Electron temperature measurements using rail probe on the tokamak GOLEM

Bakalářská práce se věnuje problematice měření parametrů okrajového plazmatu novým typem sondy, takzvanou kolejnicovou (rail) sondou. Výhodou této sondy je, že díky své konstrukci dokáže odolat i extrémně vysokým tepelným tokům a současně se chová jako Langmuirova sonda pro určitý nenulový úhel dopadajících magnetických siločar. Práce shrnuje základy fyziky Langmuirovy sondy a stěnové vrstvy. Vyvinutý a zkonstruovaný manipulátor umožňuje naklánění hlavice, která obsahuje rail sondu, klasickou Langmuirovu a také ball-pen sondu. Komparativní měření elektronové teploty pomocí všech uvedených sond prokazuje dobrou vzájemnou shodu. Dále je zkoumána závislost získaných parametrů plazmatu na úhlu náklonu hlavice. Naměřená data jsou srovnána s 2D PIC simulací provedené pro tokamak GOLEM. Tyto 2D PIC simulace budou nezbytnou součástí vývoje rail sondy pro tokamak COMPASS Upgrade.This bachelor thesis is devoted to the problem of measurement of edge plasma parameters with a new type of probe, the so-called rail probe. The advantage of this probe is that thanks to its design it can withstand extremely high heat fluxes and at the same time behaves as a proud Langmuir probe for a certain non-zero angle of incident field lines. The thesis summarises the fundamental physics of the Langmuir probe and sheath expansion. A manipulator was developed and constructed to allow tilting of the probe head, which includes a proud Langmuir probe and a ball-pen probe in addition to the rail probe. Comparative measurements of the electron temperature using all of these probes are presented and show conformity. The dependence of the obtained plasma parameters on the head tilt angle is also investigated. The measured data are compared with a 2D PIC simulation performed for a GOLEM tokamak. These 2D PIC simulations will be an essential part of the rail probe's development for the COMPASS Upgrade tokamak

Aid Effectiveness in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case Study Investigating the Factors Influencing Ineffective Aid

This article examines aid effectiveness in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It first discusses how to best measure aid effectiveness. Then, it investigates several contributing factors to the DRC’s current developmental predicaments. To accomplish these, the concepts of Paul Collier’s traps, Erik Reinert’s development theory, and the indicators of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness are utilised as explanatory tools. These variables are combined to seek a holistic approach in investigating the reasons behind the lack of aid effectiveness. A history of conflict is explored and constructs a setting for the DRC’s precarious reality and it is argued that the DRC’s sustained, long-term conflict is one of the main reasons for aid ineffectiveness. Furthermore, the state of industry and the idea of welfare colonialism as detrimental to aid effectiveness in the context of the DRC are explored. Additionally, an investigation of the implementation of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the actions of donor countries is provided. This leads to a critique of the practical implementation of aid in the DRC. The conclusion argues for an overall lack of aid effectiveness which has been aggravated by long-term conflict, poor governance, lack of industry, and a dysfunctional Paris Declaration

Occupational therapy in Oman: the impact of cultural dissonance

Occupational therapy theory and philosophy are broadly considered to be based on Western cultural values. In contrast, the application of theory and practice in the Sultanate of Oman, historically based on traditional Middle Eastern and Islamic cultural values, provides a case exemplar, which highlights both paradigmatic differences andcultural dissonance. Drawing on the experiences of occupational therapists working in Oman, this study found that the application of therapeutic goals aimed at patient independence and autonomy were difficult to achieve in an environment where family duty and responsibility for care were highly prized. Dressing and cooking assessments werechallenging, and issues related to gender proved problematic. Therapists found the need to adapt practice to acknowledge these differences, and to adopt pragmatic problem-solving strategies, without resolving the underpinning philosophical contradictions. Occupational therapy in Oman is under-researched; further work is needed to confirm the cross-cultural validity of specific assessments and practice models

Contemporary genetic technologies and female reproduction

BACKGROUNDThe Fifth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting discussed knowledge regarding contemporary genetics in female reproduction.METHODSSpecialist reproductive medicine clinicians and geneticists delivered presentations based on published literature and current research. The content of this report is based on the expert presentations and subsequent group discussions that took place during this Workshop.RESULTSNumerous ovarian genes with a role in infertility have been identified. Future challenges for genetic screening of patients, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency or endometriosis, include the identification of high-throughput strategies and how to apply these findings to infertile patients. The identification of high-quality embryos in IVF using objective technologies remains a high priority in order to facilitate single-embryo transfer. Gene expression profiling of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte, and proteomic and metabolomic approaches in embryo culture media may significantly improve non-invasive embryo quality assessment.CONCLUSIONSThe way forward in advancing the knowledge of genes involved in reproduction was considered to be through genome-wide association studies involving large numbers of patients. Establishing international collaboration is required to enable the application of such technologies in sufficient numbers of patients

Addressing food insecurity in San Diego by providing food to low-income patients with diabetes, educating health care providers, and increasing enrollment in CalFresh

In summary, consistent access to high quality food likely represents an important facet in preventing and controlling chronic disease among vulnerable populations, and this may be especially relevant for patients with diabetes. Furthermore, CalFresh has untapped potential as an effective program, and screening tools are under-utilized by healthcare providers

Radiologic anatomy

My ISP project is a new educational tool in the form of a MedPics expansion dedicated to imaging of normal human anatomy. It serves to address: 1) the dearth of radiology exposure and education in the new Integrated Studies Curriculum; 2) the increasing need for imaging knowledge and skills; 3) some of the limitations of the current cadaveric anatomy education at UCSD School of Medicine. The project has two goals: 1) to re-integrate radiology into the pre-clinical curriculum of UCSD School of Medicine; 2) to strengthen and complement the existing anatomy curriculum of UCSD School of Medicine