Over-the-Counter Access to Oral Contraception: Reproductive Autonomy on Pharmacy Shelves or a Political Trojan Horse?

During the fall of 2014, in what seemed like a change of heart, Republican congressional candidates began calling for a policy that reproductive rights advocates have supported foryears. Over-the-counter ("OTC') oral contraception ("OC') became these candidates' way to connect with the women alienated by the Republican Party in recent elections. They emphasized how OTC access would allow women themselves, not employers or the government, to have control over contraceptive decisions. Liberals responded that this new effort was just a Trojan horse legalizing OTC access would not only increase the actual price tag on OC, but it would also remove OC from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ' extended insurance coverage of contraception. Additionally, reproductive rights advocates noted that it is the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA'), not Congress, that legalizes OTC drugs, and the FDA has not received any applications from drug manufacturers who want to sell OC OTC. In reality, both sides have something ofa validargument. OTC OC wouldbe an important step toward reproductive autonomy for American women. It is also correct, however, that an immediate liberalization of OTC presents several issues, economically, politically, and culturally. Despite these valid critiques, OTC access for OC is a change that is worth the time and effort to move pastpolitics and get it right, for many reasons. Requiring insurance companies and Medicaid to reimburse women for OTC OC purchases is a step toward establishing an accessible market and ensuring corresponding reproductive autonomy for women in the United States, which should accompany legalization of OTC OC

Insight & inspiration, literature that transforms: using literature that creates opportunities for greater understanding of self, others, and society

This thesis explores the impact of quality literature on students\u27 understanding about themselves, about others, and about society. It asks the questions: 1. Does reading literature with complex characters, those with internal conflicts, or issues that need to be worked out in their lives, help children define their sense of self? 2. Can the books we have our students read make a difference in the attitudes they hold about other people? 3. Does introducing students to rich themes through literature help them understand society and the contributions each child can make? The research took place over the course of a reading unit in two fourth grade classrooms in a suburban school district in the Midwest. It is a qualitative study involving interviews of two teachers and six students, classroom observations, and a review of students\u27 journals and other written work

Buhamba ou " l'ambivalence gémellaire ". Théâtre et rituel, glissements et rencontres

RÉSUMÉBuhamba ou « l'ambivalence gémellaire ». Théâtre et rituel, glissements et rencontresBuhamba est un terme luba-Shankadi qui évoque les problèmes de la naissance gémellaire considérée comme une bénédiction et un malheur dans de nombreuses traditions africaines. Référence à la duplicité de la nature et aux rites et célébrations destinés à renverser l'alté-rité des jumeaux. Buhamba a servi de point de départ et de titre à une production du Mwondo Théâtre de Lubumbashi. une troupe populaire zaïroise. Dans cette œuvre, le drame gémellaire est doublé du drame qui marque l'actualité sociopolitique des spectateurs. En suivant pas à pas la recréation de l'univers symbolique et le jeu interactif d'une performance qui a débouché sur une fête, cette recherche explore les prolongements mythiques, ludiques et politiques d'une tradition sacrée dans un cadre urbain.Mots clés : Mac Dougall. symbolisme, jumeaux, rituel, théâtre. ZaïreABSTRACTBuhamba or " The Problem of Twins ". Theater and Ritual. Slippages and EncountersBuhamba in the Luba-Shankadi language evokes the birth of twins which is considered a benediction and a misfortune in multiple African traditions. Reference to duplicitous nature and to the rituals and celebrations designed to overthrow the alterity of twins. Buhamba was the starting point and the title of a production by the Mwondo Theater of Lubumbashi. a popular Zairian company. In this work the draina of twinship is echoed by the socio-political drama of the audience's daily reality. Following step by step the recreation of the symbolic universe and the interactive play of a performance which led to a feast. this research explores the mythic. ludic. and political extensions of a sacred tradition in an urban setting.Key words : Mac Dougall. symbolism. twins, ritual. theater. Zaïr

Mirada expuesta, mirada oculta: la construcción de los personajes en torno al poder del campo visual en Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda

Resumen El presente trabajo busca indagar en torno al ejercicio de la mirada y sus implicancias al interior de la obra póstuma cervantina Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617). Entenderemos el concepto de mirada como un ejercicio que determina tanto las relaciones de poder que establecen los personajes entre sí como el desenvolvimiento de la trama novelesca.    Para llevar a cabo este análisis hemos propuesto dos categorías iniciales con las que distinguiremos las maneras en las que la mirada atraviesa el accionar de los personajes: los que son mirados y ocupan una posición central dentro del espacio de la diégesis y, por otro lado, los que miran ocultos desde los márgenes. Palabras clave: Cervantes; mirada; poder; imagen   Abstract The following project aims to reflect on the purpose of the exercise of the gaze and its implications in the posthumously published Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617). We will understand the concept of gaze as an exercise that determines both the power relations that the main characters have among themselves and also the plot development. To carry out this analysis we have proposed two initial categories that will distinguish the different ways in which the gaze determinates the actions of the characters:  those who are watched and occupy a central position within the space of the diégesis and, on the other hand, those who watch hidden from the margins. Keywords: Cervantes, gaze, power, image  Abstract The following project aims to reflect on the purpose of the exercise of the gaze and its implications in the posthumously published Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617). We will understand the concept of gaze as an exercise that determines both the power relations that the main characters have among themselves and also the plot development. To carry out this analysis we have proposed two initial categories that will distinguish the different ways in which the gaze determinates the actions of the characters:  those who are watched and occupy a central position within the space of the diégesis and, on the other hand, those who watch hidden from the margins. Keywords: Cervantes, gaze, power, image Resumen El presente trabajo busca indagar en torno al ejercicio de la mirada y sus implicancias al interior de la obra póstuma cervantina Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617). Entenderemos el concepto de mirada como un ejercicio que determina tanto las relaciones de poder que establecen los personajes entre sí como el desenvolvimiento de la trama novelesca.    Para llevar a cabo este análisis hemos propuesto dos categorías iniciales con las que distinguiremos las maneras en las que la mirada atraviesa el accionar de los personajes: los que son mirados y ocupan una posición central dentro del espacio de la diégesis y, por otro lado, los que miran ocultos desde los márgenes. Palabras clave: Cervantes; mirada; poder; image

EXAFS Analysis of Size-Constrained Semiconducting Materials

Semiconducting materials such as CdSe, CdS, PbS and GaP are included in crystalline zeolite Y and mordenite and structurally flexible ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer solid matrices. EXAFS analysis reveals formation of species with dimensions of molecular size up to ca. 13 A in the crystalline hosts, while the polymer matrices allow agglomeration of larger semiconducting particles. Zeolite anchored structures are distinctively different to small particles with bulk crystal structure as usually found in colloidal systems

Performance Factors in Dinghy Sailing: Laser Class

Despite the relationship between performance and anthropometric characteristics, strength, and endurance in the action of dinghy hiking, there is no equation to predict the position obtained in competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anthropometric characteristics, strength, and endurance on the performance of the sailor. Twenty-nine male sailors of the Laser class were evaluated according to age, navigation experience, strength and resistance tests in a simulator, body weight, size, sitting height, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, trochanteric length, thigh length, tibial length, foot length, abdominal perimeter, and upper thigh perimeter. The results show that the variables were related to performance are age, navigation experience, height, and length of the thigh. The variables that are most related to performance are age and sailing experience. Seventy-six percent of the performance can be estimated using the following equation: 311.971 + (-1.089 x height) + (-1946 x age) + (-1.537 x thigh length). Performance in the Laser class will be determined by the tactics (age and sailing experience) and the morphological characteristics of the sailor (height and sitting height)

Sensory Properties and Color Measurements of Dietary Chocolates with Different Compositions During Storage for Up to 360 Days

In this work sensory characteristics (appearance – color, brilliance, shape and surface; texture – structure, break, firmness and chewiness; aroma – odor and taste) of dietary chocolates of different compositions were evaluated, in parallel with color parameter measurements. Color was determined instrumentally on the top and bottom surfaces, using a “MINOLTA” Chroma meter CR 400 thristimulus colorimeter. Sensory evaluation was performed by a group of experienced panelists immediately after the production (0 – 30 days), and then after 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of storage under ambient conditions (t = 18 – 20°C). Results were statistically analyzed by the two-factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) and with the LSD – test. It was concluded that the storage time up to one year had statistically highly significant (p < 0.01) effects on the sensory attributes of chocolate, as well as on instrumentally measured color parameters

"I am your mother and your father!": In vitro derived gametes and the ethics of solo reproduction

In this paper, we will discuss the prospect of human reproduction achieved with gametes originating from only one person. According to statements by a minority of scientists working on the generation of gametes in vitro, it may become possible to create eggs from men’s non-reproductive cells and sperm from women’s. This would enable, at least in principle, the creation of an embryo from cells obtained from only one individual: ‘solo reproduction’. We will consider what might motivate people to reproduce in this way, and the implications that solo reproduction might have for ethics and policy. We suggest that such an innovation is unlikely to revolutionise reproduction and parenting. Indeed, in some respects it is less revolutionary than in vitro fertilisation as a whole. Furthermore, we show that solo reproduction with in vitro created gametes is not necessarily any more ethically problematic than gamete donation—and probably less so. Where appropriate, we draw parallels with the debate surrounding reproductive cloning. We note that solo reproduction may serve to perpetuate reductive geneticised accounts of reproduction, and that this may indeed be ethically questionable. However, in this it is not unique among other technologies of assisted reproduction, many of which focus on genetic transmission. It is for this reason that a ban on solo reproduction might be inconsistent with continuing to permit other kinds of reproduction that also bear the potential to strengthen attachment to a geneticised account of reproduction. Our claim is that there are at least as good reasons to pursue research towards enabling solo reproduction, and eventually to introduce solo reproduction as an option for fertility treatment, as there are to do so for other infertility related purposes

Behaviour support in dentistry: A Delphi study to agree terminology in behaviour management

Objectives: Dental behaviour support (DBS) describes all specific techniques practiced to support patients in their experience of professional oral healthcare. DBS is roughly synonymous with behaviour management, which is an outdated concept. There is no agreed terminology to specify the techniques used to support patients who receive dental care. This lack of specificity may lead to imprecision in describing, understanding, teaching, evaluating and implementing behaviour support techniques in dentistry. Therefore, this e‐Delphi study aimed to develop a list of agreed labels and descriptions of DBS techniques used in dentistry and sort them according to underlying principles of behaviour. Methods: Following a registered protocol, a modified e‐Delphi study was applied over two rounds with a final consensus meeting. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Agreed techniques were then categorized by four coders, according to behavioural learning theory, to sort techniques according to their mechanism of action. Results: The panel (n = 35) agreed on 42 DBS techniques from a total of 63 candidate labels and descriptions. Complete agreement was achieved regarding all labels and descriptions, while agreement was not achieved regarding distinctiveness for 17 techniques. In exploring underlying principles of learning, it became clear that multiple and differing principles may apply depending on the specific context and procedure in which the technique may be applied. Discussion: Experts agreed on what each DBS technique is, what label to use, and their description, but were less likely to agree on what distinguishes one technique from another. All techniques were describable but not comprehensively categorizable according to principles of learning. While objective consistency was not attained, greater clarity and consistency now exists. The resulting list of agreed terminology marks a significant foundation for future efforts towards understanding DBS techniques in research, education and clinical care