Comparación del cateterismo intermitente limpio vs esteril en la incidencia de infecciones urinarias en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria neuropática.

Se realizó un estudio clínico aleatorizado de 2 brazos en el periodo 2015 al 2016 con un seguimiento de 8 semanas en nuestro centro, a pacientes con VN causada por EB, los dos grupos consistían de, uno con catéteres de PVC de uso único y otro con catéteres de PVC reutilizados. Las evaluaciones se realizaron los días 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 y 56. Los participantes reportaron síntomas y se obtuvieron resultados de urocultivos. El desenlace principal fue la frecuencia de ITUs, definida como un urocultivo positivo con fiebre, dolor en flanco, malestar general, u orina turbia o maloliente. Los criterios de elección fueron edad igual o mayor a 2 años, diagnóstico de EB que realice CI limpio regular y que no tuvieran ITUs en su evaluación inici

Erodabilidad y erosión hídrica potencial en un sector de la cuenca del rio otún - colombia

Las pruebas de erodabilidad consideradas (terrón, agujero, manipulación o textura, aceptación de lluvia, efecto torsional, pérdida de suelo real y con pendiente del 9%, surcamiento) tienen relación con las pérdidas de suelo en lo referente a Material Erodable y a Volumen de Flujo Superficial; no pretenden cuantificar las pérdidas actuales o potenciales de un lugar, pero pueden servir como estimativos de la variabilidad del factor K en función de la labranza, del contenido de grava superficial, del estado de humedad del suelo y del tiempo. Para predecir el avance de la erosión laminaren porciones de suelo desnudo, Bergsma (1989) propuso un sistema semicuantitativo, cuyo principio consiste en determinar la frecuencia de aparición de seis rasgos micro topográficos superficiales después de cada lluvia y a partir de la última labor de preparación: peds resistentes, superficies erodadas, superficies de flujo, presurcos y surcos, depresiones y vegetación o piedras; la extensión de cada rasgo no pasa de 25 cm. La densidad mínima de observaciones demostró el valor práctico de las pruebas de erodabilidad requiriéndose no más de tres repeticiones por unidad de manejo. Hubo mayor proporción de suelos (8 de 12) con baja erodabilidad. La evolución de los rasgos micro topográficos superficiales reveló que en maíz, frijol y pasto de corte aumentaron paulatinamente las superficies de flujo y los presurcos; la tendencia en cebolla fue similar pero con incremento relativo de los surcos. Los sistemas de cultivo de frijol y pasto de corte fueron los de menor riesgo de erosión hídrica dado que permitieron poca pérdida de suelo en los terrenos más inestables; los de maíz y cebolla permitieron el mayor avance de la erosión en los suelos más estables.The present research seeks to determine the applicability of simple, rapid and economic methods tor comparing the soil erodability under twelve cultivation systems, and besides to record the features of rill erosion under ale crops in the watershed area of the Otún river. Here the denudation processes are common and affect a large portion of the area. The erodability tests considered (crumb, pinhole, manipulation, rain acceptance, soil loss, shear strenght) are related to soil toss with reference to erodable material and the volume of surface flow. These do not seek to quantify the actual or potential soil loss of a place, but can help in the estimation of the variability of soil erodability with the content of surface gravel, the state soil moisture content and time. To predict the advance of rill and interril erosion in bare soil, Bergsma (1989) developed a semicuantitative system with this purpose, and what is related to the presence and frequency of six microtopography soil surface features after each rain and at the end of tillage: original clods, eroding clods, depressional areas, linear flow pattern of shallow channels and deeper rills, and coverage (vegetation, gravel, etc.); each feature has a length less than 25 cm. The erodability tests demonstrate their practical value with no more than three repetitions per unit of management. There was more soils (8/12) with low erodability. The evolution of microtopograhy soil surface features showed that corn, bean and grass increased depressional areas and shallow channels; the tendency in onion was similar but with a relatibility increase in deeper rills. Bean and grass crops were the less erosion hazard uses because they let a few loss of soil at the more inestable terrains. Contrary, corn and onion are not the most recomendable uses because they allowed the biggest advance of erosion in the most stable soils

Changes of the coverage of three wetland areas in cauca valley

The objective of this project was to apply geographic information system (GIS) technology, mainly ARCGIS and ERDAS software, as a methodology to identify changes in coverage and land usage of the terrain comprising the wetlands La Bolsa, Charco de Oro, and El Pital, located in the flat zone of the Andalucia municipality, in the villages of Campo Alegre and el Salto (Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia). The study employed aerial photos from 1950 and 1998, Landsat images from 2002, and base cartography of the zone. The processes within the methodology were purged. For example, the geo-referencing of photographs, and the creation of photo-mosaics to convey an image with a better visual appearance, and easier identification of the wetlands, in such a way that when making comparisons, they reveal changes in coverage in the study zone. The usage of GIS and correct processing of satellite images will be very helpful not only to evidence changes in soil usage in wetlands, but also in different areas where use of these technologies is very unusual.El objetivo de este proyecto fue aplicar la tecnología de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), en especial los programas ARCGIS y ERDAS, como metodología para identificar los cambios de cobertura de área y uso del suelo en las zonas de los humedales la Bolsa, Charco de Oro y el Pital, localizados en la parte plana del municipio de Andalucía corregimiento de Campoalegre y El Salto (Valle del Cauca, Colombia). Para el estudio se utilizaron fotografías aéreas de 1950 y 1998, imágenes Landsat 2002 y cartografía base de la zona. Los procesos dentro de la metodología fueron depurados, un ejemplo es la georreferenciacion de las fotografías y la creación de fotomosaicos que conllevan una imagen con mejor apariencia visual y más fácil identificación de los humedales, de manera que al hacer comparaciones, aquellos arrojen cambios de cobertura en la zona de estudio. Así, la utilización de los SIG y un correcto tratamiento de las imágenes satelitales resultan de gran ayuda no sólo en la obtención de los cambios en el uso del suelo y los humedales, sino también en diferentes áreas donde la utilización de esta tecnología es poco común

Índice de potencial productivo del suelo aplicado a tres fincas ganaderas de ladera en el valle del cauca, colombia

Se evaluó el potencial productivo-PPS en suelos volcánicos de ladera de tres fincas lecheras (Nogales, Refugio y Horizonte) en Bolívar, Valle del Cauca, utilizando un indicador mixto de propiedades (físicas, químicas y de actividad biológica del suelo), conductividad térmica y el efecto de manejo con los índices de Compactación (IC) y Fertilidad (IF). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones de acuerdo con zonas homogéneas de humedad edáfica. IC fue moderado en todos los casos y PPS fue medio en las tres fincas no obstante el IF fuera alto en Nogales y moderado en Refugio y Horizonte. La correlación lineal múltiple entre parámetros indicó que IC e IF influyeron aproximadamente en un 70 % sobre PPS

Efecto del nitrato de potasio en la fuerza de adhesión de brackets

Introduction: During 2010 the degree research “Effects of potassium nitrate on shear bond strength of brackets” was carried out at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia in Bogota. Objective: To determine whether the use of desensitizing with potassium nitrate affects the bond bracket strength to enamel. Materials and Methods: Forty-five human premolar teeth were randomly allocated in three groups (n = 15 each). Group 1: control (not treated), Group 2: desensitizer treated and after 24-hour bracket bonding; Group 3: desensitizer treated and after 5-day bracket bonding. Gemini brackets and adhesive TransbondTMXT system were used. The shear bond strength was measured using Instron, a universal testing machine. Results: Average sbs ± standard deviation for control Group was 7.9 ± 1.9 MPa; Group 2 (24 hour) was 4.9 ± 3.0 MPa; and Group 3 (5 day) was 7.2 ± 4.1 MPa. The effect of desensitizer on sbs after 24 hours (p = 0.0038) was significant but after 5 days there was a relevant recovering. Conclusion: The sbs reduction was 37% in group 2 (24 hour) relative to the control. It is recommended to wait about 5 days for bonding brackets after using a desensitizer agent with potassium nitrate to avoid affecting sbs.Introducción: durante el 2010, en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bogotá, como trabajo de grado se realizó la investigación “Efecto del nitrato de potasio en la fuerza de adhesión de brackets”. Objetivo: determinar si el uso previo de desensibilizante a base de nitrato de potasio, afecta la fuerza de adhesión de brackets al esmalte. Materiales y métodos: 45 premolares humanos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente como se indica a continuación: Grupo 1: control (no tratado), Grupo 2: tratado con desensibilizante y cementación de brackets 24 horas después, y Grupo 3: tratado con desensibilizante y cementación de brackets 5 días después. Se utilizaron brackets Gemini y adhesivo TransbondTMXT. La fuerza de adhesión se midió con una máquina de ensayo universal, Instron. Resultados: la fuerza de adhesión promedio ± desviación estándar para el Grupo 1 control fue de 7,9 ± 1,9 MPa, Grupo 2 (24 horas) de 4,9 ± 3,0 MPa, y Grupo 3 (5 días) 7,2 ± 4,1 MPa. El efecto del desensibilizante sobre la fuerza de adhesión 24 horas después de su aplicación fue significativo (p = 0,0038) mientras que a los 5 días se evidencia una recuperación importante. Conclusiones: la fuerza de adhesión disminuyó un 37% al cementar los brackets a las 24 horas, respecto al grupo control. Se recomienda esperar mínimo 5 días para hacer la cementación de brackets después de usar desensibilizantes a base de nitrato de potasio para no afectar la fuerza de adhesión

Aplicación de los principios éticos en las psicologías

El propósito de este libro es ofrecer material útil para la reflexión sobre la ética pensada y aplicada en psicología. El planteamiento se centra en responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo se entienden o asumen los principios psicoéticos de beneficencia, autonomía respeto y justicia desde los presupuestos teóricos en psicología que cada autor de capítulo profesa? y, ¿cómo se visibiliza su uso en el ejercicio de la profesión? La integración de varias perspectivas y experiencias configura un caleidoscopio que recrea las miradas desde los postulados epistemológicos, antropológicos y sus finalidades en el ejercicio profesional sea el clínico, investigativo, social, etcétera.ITESO. A.C

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatmentTreatment for cancer (including bone marrow transplant) can cause oral mucositis (severe ulcers in the mouth). This painful condition can cause difficulties in eating, drinking and swallowing, and may also be associated with infections which may require the patient to stay longer in hospital. Different strategies are used to try and prevent this condition, and the review of trials found that some of these are effective. Two interventions, cryotherapy (ice chips) and keratinocyte growth factor (palifermin®) showed some benefit in preventing mucositis. Sucralfate is effective in reducing the severity of mucositis, and a further seven interventions, aloe vera, amifostine, intravenous glutamine, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), honey, laser and antibiotic lozenges containing polymixin/tobramycin/amphotericin (PTA) showed weaker evidence of benefit. These were evaluated in patients with different types of cancer, undergoing different types of cancer treatment. Benefits may be restricted to the disease and treatment combinations evaluated

Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients

BackgroundPrevious studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. MethodsProspective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. ResultsWe included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 +/- 12 vs. 54 +/- 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 +/- 12 vs. 36 +/- 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 +/- 7 vs. 18 +/- 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92-2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0-1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. ConclusionsCompared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe

Effectiveness of an mHealth intervention combining a smartphone app and smart band on body composition in an overweight and obese population: Randomized controlled trial (EVIDENT 3 study)

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. Methods: A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). Conclusions: The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect