Los derechos de emisión como instrumento para alcanzar Kyoto: el caso del sector eléctrico

La firma del protocolo de Kyoto tiene el objeto de reducir la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero mediante instrumentos como el comercio de “derechos de emisión”. Cada estado europeo publica la cuantía de derechos de emisión que asigna a cada sector. En el caso de España se materializa en el Plan Nacional de Asignación (PNA) de Derechos de Emisión. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el funcionamiento del comercio de emisiones como instrumento para el cumplimiento del Protocolo de Kyoto y su influencia sobre la oferta de energía eléctrica. Adicionalmente, se observará la respuesta del gobierno al sistema eléctrico en la concesión de nuevos derechos de emisión en el nuevo Plan 2008-2012. ABSTRACT The signature of the Kyoto’s Protocol has the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, through several instruments as the market of emission rights. Each European Estate must publish the amount of rights that are assigned to each sector. In the case of Spain, this is published in the “Plan Nacional de Asignación (PNA) de Derechos de Emisión”. The aim of this work is to review the "Emission trading system" as an instrument in order to fulfil the Kyoto Protocol and its influence on the offer of electricity. In addition, we will analyse the government response to the electric industry related to the concession of new “emission rights” in the new 2008-2012 Plan.   &nbsp

Bacteria-instructed B cells cross-prime naïve CD8+ T cells triggering effective cytotoxic responses.

In addition to triggering humoral responses, conventional B cells have been described in vitro to cross-present exogenous antigens activating naïve CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, the way B cells capture these exogenous antigens and the physiological roles of B cell-mediated cross-presentation remain poorly explored. Here, we show that B cells capture bacteria by trans-phagocytosis from previously infected dendritic cells (DC) when they are in close contact. Bacterial encounter "instructs" the B cells to acquire antigen cross-presentation abilities, in a process that involves autophagy. Bacteria-instructed B cells, henceforth referred to as BacB cells, rapidly degrade phagocytosed bacteria, process bacterial antigens and cross-prime naïve CD8+ T cells which differentiate into specific cytotoxic cells that efficiently control bacterial infections. Moreover, a proof-of-concept experiment shows that BacB cells that have captured bacteria expressing tumor antigens could be useful as novel cellular immunotherapies against cancer.We are grateful to advanced light microscopy and cytometry facilities of CNB for technical supporting. The research is supported by grants: SAF2017-84091- R, and PID2020-116393RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, financed by MCIN, BFERO2020.04, financed by FERO foundation and PI20/0036 from ISCIII. RGF is supported by BES-2016-076526 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy Industry and Competitiveness, JOP is supported by fellowship LCF/BQ/SO16/ 52270012 from La Caixa, BHF is supported by FPU18/00895 and AMP by FPU18/03199 from Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. LdC has been supported by Juan de la Cierva grant IJC2018-035386-I and a contract associated to SEV-2017-0712. EVC, AMP, AMAM, and NMM belong to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)’s Cancer Hub. Synopsis image made with biorender.com by Eduardo Roman Camacho and Esteban Veiga. We thanks Prof. Dan Portnoy who kindly provided bacterial strains.S

An analysis and proposal for the work of social workers in psychopedagogical services in schools in the Valencian Autonomous Community

Los Trabajadores Sociales de Educación de la provincia de Alicante nos planteamos la necesidad de actualizar las funciones que la normativa de la, denominada en su día, Conselleria de Educación y Ciencia nos marca, dentro de los Servicios Psicopedagógicos Escolares (SPE) y Gabinetes Psicopedagógicos Municipales (GPM) de la Comunidad Autónoma Valenciana. Los motivos vienen determinados por considerar una normativa obsoleta (Orden 10 de marzo de 1995), una realidad social y educativa cambiante que determinan nuevas demandas hacia el trabajador social de educación, y la configuración de un perfil profesional que nos diferencie de otros profesionales que también intervienen en el ámbito socio-educativo. Este documento es el resultado del trabajo realizado inicialmente por un grupo de trabajadores sociales de educación (a partir de ahora TRASO) de la Provincia de Alicante y consensuado, finalmente, en el I Encuentro de Trabajadores Sociales de Educación de la Comunidad Autónoma Valenciana en diciembre de 2016.As social workers in education in the province of Alicante we consider it necessary to update our roles as described in the regulations of the Regional Council of Education and Science, within the School Psychopedagogical Services and the Municipal Educational Psychopedagogical Services of the Autonomous Community of Valencia. We propose these changes because the regulations are outdated (1995), and because of the need to reflect the changing educational and social reality. In addition, the work of social workers in the educational field has changed, and social workers need their own professional profile that is differentiated from that of other professionals who work in the field of education. This document is the result of the work of a group of social workers in the educational field in the province of Alicante. It was approved by the first meeting of social workers in the educational field in the Autonomous Community of Valencia in December of 2016

Curso abierto de ayuda para la elaboración del Trabajo Fin de Grado en los Grados en Química e Ingeniería Química

Este proyecto llevará a cabo el desarrollo de un curso abierto que sirva a los estudiantes como guía de ayuda a la hora de elaborar su Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) en los Grados de Química e Ingeniería Química. Se incluirá una descripción de herramientas que los estudiantes puedan emplear en el desarrollo de sus TFG. Éstas serán seleccionadas de acuerdo con la experiencia de los miembros del Grupo y en función de las necesidades de los estudiantes. El curso resultante se editará para libre acceso a través del portal iTunes U, de ámbito internacional, convirtiéndose en el primer curso UCM ofertado en esta plataforma (tras consulta y aprobación del Vicerrectorado de Innovación; de no ser así, se alojará en alguna otra plataforma de amplia difusión). Se aprovechará la accesibilidad ofertada a los estudiantes por iTunes U para poner a su disposición el material elaborado logrando una gran difusión, incrementándose la visibilidad internacional de la UCM. El material de ayuda elaborado para el curso se presentará tanto en español como en inglés, para facilitar su uso por alumnos visitantes de la UCM, favoreciendo la movilidad de los estudiantes en el marco del EEES. Este material también se adaptará para poder ser empleado de forma directa, totalmente o en forma de módulos, en el Campus Virtual UCM

IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to tocilizumab in COVID-19: An observational study

Background: Patients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. Objective: We sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Conclusions: Baseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administrationThis study was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant nos. RD16/0011/0012 and PI18/ 0371 to I.G.A., grant no. PI19/00549 to A.A., and grant no. SAF2017-82886-R to F.S.-M.) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The study was also funded by ‘‘La Caixa Banking Foundation’’ (grant no. HR17-00016 to F.S.-M.) and ‘‘Fondos Supera COVID19’’ by Banco de Santander and CRUE. None of these sponsors have had any role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publicatio

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

(Bio)analytical approaches for investigating the role of selenium in preventing neurological disorders and neurotoxicity induced by environmental neurotoxicants: As, Cd, and Hg

There is increasing evidence that dysfunction of essential metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) homeostasis can lead to the appearance of several NDs. Other neurotoxic environmental metal/metalloids such as As, Cd and Hg contribute to neurological diseases by interacting with neurotransmitter receptors and protein binding sites of essential elements. Analytical chemists do not remain indifferent to the impact of neurological diseases. The development of analytical techniques to evaluate the role of endogenous and exogenous metals metals/metalloids in the development of neurogenerative diseases has increased in the last few years. This review summarizes the state of the art of the (bio)analytical techniques most applied together with in vitro models to evaluate the role of elements associated with neurological disorders with special emphasis on the role of selenium in neurodegeneration and in preventing the neurotoxic effects produced by environmental neurotoxins, in particular Cd, Hg and As.Depto. de Química AnalíticaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

Selenium health benefit values and Hg and Se speciation studies for elucidating the quality and safety of highly consumed fish species and fish-derived products

Nowadays, there has been an increase in the consumption of fish-derived products that constitute alternative ways of introducing fish into the diet, such as fish roe and products made from fish (crab sticks and surimiderived products). However, there is no data available considering selenium and mercury total contents along with speciation studies in these kinds of samples, which are mandatory for a proper safety and quality assessment. In this study, Selenium Health Benefit Values (HBVSe) in fish and fish-derived products were evaluated, resulting in positive in all cases. Selenium speciation studies performed by HPLC-ICP-MS and confirmed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS revealed that SeMet and SeMeSeCys are present in fish and fish-derived products. Finally, Hg speciation studies show that the percentage of Hg2+ increases in fishes lower in the food chain as well as in fishderived products.Depto. de Química AnalíticaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

A deeper look at low‐frequency contact ultrasonic debridement in the clinical management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers

2023 Acuerdos transformativos CRUEThe current study aimed to evaluate the dispersal of solution and microbes (aerosol) in the clinical environment during treatment with Low-frequency contact ultrasonic debridement (LFCUD) with or without suction attachment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We performed 20 treatments in 10 patients divided into two groups to receive the proposed LFCUD modalities. We measured the microbial load of the environment pre-treatment (sample M1), during treatment with each LFCUD modality (sample M2) and post-treatment (sample M3). The use of LFCUD debridement without a suction attachment results in significantly higher immediate contamination of the clinic environment than the suction attachment, particularly during the procedure (1.70 ± 0.98 log 10 CFU/mL versus 0.77 ± 0.85 log 10 CFU/mL, p = 0.035). When suction is not applied, there are statistically significant differences depending on whether the DFUs are neuropathic or neuroischemic, finding a greater number of microorganisms with high loads in neuropathic DFUs. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between wound area (r = 0.450, p = 0.047) and TBI (r = 0.651, p = 0.006) with the bacterial load during the LFCUD. Based on our results, we recommend using the personal protective equipment required to protect staff members and patients during treatment with LFCUD and using a suction attachment where clinically possible to reduce clinic environmental pollution, especially in neuropathic DFUs and those with larger areas.Depto. de EnfermeríaFac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEpubAPC financiada por la UC