Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Microthrix parvicella in SBR-Anlagen

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Vorkommen von Microthrix parvicella in SBR-Anlagen. SBR-Anlagen bieten eine gute Umgebung für das Wachstum von M. parvicella. Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der sehr geringen Belastung < 0,05 kg BSB5/(kg TS∙d) sind bisher nur in begrenzter Anzahl vorhanden. Deswegen werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit 13 SBR-Anlagen, davon einige mit simultaner aerober Schlammstabilisierung, in Deutschland mikroskopisch untersucht, um Microthrix parvicella zu bestimmen. Der Einfluss der Vorfällung mit AlCl3 auf das Wachstum von M. parvicella wurde auch ermittelt.This present study detects the occurrence of Microthrix parvicella in SBR. SBR offer due to their operation mode and the low sludge load a good environment for the growth of Microthrix parvicella. Studies about the effect of the low loads < 0.05 kg BOD5/(kg TSS∙d) on this bacterium are still limited. Therefore, in the course of this work 13 SBR in Germany with simultaneous aerobic sludge stabilization are studied and samples are investigated under microscope to determine Microthrix parvicella. The influence of the pre-precipitation of AlCl3 on the growth of Microthrix parvicella is shown

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persepsi Milenial Sebagai Viewer terhadap YouTuber Gaming di Batam

The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the factors that influence the perception of the millennial generation as YouTuber gaming viewers in Batam. The technique used to collect data is a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the research show that from the 14 indicators analyzed, 4 new factors were formed, namely: impact on viewers, content sharing, audience perceptions of YouTuber videos, and benefits received. After analysis, the most dominant factor influencing the perception of the millennial generation as viewers towards gaming YouTubers in Batam is the impact on viewers, with a variance value of 22.169%.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi generasi milenial sebagai penonton YouTuber gaming di Batam. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 indikator yang dianalisis, terdapat 4 faktor baru yang terbentuk, yaitu: dampak terhadap penonton, pembagian konten, persepsi penonton terhadap video YouTuber, dan manfaat yang diterima. Setelah dianalisis, faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi persepsi generasi milenial sebagai penonton terhadap YouTuber gaming di Batam adalah dampak terhadap penonton, dengan nilai variansi sebesar 22,169%

Prevalence of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm on MR Angiography

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of incidentally found unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) on the brain MR angiography (MRA) from a community-based general hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospectively collected retrospective study, carried out from January 2004 to December 2004. The subjects included 3049 persons from a community-based hospital in whom MRA was performed according to a standardized protocol in an outpatient setting. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of UIAs was calculated. The results by MRA were compared with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. Results: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms were found in 137 (5%) of the 3049 patients (M:F = 43:94; mean age, 60.2 years). The prevalence of UIAs was 5 % (n = 94) in women and 4 % (n = 43) in men, respectively (p = 0.2046) and showed no age-related increase. The most common site of aneurysm was at the distal internal carotid artery (n = 64, 39%), followed by the middle cerebral artery (n = 40, 24%). In total, 99 % of aneurysms measured less than 12 mm, and 93 % of aneurysms measured less than 7 mm. Direct comparisons between MRA and DSA were available in 70 patients with 83 UIAs; the results revealed two false positive and two false negative results. Conclusion: This community-hospital based study suggested a higher prevalence of UIAs observed by MRA than previously reported. These findings should be anticipated in the design and use of neuroimaging in clinical practice. Index terms: MR angiography; Intracranial aneurysm; Prevalenc

An evaluation of physical and augmented patient-specific intracranial aneurysm simulators on microsurgical clipping performance and skills: a randomized controlled study

Objective: In the era of flow diversion, there is an increasing demand to train neurosurgeons outside the operating room in safely performing clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. This study introduces a clip training simulation platform for residents and aspiring cerebrovascular neurosurgeons, with the aim to visualize peri-aneurysm anatomy and train virtual clipping applications on the matching physical aneurysm cases. Methods: Novel, cost-efficient techniques allow the fabrication of realistic aneurysm phantom models and the additional integration of holographic augmented reality (AR) simulations. Specialists preselected suitable and unsuitable clips for each of the 5 patient-specific models, which were then used in a standardized protocol involving 9 resident participants. Participants underwent four sessions of clip applications on the models, receiving no interim training (control), a video review session (video), or a video review session and holographic clip simulation training (video + AR) between sessions 2 and 3. The study evaluated objective microsurgical skills, which included clip selection, number of clip applications, active simulation time, wrist tremor analysis during simulations, and occlusion efficacy. Aneurysm occlusions of the reference sessions were assessed by indocyanine green videoangiography, as well as conventional and photon-counting CT scans. Results: A total of 180 clipping procedures were performed without technical complications. The measurements of the active simulation times showed a 39% improvement for all participants. A median of 2 clip application attempts per case was required during the final session, with significant improvement observed in experienced residents (postgraduate year 5 or 6). Wrist tremor improved by 29% overall. The objectively assessed aneurysm occlusion rate (Raymond-Roy class 1) improved from 76% to 80% overall, even reaching 93% in the extensively trained cohort (video + AR) (p = 0.046). Conclusions: The authors introduce a newly developed simulator training platform combining physical and holographic aneurysm clipping simulators. The development of exchangeable, aneurysm-comprising housings allows objective radio-anatomical evaluation through conventional and photon-counting CT scans. Measurable performance metrics serve to objectively document improvements in microsurgical skills and surgical confidence. Moreover, the different training levels enable a training program tailored to the cerebrovascular trainees' levels of experience and needs

Assessing and augmenting SCADA cyber security: a survey of techniques

SCADA systems monitor and control critical infrastructures of national importance such as power generation and distribution, water supply, transportation networks, and manufacturing facilities. The pervasiveness, miniaturisations and declining costs of internet connectivity have transformed these systems from strictly isolated to highly interconnected networks. The connectivity provides immense benefits such as reliability, scalability and remote connectivity, but at the same time exposes an otherwise isolated and secure system, to global cyber security threats. This inevitable transformation to highly connected systems thus necessitates effective security safeguards to be in place as any compromise or downtime of SCADA systems can have severe economic, safety and security ramifications. One way to ensure vital asset protection is to adopt a viewpoint similar to an attacker to determine weaknesses and loopholes in defences. Such mind sets help to identify and fix potential breaches before their exploitation. This paper surveys tools and techniques to uncover SCADA system vulnerabilities. A comprehensive review of the selected approaches is provided along with their applicability

Diffusion-weighted MR neurography for the assessment of brachial plexopathy in oncological practice

Background: To evaluate diffusion-weighted MR neurography (DW-MRN) for visualizing the brachial plexus and for the assessment of brachial plexopathy. Methods: 40 oncological patients with symptoms of brachial plexopathy underwent 1.5 T MRI using conventional MR sequences and unidirectional DW-MRN. The images were independently reviewed by two radiologists. Anatomic visualization of the brachial plexus was scored using a 5 point scale on conventional MR sequences and then combined with DW-MRN. A brachial plexus abnormality was also scored using a 5 point scale and inter-observer agreement determined by kappa statistics. Diagnostic accuracy for brachial plexopathy assessed by conventional MRI alone versus conventional MRI combined with DW-MRN was compared by ROC analysis using reference standards. Results: DW-MRN significantly improved visualization of the brachial plexus compared with conventional MRI alone (P <0.001). When assessing brachial plexopathy, inter-observer agreement was moderate for conventional MRI (kappa = 0.48) but good for conventional MRI with DW-MRN (kappa = 0.62). DW-MRN combined with conventional MRI significantly improved diagnostic accuracy in one observer (P <0.05) but was similar in the other observer. Conclusion: DW-MRN improved visualization of the brachial plexus. Combining DW-MRN with conventional MRI can improve inter-observer agreement and detection of brachial plexopathy in symptomatic oncological patients

Evidence‐based guideline: Neuromuscular ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence‐based guideline for the use of neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Two questions were asked: (1) What is the accuracy of median nerve cross‐sectional area enlargement as measured with ultrasound for the diagnosis of CTS? (2) What added value, if any, does neuromuscular ultrasound provide over electrodiagnostic studies alone for the diagnosis of CTS? A systematic review was performed, and studies were classified according to American Academy of Neurology criteria for rating articles of diagnostic accuracy (question 1) and for screening articles (question 2). Results: Neuromuscular ultrasound measurement of median nerve cross‐sectional area at the wrist is accurate and may be offered as a diagnostic test for CTS (Level A). Neuromuscular ultrasound probably adds value to electrodiagnostic studies when diagnosing CTS and should be considered in screening for structural abnormalities at the wrist in those with CTS (Level B). Muscle Nerve 46: 287–293, 2012Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92446/1/23389_ftp.pd

Magnetic resonance imaging for detecting root avulsions in traumatic adult brachial plexus injuries: protocol for a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy

Background Adult brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are becoming more common. The reconstruction and prognosis of pre-ganglionic injuries (root avulsions) are different to other types of BPI injury. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being used to identify root avulsions, but the evidence from studies of its diagnostic accuracy are conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review is needed to address uncertainty about the accuracy of MRI and to guide future research. Methods We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases alongside reference tracking. We will include studies of adults with traumatic BPI which report the accuracy of preoperative MRI (index test) against surgical exploration of the roots of the brachial plexus (reference standard) for detecting either of the two target conditions (any root avulsion or any pseudomeningocoele as a surrogate marker of root avulsion). We will exclude case reports, articles considering bilateral injuries and studies where the number of true positives, false positives, false negatives and true negatives cannot be derived. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using a tailored version of the QUADAS-2 tool. Where possible, a bivariate model will be used for meta-analysis to obtain summary sensitivities and specificities for both target conditions. We will investigate heterogeneity in the performance of MRI according to field strength and the risk of bias if data permits. Discussion This review will summarise the current diagnostic accuracy of MRI for adult BPI, identify shortcomings and gaps in the literature and so help to guide future research

Etude de l'arrière-effet de l'enfouissement de différentes substances organiques en vue de l'amélioration de sols ferrugineux dégradés

Study of the backward effect of the burying of different organic substances with a view to the improvement of degraded ferruginous soils. With the help of a se ries of incubation in vitro, we have proved, the weak of a peat and the "starter" effect of poultry droppings mixed with this peat. Trials in the open fields allowed us to study the interaction between peat and other substances biologically more active namely poultry droppings, groundnut-tops and horse manure. The first year of the experimentation, the results showed the depressive action of the peat on account of the increase of the reorganization of nitrogen andphosphorous. Nevertheless, the results of the following rainy season (1987) (Study of backward effect) show the disappearance of the depressive effect of the peat. As a matter of tact we have noticed no important difference between the treatments enriched by only falling substances (droppings and tops) and those enriched by a mixture (peat x tops). The results of the 1988 rainy season put the stress on the lasting quality of the residual effect of the peat, because the yield of the treatment (B) enriched only by peat is placed at the same level as the yield after the contribution of groundnut-tops and it is significantly superior at the 5 % level to that of poultry droppings