Ecología del paisaje de la región hidrológica prioritaria no. 53 Río San Juan y Río Pesquería (CONABIO), Nuevo León, México.

La cuenca del Río Bravo se considera la más importante para Nuevo León y el Noreste de México, ya que sostiene el desarrollo socioeconómico y urbano de esta región, y contempla la Región Hidrológica Prioritaria No. 53 (RHP), uno de los sistemas riparios vitales para mantener equilibrio ecosistémico de la región, sin embargo, debido a los cambios de uso del suelo se han ocasionado problemas y riesgos ambientales. El presente estudio consistió en analizar los cambios espacio-temporales del paisaje en la Región Hidrológica Prioritaria No. 53 (RHP), durante el periodo de 1976 a 2011 con el fin de establecer la dinámica de cambio de uso de suelo para identificar las posibles tendencias de modificación del paisaje. Para ello se empleó el análisis espacial de la cartografía de INEGI e INF. A través del Sistema de Información Geográfica Idrisi Selva se generaron matrices de transición y tasas de cambio para los periodos (1976-1993, 1993-2000 y 2000- 2011); así mismo, se analizaron métricas del paisaje que permitieron definir la estructura del paisaje y proponer una red de conectividad estructural. Los tipos de uso de suelo y vegetación más representativos en el año 1976 fueron el matorral (76%), cultivos (19%) y pastizales (2%); sin embargo, en 2011 se observaron cambios significativos en su cobertura, el más afectado fue el matorral registrando una pérdida del 30% de su superficie original y tasas de cambio negativas de 1976 a 2011. Por otra parte, los cultivos y pastizales incrementaron en aproximadamente 15 y 7% respectivamente y mostraron las tasas de cambio positivas más altas debido a la alta actividad agropecuaria de la zona, lo cual indica un proceso de desmatorralización inducido por un incremento en el grado de antropización. La composición del paisaje de la RHP ha variado denotando una alta fragmentación y reducido su heterogeneidad paisajística, de manera general la forma de los fragmentos es más irregular registrándose un aumento en el Índice de forma (MSI) indicando que a medida que aumenta su valor los fragmentos están perdiendo su forma de núcleo tendiendo a ser más vulnerables; el número de fragmentos decreció en un 25 % aproximadamente (1993-2000) y aumento el tamaño promedio de los mismos (60 %). Por otro lado, las coberturas con mayor impacto fueron los pastizales mostrando un aumento en la superficie así como en el número y tamaño de los fragmentos, tendiendo a ser más irregulares pero disminuyendo su efecto de borde. Por otra parte, los matorrales fueron los que mayor fragmentación mostraron, presentaron una pérdida de superficie y dispersión a nivel de paisaje, por lo que se recomienda contemplar acciones de mitigación, por ser una de las comunidades que mayor diversidad biológica posee. En el caso de otras coberturas (Área urbana) aumentó su representatividad en el periodo de 1993 incrementando el número de fragmentos y disminuyendo el tamaño de estos, sin embargo dicha se revierte a partir del periodo 2000 indicando un crecimiento y consolidación del Área Urbana. ABSTRACT The Rio Bravo watershed (RBW) is considered one of the most important area in northeast Mexico because its economic and urban development relevance; however, recent pressure by the land use change has led to environmental problems. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal land use changes over time at the Prioritized Hydrologic Region (PHR) No. 54 from 1976 to 2011 in order to understand the dynamics and patterns of land use. The cartographic information from two government agencies (National Institute for Geography a Statistics and the National Forest Inventory) was used. A spatial analysis of cartography was carried out by using the Geographic Information System Idrisi Selva, transition matrixes and change rates were calculated for the time periods 1976-1993, 1993-2000 and 2000-2011. Landscape structure was analyzed by using Patch Analyst and V-LATE extensions for ArcGIS. Several landscape metrics were used so measure the patterns of fragmentation, including: number of patches, mean patch size, shape index, edge density, and mean nearest neighbor, Shannon diversity. In 1976 the most representative land uses were scrubland (76%), agriculture (19%) and grassland (2%); however, in 2011 the most affected land use was the scrubland area, that decreased 30 % and showed the highest negative change rate in all time periods. Agriculture and grassland increased by almost 15% and 7%, respectively, which is explained by the agricultural development and urbanization, promoted the removal of vegetation in scrublands. The landscape structure and configuration of the RHP has been transformed, undergoing spatial and temporal changes, overall, during the 1976-2011 time period, the patches size is more irregular, in the overall 1976–2011 time period, the patch number (PN) decreased by 30 %, the significant decreased occurred between 1993 and 2000. The mean patch size (MPS) increased by 60 %, indicating that landscape has undergone homogenization. Regarding the shape of patches, the mean shape index (MSI) and edge density (ED) increased from 1976 to 2011, patches became more irregular and complex, the core area was reduced and the perimeter increased, making patches more vulnerable. On the class scale, Grasslands and Agriculture recorded the greater changes, the number and size of patches increased and became more irregular (MSI). The most fragmented class was Shrublands, the total area occupied decreased by 25 %, the values of MNN index became higher every time period, and making fragments more sparse and distant. Urban areas increased in number as new urban areas were established; however the MPS index recorded lower values, indicating an expansion of urban areas

Resumen de PAR-MEX en IberLEF 2022: Tarea Compartida para la Detección de Paráfrasis en Español

Paraphrase detection is an important unresolved task in natural language processing; especially in the Spanish language. In order to address this issue, and contribute to the creation of high-performance paraphrase detection automated systems, we propose a shared task called PAR-MEX. For this task, we created a corpus, in Spanish, with topics in the domain of Mexican gastronomy. Afterwards, the participants in this task submitted their classification results on our corpus. In this paper we explain the steps followed for the creation of the corpus, we summarize the results obtained by the various participants, and propose some conclusions regarding the paraphrase-detection task in Spanish.La detección de paráfrasis es una tarea importante no resuelta en procesamiento del lenguaje natural; especialmente en la lengua española. Para atacar este problema, y para contribuir a la creación de sistemas de detección automática que obtengan resultados competitivos, proponemos la tarea compartida llamada PAR-MEX. Para esto, creamos un corpus en español con temas dentro del campo semántico de gastronomía mexicana. Después los participantes en esta tarea enviaron los resultados de sus sistemas de clasificación sobre nuestro corpus. En este paper explicamos los pasos seguidos para la creación del corpus, resumimos los resultados obtenidos por los participantes, y proponemos algunas conclusiones al respecto de la detección de paráfrasis en español.We acknowledge the support of the projects CONACyT CB A1-S-27780, and DGAPA-UNAM PAPIIT references TA400121 and TA101722

Factores asociados a la prevalencia de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en funcionarios de una universidad pública de Ibagué - Colombia.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y los factores asociados en una población de funcionarios administrativos de una Universidad Pública del municipio de Ibagué (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal, con una muestra de 171 funcionarios administrativos, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 65 años, durante el segundo semestre del año 2016. Se calculó la prevalencia de ERGE, se utilizó la prueba chi2 para determinar la asociación entre la ERGE y factores específicos, se halló el OR y para las variables estadísticamente significativas se utilizaron las medidas de riesgo atribuible (FEp y FEe). Resultados: El 58,5% (100) eran mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 42,5 años (DE +/-  10,3 años), 24,6% (42) presentaron ERGE, 57,9% (99) tenían IMC anormal (>25 kg/m2), y 16,4% (28) tuvieron antecedente de tabaquismo. La ERGE se asoció significativamente a IMC anormal (p: 0,016. OR: 2,58 (IC: 1,171-5,459)) y a tabaquismo (p: 0,046, OR: 2,188 (IC: 1,003-4,771), el riesgo atribuible para estas variables fue: IMC anormal (FEp: 0,44 y FEe: 0,60) y Tabaquismo (FEp: 0,18 y FEe: 0,54). Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una prevalencia del 24,6% de ERGE en funcionarios administrativos, lo que indica que una cuarta parte de la población está afectada. En cuanto a los factores asociados, el IMC anormal y el tabaquismo fueron los más representativos

Therapeutic alternatives for the prevention of intra peritoneal adhesions

Intestinal adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue created by the intimate contact of two injured surface tissues; these appear in 93% of the patient undergoing intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal surgery. The comorbidities associated with the formation of adhesions have an impact on quality care offered to patients, leading to an increase in healthcare. Goals of this study was to perform a review that includes different therapeutic alternatives in basic and clinical research to prevent the formation of postoperative abdominal peritoneal adhesions. A bibliographic search was conducted in different databases including Pub med, Medline, Cochrane, science direct, from the years 2000 to 2018 using the keywords: gastrointestinal adhesions, small bowel obstruction, prophylaxis, treatment. Only experimental and clinical articles were selected. The development of peritoneal adhesions in most of the experimental studies occurred with cecal abrasion, studying the effect of biodegradable materials, drugs and gels such as mXG Hydrogel. Nanofiber membranes, agents created with recombinant technology such as periostin antisense oligonucleotide and aerosol applications such as polysaccharide 4DryField PH, are positioned to replace in the future the actual limited mechanical barriers application commonly used in abdominal surgery such as seprafilm and interceed. There are several anti-adhesion agents in experimental phase with different mechanism of action that could be used in the short term to prevent the formation of post-surgical intestinal adhesions. The inclusion of gastrointestinal surgeons in basic research is increasing and necessary with multidisciplinary collaboration. It is expected in short term the study and development of a greater number of materials to minimize tissue trauma and decrease the formation of post-surgical adhesions

Correlation Analysis of People Attitude and the Development of Chemical Processes in the Human Body

This chemical science investigation was made to efficiently understand the way in which ionic substances operate in the human body and its correlation that they can have with the attitude of people, whose evaluation was carried out according to the analysis of three actions developed in the human body, such as digestion factors, family, work and social relationships (emotional actions) and the health of 10 people surveyed in the city of Tijuana, Baja California. This evaluation had a main hypothesis at the beginning of the investigation, indicating that, of the three factors mentioned, the one that links emotions had the greatest effect on the behavior of the people evaluated, with the aspect of family and work relationships being of primary importance; followed by the health factor and finally the digestion factor. This scientific study included an analysis of three principal aspects, being first the daily food as a nutrition action, followed a chemical analysis of ionic substances of the human body of the 10 persons evaluated. In addition, the third aspect evaluated was the emotional state of the people and a clinic with the urine analysis were considered to indicate the pH, temperature and oxygen level of each person, with which the main chemical elements of the ionic substances that can circulate through the human body were obtained, as part of the food intake. and drinks, emotional factor and digestion. This scientific study was made from March to May of 2023

Efficacy of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a 3-month follow-up analysis

Objectives: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can affect up to 63% of all patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess quality of life as well as efficacy and safety of naloxegol, in patients with cancer with OIC. Methods: An observational study was made of a cohort of patients with cancer and with OIC exhibiting an inadequate response to laxatives and treated with naloxegol. The sample consisted of adult outpatients with a Karnofsky performance status score ≥50. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) were applied for 3 months. Results: A total of 126 patients (58.2% males) with a mean age of 61.3 years (range 34-89) were included. Clinically relevant improvements (>0.5 points) were recorded in the PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM questionnaires (p<0.0001) from 15 days of treatment. The number of days a week with complete spontaneous bowel movements increased significantly (p<0.0001) from 2.4 to 4.6 on day 15, 4.7 after 1 month and 5 after 3 months. Pain control significantly improved (p<0.0001) during follow-up. A total of 13.5% of the patients (17/126) presented some gastrointestinal adverse reaction, mostly of mild (62.5%) or moderate intensity (25%). Conclusions: Clinically relevant improvements in OIC-related quality of life, number of bowel movements and constipation-related symptoms were recorded as early as after 15 days of treatment with naloxegol in patients with cancer and OIC, with a good safety profile

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Correction: Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Article Number: 44 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00351-w Published: OCT 26 2020Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.Peer reviewe