encontrado nada fora da normalidade. Ao exame clínico intra-oral foi observada uma coloração vermelho-rósea dos tecidos moles, indicando um estado saudável dos mesmos. Além disso, notaram-se algumas retrações gengivais e lesões cervicais não cariosas localizadas nos dentes 16 e 26; fratura dentária no dente 11, acometendo o ângulo disto incisal; e por fim, observou-se machas por tetraciclinas grau 2, onde apresentavam uma coloração moderada, que varia de amarelo-acastanhado à cinza-escuro. Com isso, foi estabelecido um plano de tratamento para o paciente, sendo realizados procedimentos de adequação oral e restaurações diretas, para a melhoria da função e da estética dentária. Por fim, conclui-se que a reabilitação oral com as facetas diretas possibilitou restaurar a harmonia do sorriso, favorecendo o aumento da autoestima, do bem-estar e da satisfação do paciente

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

New Diterpenes of the Fruits of Xylopia langsdorffiana

Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae) is popularly known as pimenteira da terra in the Northeast region of Brazil. Previous studies have reported the presence of alkaloids and diterpenes isolated from the leaves and/or stem of X. langsdorffiana. This work aimed to continue the phytochemical study of this species, using its dry and fresh fruits. Initially, the dry and powdered fruits were submitted to maceration with methanol (95%) and the extractive solution obtained was concentrated in rotatory evaporator yielding 200g of extract. A portion (150g) of the latter was partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The isolated chemical constituents were identified through the analysis of data obtained by spectroscopic methods such as Infrared and one-dimensional 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with two-dimensional techniques (COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC), besides comparison with literature data. Seven diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and dichloromethane phases of the fruits of X. langsdorffiana, being four of them known in the literature ent-atisan-7α, 16α-diol (xylodiol), ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, 13-epicupressic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-3β, 19 diol, and 3 new diterpenes ent-3β- hydroxy-labda(8)17,12Z-, 14-trien-18-oic acid, (Labdorffianic A Acid), ent-Labda 8(17)epoxy, 14 en-18-oic Acid (Labdorfianic B Acid) and ent-Labda 8(17) epoxy, 13(16), 14-Dien-18-oic acid (Labdorfianic C Acid). Since some species of Annonaceae are known to possess significant amounts of essential oils, we decided to analyze the fresh fruits of X. langsdorffia in order to obtain and analyze its essential oil. Therefore, its fresh fruits were extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and characterized with GC-MS, showing a constitution of monoterpenes (66.6%), sesquiterpenes (33.3%) and diterpenes (11.11%), being the α-pinene(37.73%) and limonene (31.42%) the major constituents. Spathulenol (1.59%) which is considered the marker for Xylopia was also detected. Thus, the results obtained in this work contributed to broaden the chemical knowledge of species of Annonaceae, especially Xylopia langsdorffiana.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESXylopia langsdorffiana St.Hil & Tul. (Annonaceae) é conhecida popularmente na região Nordeste como pimenteira da terra . Estudos prévios relataram a presença de alcalóides e diterpenos isolados das folhas e/ou caule de X. langasdorffiana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo dar continuidade ao estudo fitoquímico dessa espécie, utilizando-se seus frutos secos e frescos. Inicilamente os frutos secos e pulverizados foram submetidas à maceração com metanol e a solução extrativa obtida foi concentrada em rotaevaporador obtendo-se 200g de extrato. Uma parte (150g) deste extrato foi particionada com hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. Os constituintes químicos foram identificados através da análise de dados obtidos por métodos espectroscópicos como Infravermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H, 13C unidimensionais e técnicas bidimensionais (COSY, NOESY, HMQC e HMBC), além de comparação com dados descritos na literatura. A partir das fases hexânica e diclorometano dos frutos de X. langsdorffiana foram isolados sete diterpenos, sendo 4 conhecidos na literatura entatisan- 7α,16α-diol (xylodiol), Ácido ent-7α-hidroxitrachyloban-18-óico, Ácido 13- epicupréssico, ent-kaur-16-en-3β, 19 diol e 3 novos diterpenos Ácido ent-3β-hidroxilabda( 8)17,12Z-,14-Dien-18-óico, (ácido labdorffianico A). Ácido ent-labda 8(17)epóxi,14-en-18-óico (ácido labdorffianico B) e Ácido ent-labda 8(17)epóxi- 13,14-dien-18-óico (ácido labdorffianico C). Como várias espécies de Annonaceae são conhecidas por apresentarem quantidade significativa de óleos essenciais,decidiu-se analisar os frutos frescos de X. langsdorffia para obtenção e análise do seu óleo essencial. Para tanto, seus frutos frescos foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger e caracterizado com CG-EM, apresentando uma constituição de (66,6 %) de monoterpenos, (33,3 %) de sesquiterpenos e (11,11 %) de diterpeno, sendo o α-pineno (37,73%) e limoneno (31,42%) os constituintes majoritários e o espatulenol (1,59%) foi detectado que é considerado marcador para o gênero Xylopia. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuíram para ampliação do conhecimento químico de espécies de Annonaceae, em especial de Xylopia langsdorffiana

Constituintes químicos de Maytenus distichophylla Mart. ex Reissek

The family Celastraceae is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including North Africa, South America and Asia, particularly in China. It consists of 98 genera and about 1200 species, and in Brazil, this family is represented by four genera: Maytenus Juss., Austroplenckia Lund., Franhofera Mart. and Salacia Mart. The genus Maytenus is one of the largest family Celastraceae, and in Brazil, 76 species are recognized. Maytenus distichophylla Mart. Reissek former is used in folk medicine to treat stomach ulcers and is well adapted to semi-arid Northeast of Brazil. There are no reports of phytochemical and pharmacological study with this species. The aim of this work was to contribute to the phytochemical study of plants of the Brazilian Northeast through the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from leaves and roots of Maytenus distichophylla. Was used for both adsorption and partition chromatography on columns, thin layer chromatography on analytical and preparative. M. distichophylla was collected in the municipality of Maturéia-PB, and identified by Prof.. Dr. Maria de Fátima Agra. The powder obtained from the leaves and roots was subjected to maceration with methanol for 72 hours to yield the methanolic solution which was concentrated on rotaevaporator to give the methanol extract. Leaf extract was partitioned generating phases hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The chloroform phase and ethyl acetate was subjected to chromatographic procedures known pentacyclic triterpenes six isolating the series friedelano, 3β-friedelinol, fridelina 3-oxo-12α-hidroxifriedelano 3-oxo-29α-hidroxifriedelano 3-oxo-30β-hidroxifriedelano and a new natural product the 6β, 12α-dihydroxy-friedelan-1 en-3,16,21-trione called maytensifolona. The chloroform phase roots of M. distichophylla was subjected to Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The group of fractions 115-121 was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography obtaining two sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids known to wilforina and ebinifolina. Thus, these data corroborate the chemical composition of other species of Maytenus and contribute to the chemical knowledge of M. distichophylla.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESA família Celastraceae distribui-se nas regiões tropical e subtropical, incluindo no norte da África, América do Sul e Ásia, particularmente na China. É constituída por 98 gêneros e aproximadamente 1200 espécies, sendo que no Brasil, esta família é representada por quatro gêneros: Maytenus Juss., Austroplenckia Lund., Franhofera Mart. e Salacia Mart.. O gênero Maytenus é um dos maiores da família Celastraceae e, no Brasil, são reconhecidas 76 espécies. Maytenus distichophylla Mart. ex Reissek é utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de úlceras estomacais e é bem adaptada ao semi-árido nordestino do Brasil. Não há nenhum relato de estudo fitoquímico e farmacológico com essa espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi contribuir com o estudo fitoquímico de plantas do Nordeste Brasileiro através do isolamento e identificação dos constituintes químicos das folhas e raízes de Maytenus distichophylla. Para tanto foi utilizado cromatografias de adsorção e partição em colunas, cromatografias em camada delgada analítica e preparativa. M. distichophylla foi coletada no município de Maturéia- PB, e identificada pela Prof. Dra. Maria de Fátima Agra. O pó obtido das folhas e raízes foi submetido à maceração com metanol durante 72 horas, obtendo-se a solução metanolica, que foi concentrada em rotaevaporador obtendo-se o extrato metanolico. O extrato das folhas foi particionado gerando as fases hexanica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila. A fase clorofórmica e acetato de etila foi submetida a procedimentos cromatograficos isolando seis triterpenos pentacíclicos conhecidos da serie friedelano, 3β-friedelinol, fridelina, 3-oxo-12α-hidroxifriedelano, 3-oxo-29-hidroxifriedelano, 3-oxo-30β-hidroxifriedelano e um novo produto natural o 6β,12α-dihidroxi-friedelan-1en-3,16,21-triona denominado maytensifolona. A fase clorofórmica das raízes de M. distichophylla, foi submetida a Cromatografia Liquida de Média Pressão. O grupo de frações 115-121 foi submetida a Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência obtendo-se dois alcaloides sesquiterpenos piridinicos conhecidos a wilforina e ebinifolina. Dessa forma, esses dados corroboram com a constituição química de outras espécies de Maytenus e contribuem para o conhecimento químico de M. distichophylla