Removal of petroleum products from water using natural sorbent zeolite

An experimental investigation on the removal of petroleum products (PP) from wastewater by natural sorbent zeolite was carried out in a laboratory on a pilot‐scaled test bench. The pilot test bench consisted of: a tank in which gasoline (1 portion) and diesel (1 portion) were mixed mechanically with water; a pump for supplying the mixture to a filter model; a filter model filled with a zeolite layer of 0,2 m height. Zeolite used in this study was from a deposit near the village of Sokyrnytsa in the Ukrainian Transcarpathian region. The test zeolite particle size was 2,5–3,0 mm; 1,5–2,0 mm; 0,63–1,0 mm. The concentration of PP in water was measured before and after the filter every hour. The TOG/ TPH analyser was used for concentration measurements. The experimental study showed that the best adsorption results were reached in the filter with 0,63–1,0 mm particle size of zeolite media. There were 2,25 mg/1 of light hydrocarbons left in the filtrate. Such a concentration satisfies the requirements of standards regulating the percentage of PP in treated wastewater. Naftos produktų šalinimas iš vandens naudojant natūralųjį sorbentą ceolitą Santrauka Gamtinio ceolito geba šalinti iš vandens naftos produktus tirta sumontuotame eksperimentiniame stende. Stendą sudarė: bakas, kuriame mechaniškai maišant benzinas (1 dalis) ir dyzelinas (1 dalis) skiedžiamas vandenyje; siurblys, tiekiantis tirpalą į filtro modelį; filtro modelis, 0,2 m sluoksniu pripildytas ceolito. Tyrimams pasirinktas į Lietuvą iš Ukrainos atvežamas Sokirnicos radimvietėje kasamas ceolitas. Eksperimentuojant naudotos 2,5–3,0 mm; 1,5–2,0 mm; 0,63–1,0 mm stambumo ceolitų grūdelių frakcijos. Naftos produktų koncentracija vandenyje prieš filtrą ir filtrate buvo nustatoma kas valandą analizatoriumi TOG/TPH. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai atlikti 2005 m. sausio ‐ balandžio mėnesiais. Kaip matyti iš tyrimo duomenų, geriausiai naftos produktus adsorbavo 63–1,0 mm stambumo ceolito grūdelių frakcijos užpildas. Filtrate likdavo 2,25 mg/l naftos produktų koncentracija. Tai pagal ištirpusių naftos produktų koncentraciją atitinka į nuotekų tinklus išleidžiamam vandeniui keliamus normatyvinius reikalavimus. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010 Reikšminiai žodžiai: naftos produktai, vandens teršimas, natūralusis sorbentas ceolita

Monitoring charge transfer at polarisable liquid/liquid interfaces employing time-resolved Raman spectroelectrochemistry

In-situ Raman spectroscopy is implemented for the first time to monitor dynamic charge transfer processes at polarisable interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) in real time. A custom-designed new electrochemical cell is described which allows probing the Raman signals of ferroin ions as a function of the potential applied across the water|1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) interface. This approach is also used for investigating the heterogeneous electron transfer reaction involving dimethylferrocene in DCB and potassium hexacyanoferrate (II/III) in the aqueous phase. The evolution of the Raman signals during potentiodynamic measurements is recorded in real-time with a resolution of a few seconds.Junta de Castilla y Leon (GR71, BU349-U13) and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2010-17127) is gratefully acknowledged. D.I. thanks Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for his predoctoral FPI fellowship. D.P. and D.J.F. acknowledge financial support from the EPSRC (grant EP/K007025/1

The influence of m-aminobenzoic acid on electrochemical synthesis and behavior of poly(aniline-co-(m-aminobenzoic acid)

Poly(aniline-co-(m-aminobenzoic acid)) was synthesized electrochemically at graphite electrode under galvanostatic conditions. Aqueous electrolyte for synthesis was consisted of HCl and different amount of aniline and m-aminobenzoic acid. The presence of the meta positioned carboxylic group in m-aminobenzoic acid influenced higher co-polymerization potential, different morphology and electrochemical behavior of copolymers compared to polyaniline. Electrochemical activity is achieved by proton exchange in neutral environment that can result in a faster charge/discharge process, which is in the case of PANI limited by slow anion exchange, making this material promising for consideration in super-capacitors and in biological system