Introduction

This special issue investigates “hidden” or “invisible” Anglicisms—contact-induced items whose English origin leaves no overt orthographic or phonological trace—across nine recipient languages (German, Danish, Italian, Greek, Japanese, Polish, Czech, Macedonian, Slovenian). Moving beyond the traditional focus on visible loanwords, the contributions demonstrate how English influence operates through loan translations (calques), semantic loans, and hybrid formations that challenge rigid borrowing taxonomies. Several papers address the methodological problem of recognition and propose gradable models, including an “invisibility scale”, while others trace structural copying in morphosyntax (e.g., new premodification patterns and valency shifts). The volume also foregrounds cultural transfer, extending the notion of hidden Anglicism to discourse practices and even visual/gestural borrowing, and complements linguistic description with distributional and perceptual evidence. Together, the studies map global trends in Anglicization and refine tools for analysing largely unnoticed English-based change

Le manzanicas coloradas di Elias Canetti: Sulle tracce di una canzoncina infantile sefardita

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Deep Fake: Plato’s Cave and the Virtual World: Who are we becoming?

Human beings are animals who use tools. But the tools we use also reshape us – changing the way we think, the way we organize our lives, our relationships, our societies. Each time, the introduction of a new technology into human societies has brought war, the destruction of human lives. Because with technology change, we get paradigm change. When there is paradigm change, what it means to be human changes too. For the way we see and interact with the world around us determines who we are. And yet, some things don’t change. Essential to being human are two things - ideas and love. But today, with the coming of the internet and the smartphone, how we access love and ideas has changed. No technology has had quite as much of an effect on so many human lives at once as the internet. We all spend at least a few hours on our computers and phones. We all have at least two identities, a digital one and a real one. This is as true in Africa as it is in Iceland, in Delhi or New York. Today we find and enact love through apps. Accessing news and ideas is happening mostly through apps. We see ourselves through the eyes of social media apps. We listen to music on apps. And social media ‘influencers’ can bring down governments or get a president elected. Technology also affects the words we use. It can even produce new words. In the eighties, the spread of cheap music technology brought words like ‘rewind’ and ‘fast forward’ into the English vocabulary. ‘Groovy’, a very seventies hippie word, came from records and vinyl technology. Most of these words died along with the technologies that produced them. But some didn’t – they lingered, taking on a life of their own as they attached themselves to concepts that were important to us humans. The internet has generated all kinds of interesting words – ‘reddit’, ‘ping me’, ‘like’, ‘emoji’. But I will concentrate on one word, ‘deep fake’, for it symbolizes, for me, the central problem of the internet age: trust. I came across this word around the time of the first Trump election and since then my mind won’t let go of it for it symbolizes the central conundrum of our internet world – the loss of trust. Society is built on trust. One has to have some trust between people in order for society to function. Trust is an important part of any relationship whether it is with one’s partner or with one’s banker. But how do you trust a person when you are communicating through a machine? How do we know what is real and what is not? Deep Fake, to me, refers to something that is fake, but which people believe in and act upon because they no longer trust. I believe we are living in an age of ‘deep fake’ where certain concepts such ‘truth’ no longer play an important part in our political and social lives, what matters more is liking or not-liking ideas/people. Trust has been replaced or is being replaced with liking or disliking, loving or hating. Lastly, I will look at the relationship between trust and education. What does one study in a world where one cannot trust that what one is being taught/learning is important? What can one learn if liking what one is learning feels more important than learning something new? And how does the crisis of trust affect literature and writing fiction? Which brings me to Plato’s allegory of the cave. Today Plato’s cave is the digital world. When we are online, we do not, or cannot, look behind or around us. We forget that it is not the real world at all, but a simulacrum of the real world, and that the knowledge we seem to be able to access so easily, is not really knowledge at all but a shadow of knowledge, a compilation of knowledge with some important elements left out or misunderstood. Have we entered a time when even philosophers cannot get out of the cave for ‘light’ (truth in Plato’s case) itself is no longer important

L'héritage sans testament : régimes d’usage et actualisations d’un aphorisme

This article explores the contemporary resonance and uses of René Char’s aphorism, “Our inheritance was left to us with no testament.” Structured in two parts, it first examines how this statement has been appropriated and interpreted by philosophers, political theorists, historians, literary scholars, and art historians, assessing its function as a conceptual and heuristic tool. The second part investigates several contemporary artistic practices in Romania that engage with the reactivation of photographic archives. These practices illuminate how the materiality of the archive can enable a transmission of the past grounded in openness and creativity rather than in a prescribed logic of heritage, thereby reactivating Char’s aphorism as a principle of generative, non-testamentary memory.Structuré en deux volets, cet article examine l’actualité et les usages contemporains de l’aphorisme de René Char : « Notre héritage n’est précédé d’aucun testament ». Le premier volet analyse la manière dont ce propos a été repris et interprété par divers penseurs – philosophes, politologues, historiens, littéraires et historiens de l’art – afin d’en évaluer la portée comme outil conceptuel et ressource de pensée. Le second volet s’attache à l’étude de quelques pratiques artistiques contemporaines en Roumanie, centrées sur la réactivation d’archives photographiques. Ces démarches permettent d’observer comment la matérialité des archives peut nourrir une transmission du passé fondée sur l’ouverture et la création, plutôt que sur une logique patrimoniale prescrite, réactivant ainsi l’aphorisme de René Char comme principe d’une mémoire créatrice et non testamentaire.

English-based calques in present-day Czech and the invisibility scale

The point of departure of the article is a preceding study on calques published in Czech (Klégr, Bozděchová 2022a). After outlining the terminology, definitions and methods of detecting lexical and semantic calques, the article gives an overview of the general properties of English-based lexical and semantic calques attested in Czech – the frequency of their structural patterns, word-class distribution and the semantic relationships between the loaned English sense and the meaning of the Czech word in semantic calques – based on a sample of 1360 calques (1065 lexical and 295 semantic). In the second part, utilizing updated and enlarged samples of calques, and a sample of hybrids, the focus shifts from the central categories to the description of important subcategories of calques: lexical-semantic, abbreviated lexical, multi-word semantic, hybrid, secondary, and echoic calques. The assessment of their status among Anglicisms leads to a tentative proposal for a two-layered taxonomy of Anglicisms and an in/visibility scale from manifest to cryptic Anglicisms. &nbsp

Fuzzy Borders Between Invisible and Semi-(in)Visible Anglicisms: Evidence from the GLAD Database and NSZA Dictionary

In language contact literature on the typology of linguistic borrowing sharp divisions have repeatedly been made into various types of loan. Loan categorisations are determined by the borrowing strategy adopted by recipient language (RL) speakers and by the formal features of the product of the borrowing process (see e.g. Haugen’s 1950; Weinreich1953; Görlach 2002; Haspelmath 2009; Pulcini et al. 2012). In more recent research, the well-established categories were redefined and relabeled to reflect a cognitively-oriented approach to the borrowing process (e.g. Winter-Froemel 2008), yet the fundamental three-fold typology of lexical Anglicisms has been retained. Authentic language data collected for the Polish contribution to the Global Anglicism Database (GLAD) and the New Dictionary of Polish Anglicisms (NSZA) point to the fuzzy borders and categorial indeterminacy of invisible and semi-(in)visible loans, motivated, as assumed, by RL-specific systemic features and adaptation processes. This paper focuses on the blurred borderline between a loan translation, e.g. Pol. obiad biznesowy <Eng. business lunch and a hybrid (loanblend), e.g. Pol. anioł biznesu <Eng. business angel. While the long-standing terminological tradition and the GLAD template both require making definite decisions as for the loan categorial status, there is much evidence among Polish covert and partially covert Anglicisms that establishing clear-cut borderlines between loan categories may be challenging and therefore may require arbitrary decisions as for their labelling

Dreams as a tool of self-representation in Mamluk oneirocritical treatises and biographical narratives

This article examines the role of dream narratives in Mamluk oneirocritical treatises and biographical dictionaries as instruments for scholarly self-fashioning and for negotiating intellectual authority. By analyzing how specific dream symbols and interpretative strategies were used, it argues that dreams were not merely spiritual or literary devices, but culturally coded tools used by scholars and literati to assert professional aspirations and navigate competitive scholarly environments. The study foregrounds dreams as dynamic reflections of anxieties, ambitions, and rivalries related to socio-professional life. It highlights how these narratives operated both as symbolic performances of status and as channels for expressing desires and insecurities that were otherwise constrained by cultural norms of modesty and discretion. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between knowledge, power, and self-representation in late medieval Islamic intellectual cultur

Towards ecovillages: Insights from environmental ethics in selected countries

Climate change, driven by increasing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, has triggered a multidimensional global crisis encompassing climate-related disasters, food insecurity, and socio-economic inequality. This condition underscores the importance of sustainable development approaches that are not only macro and top-down in nature but also grounded in environmental ethics and community engagement. This study aims to analyse how community practices and ethics within ecovillages could complement government policies that are typically top-down, sectoral, focused on physical aspects, and often less responsive to local needs. The research employs a comparative literature study and bibliometric analysis using Scopus data from 2021–2025, analysed through VOSviewer. A descriptive analysis was then conducted to compare ecovillage practices in Austria, Brazil, Turkey, and Indonesia through the lens of environmental ethics. The findings reveal that each ecovillage embodies distinctive community ethics shaped by its respective social, cultural, and political contexts. These differences create opportunities for mutual learning and knowledge exchange. The study concludes that ecovillages can strengthen governmental policies through approaches rooted in awareness, local values, and community ethics. Active community participation supported by solidarity, spirituality, social justice, and gender inclusivity emerges as the key to sustainable transition. The novelty of this research lies in integrating community ethics into sustainable policy implications, positioning ecovillages as grassroots practices that enhance the effectiveness of achieving the SDGs

Defining regeneration within China’s agrifood system: Institutional frames and practitioners’ perspectives

In the past two decades, the concept of sustainability and its dominant developmental paradigm have been widely criticized for failing to halt environmental and social degradation. As a response, regeneration or ‘regenerative sustainability’ has emerged as an alternative paradigm, advocating holistic, process-oriented, and place-based approaches that support the thriving of socio-ecological systems. Agrifood systems, which strongly affect ecosystems and are closely linked to issues of social justice, are among the sectors where regeneration is urgently needed. Yet the concepts of regeneration and regenerative practices have already been defined in academic debates and have also been co-opted by industrial agriculture to reinforce eco-modernist narratives. This raises important questions about how regeneration can be defined from the bottom up in ways that reflect its emphasis on place-based approaches, and how such a context-specific definition can be meaningfully situated within the Chinese agrifood landscape. This contribution addresses these questions by presenting the results of a participatory online workshop that brought together practitioners from different fields within China’s agrifood system. Through collaborative activities, participants identified drivers, practices, and outcomes of regeneration and co-created a working definition that can serve as a foundation for further socio-ecological research

Development of a Sustainability Disclosure Index model for higher education institutions

Introduction. The objectives is to develop a comprehensive and relevant Sustainability Disclosure Index (SDI) show that can be utilized by stakeholders to measure sustainability in Indonesian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) using legitimacy theory Methodology. The population is Indonesian HEIs registered at the University of Indonesia Green Metrics (UIGM) in 2022, totaling 126 HEIs. The census method used in this research and triangulates methods between researchers by confirming the results of content analysis carried out by researchers with experts Results. The first finding was the development of SDI for HEIs based on the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI), UIGM and Times Higher Education (THE) lists by considering the pointers related with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the National Accreditation Board for Higher Education/BAN PT. There are 115 indicators were obtained including sustainability indicators (economic, environmental and social) as well as scholarly pointers (education, research and community service). Discussion. Sustainability Assessment Tools (SATs) has been carried out, but most of them were carried out before 2015 so that the dimensions measured in SATs have not yet accommodated efforts to achieve the SDGs. Consequently, this research develop the new SAT can be utilized by stakeholders to degree sustainability in Indonesia HEI