El modelo antropomórfico en la traducción de las locuciones prepositivas en dos romanceamientos bíblicos del siglo XIII

Resumen En este trabajo se realiza un estudio contrastivo de las locuciones prepositivas somáticas en dos libros bíblicos, el Libro de Daniel y el Eclesiástico, presentes en dos traducciones coetáneas, la Biblia escurialense I.i.6 y la cuarta parte de la General Estoria. El objetivo es determinar cuál es la dinámica traductora de las locuciones prepositivas somáticas, qué versiones traducen con más propiedad los esquemas latinos y qué soluciones ofrecen los romanceamientos medievales y de qué dependen los cambios morfosintácticos y la variación que manifiestan.Abstract This paper presents a contrastive study of the somatic complex prepositions in two biblical books, the Book of Daniel and the Ecclesiasticus, present in two contemporary translations, the Bible preserved in the codex Escorial I.i.6 and the fourth part of the General Estoria. Our goal is to determine what the translation dynamics of somatic complex prepositions are, which versions most appropriately translate the Latin schemes and what solutions the vernacular translations offer and what the morphosyntactic changes and the variation they manifest depend on

The Takaful between economics, law, and religion. Considerations in relation to Islamic contract law and insurance transactions

The takaful industry as it exists today in terms of its growth potential and the challenges associated with its development. The opportunities associated with takaful are numerous, mainly due to its wider market reach and adaptability; unlike conventional insurance, takaful is permissible for Muslims and non-Muslims alike and offers a more diverse range of products. The takaful industry is also one of the fastest-growing businesses, contributing significantly to the global insurance industry. However, despite the promise of takaful, the industry faces many obstacles today. Most importantly, the overall value of the takaful industry in terms of total assets and contributions (premiums) is negligible compared to both the size of the Muslim population and the conventional insurance industry. Not to mention the challenges related to supervision and transparency, standardization, and lack of knowledge. Therefore, this paper will analyze the economic potential and impact of the takaful industry, as well as explore the role of takaful in poverty alleviation, where some research has already proven successful. It will also examine the challenges facing the industry, which are slowing down its development and preventing it from realizing its full potential

Sex and irony in Zhang Dachun’s Bildungsroman Wo Meimei

Growing up in the juancun 眷村 (soldiers’ villages) communities of Taiwan during the 1980s, contemporary Taiwanese author Zhang Dachun 张大春 (b. 1957) appears to have embraced the postmodern ideas and techniques, drawing inspiration from writers like Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco in his literary work. Since the publication of his novel Da Shuohuangjia 大說謊家 (“The Big Liar,” 1989), Zhang Dachun earned the moniker “the big liar,” and his novels have been described as metafictional, employing a postmodern approach that playfully utilizes signs and symbols to convey meanings or “lies” (Peng 2009). In 1993, under the pen name Datou Chun 大头春 (“Big-head Spring”), the author published a semi-autobiographical Bildungsroman (qingchun xiaoshuo 青春小說) titled Wo Meimei 我妹妹 (“My Kid Sister”), adopting a sarcastic teenage narrative voice. The novel depicts his own growth, as well as that of his sister, who is eight years younger, within the complex historical and political backdrop of 1980s Taiwan. Throughout the novel, there are numerous references to children’s sexual instincts and behaviors, often reinterpreted through a Freudian lens. These references are intertwined with the author’s personal experiences rooted in contemporary Taiwan’s reality and metafictional discussions on narrative meaning and strategies. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to gather these references and shed light on Zhang Dachun’s reception of postmodernism while reconstructing his distinct “poetics of the lie.

Intellectual biography in film: Portraying Sophie Bọ́sẹ̀dé Olúwọlé

Thanks to Sophie Olúwọlé, the ancient Yorùbá philosopher Ọ̀rúnmìlà is lifted out of obscurity onto a pedestal next to Socrates with her 2014 publication Socrates and Ọ̀rúnmìlà (Olúwọlé 2014). We decided to make a film together, after meeting in 2017 during the book tour of its Dutch translation. Here I reflect on how I portrayed her thought and personality as part of an intellectual biography in a short film. This essay explores how film as an art-form can be an implicitly suitable means of depicting a philosopher, but also how it can act as a means of philosophy in and of itself. The importance of the inextricable role of personality in light of intellectual legacy is recognised here in reflection of Yorùbá traditional thought related to personhood. By providing a translation of my artistic process, while taking into account the ethical considerations related to documentary filmmaking, I demonstrate that the plural, complementary nature of filmmaking can lend itself particularly well to express African philosophy

Un Progetto sperimentale di supervisione-coaching nel contesto della formazione/lavoro in medicina generale: comunicazione preliminare

ABSTRACTIntroductionGiven the nationwide shortage of general practitioners, physicians attending the three-yearCourse of General Practice were given the possibility to begin professional activity without aprior internship, equating it to internship.The Trento School of General Practice, with the intention of favouring a gradual transitionfrom training to work, identified supervision and coaching as a possible alternative totutorship, and in the absence of structured supervisory experiences at a national level,decided to launch an experimental project, training a new figure of supervisor that respondsto the needs of the current training in the field context.Three functions of this figure were identified: 1) coaching (stimulating and enhancing workautonomy and growth), 2) counselling and 3) evaluation of the trainee doctor. Methods and toolsA group of experienced general practitioners attended a specially designed 12-hour courseand subsequently followed a trainee doctor.In parallel, the ‘community of practice’ of the supervisor-coaches (SC) was activated in orderto share experiences and reflect on the new role assumed.The evaluation of the experience was carried out through the administration of satisfactionquestionnaires and project work.ResultsThe analysis of the questionnaires administered and the project works indicates that therewas an improvement in the participants’ ability to interpret the role of SC and an improvementin specific skills.DiscussionThe SC is a useful response to the complexity of the transition from training to work in thecurrent training system, helping to restore the gradualness of this transition and ensuringpatient safety.ABSTRACTIntroduzioneVista la carenza a livello nazionale dei medici di medicina generale è stata data ai medicifrequentanti il Corso Triennale di Formazione Specifica in Medicina Generale (FSMG) lapossibilità di iniziare l’attività professionale senza una previa attività di tirocinio, equiparandolaad esso.La Scuola FSMG di Trento, nell’intento di favorire un graduale passaggio dalla formazione allavoro, ha individuato nella supervisione e nel coaching una possibile modalità alternativa allatutorship, e in mancanza di esperienze di supervisioni strutturate a livello nazionale, hadeciso di avviare un progetto sperimentale, formando una nuova figura di supervisore cherisponda alle esigenze dell’attuale contesto di formazione/lavoro.Si sono identificate tre funzioni di questa figura: 1) coaching (stimolare e valorizzarel’autonomia lavorativa e la crescita), 2) consulenza e 3) valutazione del medico corsista.Metodi e strumentiUn gruppo di medici di medicina generale esperti hanno frequentato un corso di 12 oreprogettato ad hoc e successivamente seguito un medico corsista.Parallelamente è stata attivata la “comunità di pratica” dei supervisori-coach, al fine dicondividere le esperienze e riflettere sul nuovo ruolo assunto.La valutazione dell’esperienza è stata eseguita attraverso la somministrazione di questionari di gradimento e di project work.RisultatiL’analisi dei questionari somministrati e dei project work indica che c’è stato un miglioramentodella capacità di interpretare il ruolo di supervisore coach da parte dei partecipanti e unmiglioramento delle competenze specifiche.DiscussioniIl supervisore coach è un’utile risposta alla complessità del passaggio dalla formazione allavoro nell’attuale sistema formativo, contribuendo a ripristinare la gradualità di questopassaggio e garantendo la sicurezza del paziente

Ex-Ante Competition Regulation of Digital Markets: Rethinking Regulatory Autonomy under the Gats non-discrimination obligation

In light of the growing complexities of data-driven digital markets, traditional ex-post competition laws are often insufficient, prompting many jurisdictions to adopt ex-ante regulatory frameworks. This paper examines the compatibility of ex-ante competition regulations, such as the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), with the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), focusing on the potential violation of national treatment and most-favoured-nation obligations. The paper critiques the Appellate Body’s narrow approach in Argentina–Financial Services, which limits the consideration of regulatory intent in the GATS non-discrimination analysis. It advocates for a broader approach that integrates regulatory purpose in assessing ‘likeness’ and ‘less favourable treatment’. The paper concludes that such a perspective would ensure that ex-ante competition regulations, like the DMA, can be justified under GATS without undermining fair competition, while allowing states to regulate digital markets effectively

Contenuti per un corso di formazione all’intelligenza artificiale per personale medico-sanitario: una revisione esplorativa della letteratura dall’avvento di ChatGPT.

INTRODUCTION: The advent of Large Language Models in 2022 is requiring a reconsideration of the contents to be included in Artificial Intelligence (AI) training for healthcare personnel. OBJECTIVES: A review of the literature published since the launch of ChatGPT has been performed, to identify which contents are suggested for inclusion in AI training for healthcare personnel. METHODS: the review has been conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR extension to the PRISMA statement. Only items containing primary data have been included, thus excluding literature reviews. RESULTS: 10101 items have been identified, of which 21 have been selected for review. These include original articles, letters, commentaries, opinion papers, editorials, interviews. DISCUSSION: The items extracted from the literature address almost exclusively medical training. The analysis failed to identify methodologically robust studies on the contents to be included in AI training for healthcare personnel.  There is however consensus on the fact that content on the broader technical, application, ethics, and regulatory aspects should take priority over direct operativity on informatics tools.INTRODUZIONE: L’avvento dei Large Language Models nel 2022 richiede una riconsiderazione dei contenuti da includere nella formazione all’intelligenza artificiale (AI) del personale medico-sanitario. OBIETTIVI: Una revisione della letteratura pubblicata dall’avvento di ChatGPT in poi è stata effettuata per identificare quali contenuti vengano indicati per i corsi di formazione all’AI rivolti all’ambito medico-sanitario. METODI E STRUMENTI: la revisione ha seguito l’estensione per revisioni esplorative (PRISMA-ScR) del processo PRISMA. Sono stati inclusi articoli contenenti dati primari, escludendo le revisioni. RISULTATI: sono stati reperiti 10101 articoli, dei quali 21 sono stati selezionati per la revisione. Questi comprendono articoli originali, lettere, commenti, articoli d’opinione, editoriali, interviste. DISCUSSIONE: Gli articoli reperiti sono quasi esclusivamente rivolti all’educazione di personale medico. L’analisi non ha evidenziato studi metodologicamente robusti sui contenuti da includere in un programma educativo sulle AI per personale medico-sanitario. Si nota tuttavia un consenso sul fatto che la formazione debba includere contenuti a largo spettro sulle aree tecniche, applicative, ed etico-normative, in priorità rispetto all’operatività sugli strumenti informatici

Modelli di razionalità scientifica nei commenti al De anima. Il caso di un anonimo ed inedito testimone del XIII secolo (ms. Firenze, BNC, Conv. Soppr. G.3.464, ff. 45ra-68vb)

The aim of the present work is to reconstruct the divisio scientiarium expounded in an anonymous and unpublished commentary on De anima preserved in ms. Florence, BNC, Conv. Soppr. G.3.464, ff. 45ra-68vb, and to place it within the 13th-century tradition. This will be done by comparing it with the divisiones presented in the prologues of other commentaries on De anima and in the accessus philosophorum circulating in the universities of the same period. The interest in the place of the scientia de anima in the hierarchy of the sciences and its characteristics is clearly evident at the beginning of this anonymous commentary, where the unknown master engages in a broader discussion of the epistemic status of the Aristotelian sciences

Anna Maria Martellone (1929 – 2024)

Ricordo di Anna Maria Martellone

La qualificazione giuridica del tempo in regime di reperibilità passiva nel comparto sanitario: analisi delle sentenze europee e nazionali, implicazioni normative e controversie applicative.

INTRODUCTION  The legal classification of on-call time represents a topic of significant interest for labor law, particularly in the healthcare sector, where on-call duty creates tensions between operational needs and workers' rights. European case law has emphasized the importance of clearly distinguishing between working time and rest periods, rejecting the creation of an intermediate category. This article analyses the regulatory and practical implications of the availability regime in light of key European and national rulings, with a specific focus on its application in the Italian healthcare sector.   MATERIALS AND METHODS  The analysis is based on the examination of major rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union, complemented by references to Directive 2003/88/EC and the National Collective Labor Agreements (CCNL) in the healthcare sector. Key case law, including Simap, Jaeger, and Matzak, has been examined to assess the impact of time and geographical constraints on workers’ freedom. Particular attention has been given to response time and the workers’ degree of subjection to the restrictions imposed by the employer. RESULTS  The on-call regime in the healthcare sector raises critical issues regarding the compatibility between the right to rest and professional obligations. European case law has clarified that strict constraints on response time and mobility may qualify such periods as working time. In Italy, despite the collective bargaining attempt to regulate these aspects, disparities in application persist among different healthcare institutions. Additionally, the lack of regulatory uniformity and the need for more effective legislative instruments emerge as key concerns.   CONCLUSIONS  The analysis highlights that on-call periods can significantly compromise the right to rest, particularly when workers are subject to strict constraints. European case law has provided criteria for classifying such periods as working time, stressing the importance of response time and the degree of residual freedom for workers. In Italy, improvements have been introduced by the recent collective bargaining agreements, but challenges regarding the harmonization of national regulations and the effective protection of workers persist. INTRODUZIONE La qualificazione del tempo in regime di reperibilità passiva rappresenta un tema di rilevante interesse per il diritto del lavoro, in particolare nel settore sanitario, dove la reperibilità passiva crea tensioni tra esigenze operative e diritti dei lavoratori. La giurisprudenza europea ha sancito l'importanza di distinguere chiaramente tra tempo di lavoro e periodo di riposo, escludendo la creazione di una categoria intermedia. Questo articolo analizza le implicazioni normative e applicative del regime di reperibilità alla luce delle principali sentenze europee e nazionali, con particolare attenzione alla sua applicazione nel comparto sanitario italiano. MATERIALI E METODI L'analisi si basa sull'esame delle principali pronunce della Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea, integrato con riferimenti alla direttiva 2003/88/CE e ai Contratti Collettivi Nazionali di Lavoro (CCNL) del comparto sanitario. Sono stati approfonditi i casi giurisprudenziali chiave, come Simap, Jaeger e Matzak, e si è valutato l'impatto dei vincoli temporali e geografici sulla libertà dei lavoratori. Un'attenzione specifica è stata rivolta al tempo di reazione e alla soggezione del lavoratore ai vincoli imposti dal datore di lavoro. RISULTATI Il tema della reperibilità passiva nel settore sanitario è oggetto di un acceso dibattito giuridico e sindacale, poiché incide sull'equilibrio tra il diritto al riposo del lavoratore e la continuità assistenziale, principio cardine del servizio sanitario. La giurisprudenza europea ha chiarito come vincoli stringenti sul tempo di reazione e la mobilità possano qualificare tali periodi come orario di lavoro. In Italia, la contrattazione collettiva ha tentato di regolamentare la materia, senza tuttavia garantire un'armonizzazione applicativa, determinando quindi persistenti disomogeneità tra le aziende sanitarie.  Inoltre, emergono come temi centrali la mancanza di uniformità normativa e la necessità di strumenti regolatori più efficaci. CONCLUSIONI Dall'analisi emerge che i periodi di reperibilità passiva possono compromettere significativamente il diritto al riposo, in particolare quando il lavoratore è soggetto a vincoli stringenti. La giurisprudenza europea ha fornito criteri per qualificare tali periodi come orario di lavoro, evidenziando l'importanza del tempo di reazione e del grado di libertà residuo del lavoratore. In Italia, la recente contrattazione collettiva ha introdotto alcuni miglioramenti, ma persistono criticità nell’uniformità applicativa a livello nazionale e nella piena tutela dei diritti dei lavoratori, soprattutto in materia di orario di lavoro e reperibilità