14 research outputs found
Fingerprint Identification Using Noise in the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio: Retrieving the Impedance Contrast Structure for the Almaty Basin (Kazakhstan)
Detailed knowledge of the 3D basin structure underlying urban areas is of major importance for improving the assessment of seismic hazard and risk. However, mapping the major features of the shallow geological layers becomes expensive where large areas need to be covered. In this study, we propose an innovative tool, based mainly on single station noise recordings and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (H/V), to identify and locate the depth of major impedance contrasts. The method is based on an identification of so-called fingerprints of the major impedance discontinuities and their migration to depth by means of an analytical procedure. The method is applied to seismic noise recordings collected in the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan). The estimated impedance contrasts vs. depth profiles are interpolated in order to derive a three-dimensional (3D) model, which after calibration with some available boreholes data allows the major tectonic features in the subsurface to be identified
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen).
Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose
induced after allergen exposure by an IgE-mediated
inflammation of the membranes lining the nose. It is a
global health problem that causes major illness and disability
worldwide. Over 600 million patients from all
countries, all ethnic groups and of all ages suffer from
allergic rhinitis. It affects social life, sleep, school and
work and its economic impact is substantial.
Risk factors for allergic rhinitis are well identified.
Indoor and outdoor allergens as well as occupational
agents cause rhinitis and other allergic diseases.
The role of indoor and outdoor pollution is probably
very important, but has yet to be fully understood
both for the occurrence of the disease and its manifestations.
In 1999, during the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on
Asthma (ARIA) WHO workshop, the expert panel
proposed a new classification for allergic rhinitis which
was subdivided into _intermittent_ or _persistent_ disease.
This classification is now validated.
The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is often quite easy, but
in some cases it may cause problems and many patients
are still under-diagnosed, often because they do not
perceive the symptoms of rhinitis as a disease impairing
their social life, school and work.
The management of allergic rhinitis is well established
and the ARIA expert panel based its recommendations
on evidence using an extensive review of the literature
available up to December 1999. The statements of
evidence for the development of these guidelines followed
WHO rules and were based on those of Shekelle et al.
A large number of papers have been published since 2000
and are extensively reviewed in the 2008 Update using
the same evidence-based system. Recommendations for
the management of allergic rhinitis are similar in both the
ARIA workshop report and the 2008 Update. In the
future, the GRADE approach will be used, but is not yet
available.
Another important aspect of the ARIA guidelines was
to consider co-morbidities. Both allergic rhinitis and
asthma are systemic inflammatory conditions and often
co-exist in the same patients. In the 2008 Update, these
links have been confirmed.
TheARIAdocument is not intended to be a standard-ofcare
document for individual countries. It is provided as a
basis for physicians, health care professionals and
organizations involved in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
and asthma in various countries to facilitate the
development of relevant local standard-of-care documents
for patients
Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis - an ARIA-GA2LEN paper
Contains fulltext :
88489.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access
Severe chronic allergic (and related) diseases:a uniform approach - A MeDALL - GA(2)LEN - ARIA position paper
Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies