Island Grammar-based Parsing using GLL and Tom

International audienceExtending a language by embedding within it another language presents significant parsing challenges, especially if the embedding is recursive. The composite grammar is likely to be nondeterministic as a result of tokens that are valid in both the host and the embedded language. In this paper we examine the challenges of embedding the Tom language into a variety of general-purpose high level languages. Tom provides syntax and semantics for advanced pattern matching and tree rewriting facilities. Embedded Tom constructs are translated into the host language by a preprocessor, the output of which is a composite program written purely in the host language. Tom implementations exist for Java, C, C#, Python and Caml. The current parser is complex and difficult to maintain. In this paper, we describe how Tom can be parsed using island grammars implemented with the Generalised LL (GLL) parsing algorithm. The grammar is, as might be expected, ambiguous. Extracting the correct derivation relies on our disambiguation strategy which is based on pattern matching within the parse forest. We describe different classes of ambiguity and propose patterns for resolving them

EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update

Recent insights in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitated updating the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) RA management recommendations. A large international Task Force based decisions on evidence from 3 systematic literature reviews, developing 4 overarching principles and 12 recommendations (vs 3 and 14, respectively, in 2013). The recommendations address conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine); glucocorticoids (GC); biological (b) DMARDs (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab), abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, clazakizumab, sarilumab and sirukumab and biosimilar (bs) DMARDs) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs (Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib). Monotherapy, combination therapy, treatment strategies (treat-to-target) and the targets of sustained clinical remission (as defined by the American College of Rheumatology-(ACR)-EULAR Boolean or index criteria) or low disease activity are discussed. Cost aspects were taken into consideration. As first strategy, the Task Force recommends MTX (rapid escalation to 25 mg/week) plus short-term GC, aiming at >50% improvement within 3 and target attainment within 6 months. If this fails stratification is recommended. Without unfavourable prognostic markers, switching to—or adding—another csDMARDs (plus short-term GC) is suggested. In the presence of unfavourable prognostic markers (autoantibodies, high disease activity, early erosions, failure of 2 csDMARDs), any bDMARD (current practice) or Jak-inhibitor should be added to the csDMARD. If this fails, any other bDMARD or tsDMARD is recommended. If a patient is in sustained remission, bDMARDs can be tapered. For each recommendation, levels of evidence and Task Force agreement are provided, both mostly very high. These recommendations intend informing rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies, hospital officials, social security agencies and regulators about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA, aimed at attaining best outcomes with current therapies

Applying model transformation and Event-B for specifying an industrial DSL Applying Model Transformation and Event-B for Specifying an Industrial DSL

Abstract. In this paper we describe our experience in applying the Event-B formalism for specifying the dynamic semantics of a real-life industrial DSL. The main objective of this work is to enable the industrial use of the broad spectrum of specification analysis tools that support Event-B. To leverage the usage of Event-B and its analysis techniques we developed model transformations, that allowed for automatic generation of Event-B specifications of the DSL programs. The model transformations implement a modular approach for specifying the semantics of the DSL and, therefore, improve scalability of the specifications and the reuse of their verification

Dissenya, construeix i vola UAV

[EN] The first objective of this project is to design an airplane that can fly statically stable and has a low enough stall speed to be hand launched. The design must also meet all the requirements as stated below. Also, the design will be simulated using the Merlin simulator to validate the dynamic characteristics. The maximum occurring mechanical stresses must be calculated for the design and based on those measurements, the most suitable building materials will be chosen. There must be a complete set of technical drawings. A production plan must also be made.[ES] Este curso llamado "Design, Build and Fly" un grupo de 5 estudiantes va a diseñar, construir y volar un UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) que tiene como objetivo transportar y dejar caer en vuelo estable un paquete de alimentos de máximo 4 kilogramos en una localización determinada. Además, este vehículo va a construirse con materiales compuestos y su envergadura no debe medir más de 2 metros. El despegue consta de lanzar manualmente dicho UAV por una persona del grupo y se aplicarán los requisitos de la EASA CS-23 tanto para el ascenso como para la resistencia estructural del ala. Finalmente, la maniobra de aterrizaje tiene que realizarse correctamente sin ningún daño. El objetivo de dicho curso es hacer todo el proceso de diseño y construcción correctamente para, posteriormente, poder realizar un vuelo exitoso, siendo este último el resultado deseado. Es una oportunidad de poder poner en práctica todos los conocimientos adquiridos durante la carrera, además de vivir, conocer y aprender otras formas de estudiar y trabajar con alumnos internacionales.Ivars Martínez, J.; Duineveld, M.; Martens, J.; Van Der Horst, M.; Manders, G. (2022). Design, build and fly UAV. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/186065TFG

Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+ E. coli

International audienceVarious species of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with the development of colorectal cancer(1,2), but it has not been demonstrated that bacteria have a direct role in the occurrence of oncogenic mutations. Escherichia coli can carry the pathogenicity island pks, which encodes a set of enzymes that synthesize colibactin(3). This compound is believed to alkylate DNA on adenine residues(4,5) and induces double-strand breaks in cultured cells(3). Here we expose human intestinal organoids to genotoxic pks(+)E. coli by repeated luminal injection over five months. Whole-genome sequencing of clonal organoids before and after this exposure revealed a distinct mutational signature that was absent from organoids injected with isogenic pks-mutant bacteria. The same mutational signature was detected in a subset of 5,876 human cancer genomes from two independent cohorts, predominantly in colorectal cancer. Our study describes a distinct mutational signature in colorectal cancer and implies that the underlying mutational process results directly from past exposure to bacteria carrying the colibactin-producing pks pathogenicity island.Organoids derived from human intestinal cells that are co-cultured with bacteria carrying the genotoxic pks(+) island develop a distinct mutational signature associated with colorectal cancer