Glycerol in the Industrial Metalworking: A Critical Narrative Review of Benefits, Limitations, and Application Range for Waste Management and Sustainability

The global oversupply of glycerol from biodiesel production has prompted interest in its industrial valorisation. One emerging pathway is its use as a base fluid for metalworking, where both the spent fluid and the swarf would avoid hazardous-waste classification, while also lowering worker exposure compared with petroleum-based emulsions. This review synthesises academic and industrial evidence to critically assess glycerol’s potential through the combined lenses of tribology, thermal stability, occupational and environmental implications, and industrial feasibility. Available evidence indicates that glycerol offers biodegradability, non-toxicity, and boundary-lubrication capability, enabling metallic residues to be reclassified as recyclable rather than hazardous. However, neat glycerol undergoes viscosity loss and oxidative degradation above ~180–210 °C, with potential acrolein formation, restricting applicability to low-to-moderate temperature machining and selected carbide finishing. Sector-level analysis delineates feasible adoption windows across small/medium workshops, automotive finishing lines, heavy-machinery/shipbuilding cells, and limited aerospace applications. Glycerol therefore cannot be regarded as a universal substitute but as a selective, sustainability-oriented fluid whose industrial feasibility depends on thermal management, formulation control, and regulatory alignment. Within its defined application range, glycerol may support circular metalworking and waste-valorisation strategies where process conditions remain compatible with its limits

Route

On the official website of the European Commission, the term “migration route” is defined as: “The geographic route along which migrants and refugees move via hubs in transit areas from their country of origin to their country of destination, often travelling in mixed migration flows.”1 This definition was adopted by the European Migration Network, “an EU network of migration and asylum experts who work together to provide objective, comparable policy-relevant information and knowledge on emerging issues relating to asylum and migration in Europe.” The wording was taken from the International Centre for Migration Policy Development , an organization associated with several controversies, including lack of transparency, racist rhetoric, and facilitating cooperation between European Union agencies and various North African groups to prevent migratory movements toward the EU. The definition presents migrants and refugees as two essentially distinct categories, dehumanized through the conceptual metaphor of water (flow) and elements that mix (with pure categories being polluted). It also segments space, assigning different roles and characteristics to it, so we have countries of origin, transit countries characterized by hubs, and countries of destination. These segments form parts of an asymmetrical system—the route. The route itself is presented as a geographical, natural, and objective entity. Using the example of the Balkan route, we will show that migration routes are far more complex phenomena, suitable for a whole spectrum of political, economic, and cognitive uses.Volume 54: Forced Migration: Keywords of the Balkan Route: The European Irregularized Migration Regime at the Periphery, edited by Marijana Hameršak, Iva Pleše, and Tea Škokic. https://doi.org/10.3167/ 978183695245

Milos Raickovich’s ‘Ascetic Minimalism’ and the Legacy of 1976

The year 1976 stands as a watershed moment in the global history of minimalist music, marked by the world premiere of Philip Glass’s Einstein on the Beach. The Belgrade performance of Einstein took place only a few months later. This paper examines the pivotal year 1976 through the lens of Serbian-American composer Milos Raickovich’s foundational cycle, Permutations. Developed within the fertile avant-garde environment of Belgrade’s Student Cultural Center (SKC) and the Ensemble for Different New Music, when Raickovich was only 20 years old, this work offered a distinctive departure from the “repetitive” minimalism dominant in the West.https://www.minimalismsociety.net/umd202

Zone

The commonsense denotation of a zone points to an area separated from spatial continuity, possessing distinct characteristics or purposes, in relation to which, specific practices and relationships are established. Zones are often conceived as clearly delimited areas. Here, we will offer an explanation that zones are not clearly separated but rather characterized by interactions, overlappings, and discontinuities. Such an explanation aligns with the understanding that borders themselves are not static lines dividing one area from another but represent an active sociopolitical relationship. Border spaces are zones of specific social interactions to which certain meanings are attributed and within which certain meanings are inscribed; they are characterized by dynamics of belonging and non- belonging . In this text, we refer to various zones: the area or zone of freedom, security and justice, the Schengen zone (Schengen Area), buffer zones/zones of containment, and transit zones. We will consider the relationships between these zones in the context of the European border and migration regime.Volume 54: Forced Migration: Keywords of the Balkan Route: The European Irregularized Migration Regime at the Periphery, edited by Marijana Hameršak, Iva Pleše, and Tea Škokic. https://doi.org/10.3167/ 978183695245

Nikola Tasić and the question of the Bosut group

Until the mid-twentieth century, knowledge of the archaeological picture of the Serbian Danube region in the Early Iron Age was modest, therefore this area was usually incorporated into the zone of the Late Urnfield culture or the Basarabi complex. Significant new data gathered through field research in the 1960s allowed for drawing improved conclusions, motivating Nikola Tasić to differentiate a new group. The distinguished Serbian archaeologist noted particularities in the material culture of the local population, which separated them from the rest of the Basarabi complex, thus defining the Bosut group. In the following decades, Tasić’s initial blueprint of the group was repeatedly revised and supplemented by cumulated data. The aim of this paper is to present the progress of research on the topic of the Group, and how firm the initial definition holds more than half a century since the original publication

Orthodox Christian Monks and the Modes of Identification of Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

The research presented in this paper is divided into two parts. The first part examines the influence of Ottoman state policies and administrative practices on the formation of the modes of identification among Orthodox Christian monks in the Balkans. Various types of Ottoman documents are analysed, with a contrast drawn between those issued by central and local authorities. Special attention is given to the complexity of the monks’ legal and social status, and to how these aspects were articulated through different forms of identification. The second part explores the monastic influence on the development of self-understanding among non-Muslim elites in Balkan towns and villages. It focuses on the role of patronage and the close ties with various monastic brotherhoods in shaping expressions of elite social status. The core of the research is based on sources related to monasteries under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Peć, and, specifically in the case of the Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos, on those which maintained multifaceted ties with the Church dignitaries and Orthodox Christians in the central Balkans and beyond.Истраживање изложено у овом раду структурисано је у два сегмента. Први сегмент усредсређен је на испитивање утицаја османских државних политика и административних пракси на обликовање врсти идентификација међу православним монасима на простору Балкана. Подвргнуте су анализи различите категорије османских докумената, уз систематично разликовање између докумената које су издавале централне и локалне власти. Посебан акценат стављен је на сложеност правног и друштвеног положаја монаха, као и на начине на које су ови аспекти били артикулисани кроз разноврсне форме идентификације. Други сегмент истраживања усмерен је на монашки утицај на формирање саморазумевања немуслиманских елита у балканским урбаним и руралним срединама. У средишту пажње налази се улога ктиторства и тесних веза са различитим монашким братствима у изражавању елитног друштвеног статуса. Основу истраживања чине извори који се односе на манастире под јурисдикцијом Пећке патријаршије, а, у случају манастира Хиландара на Светој Гори, на оне који су одржавали вишеслојне везе са црквеним великодостојницима и православним хришћанима у централнобалканском простору и изван њега

Towards Close Neighborly Relations: Yugoslav Approach to Cultural Diplomacy in the (People’s) Republic of Hungary (1946–1991)

У овом раду сагледане су особености југословенске културне дипломатије на тлу (Н)Р Мађарске у периоду од завршетка Другог светског рата до почетка распада СФР Југославије (1991). Поред утицаја значајних политичких догађаја, који су дубоко задирали у односе ФНР/СФР Југославије и земаља Источног блока, укључујући у то и Мађарску, у разматрање су узете и друге околности, које су директно или непосредно остављале траг на југословенску културну понуду намењену становништву суседне земље. Обликовање југословенске културне дипломатије усмерене на мађарску јавност посматрано је кроз неколико фаза, а у свакој од њих издвојена су најзначајнија постигнућа, као и препреке с којима су се сусретали југословенски политичари и дипломате. Циљ рада је да укаже на опште тенденције у спровођењу међународне културне политике СФРЈ у мађарским оквирима.T he paper exhaustively analyzes the approach of the architects of Yugoslavia’s international cultural policy to cultural activities in Hungary from 1946 to the beginning of Yugoslavia’s breakup. After the first fifteen years, which were fraught with extreme political tensions and disputes between the leaderships of the two states, the early 1960s saw a significant shift across all areas, including cultural cooperation. From that point until the early 1980s, Yugoslav cultural activities in the territory of Hungary flourished and diversified. According to data from archival sources and the press, Yugoslav politicians and diplomats were particularly committed to organizing guest performances by artistic ensembles and large-scale exhibitions. This approach, outlined in the second half of the 1960s, remained in place until the 1990s. Certain impulses towards reshaping Yugoslav cultural diplomacy in Hungary, e.g., changing the format of cultural events and diversifying cultural content, became evident during the 1980s but proved short-lived and fairly inconsequential. While innovations in cultural diplomacy failed to take root, the Yugoslav perspective on the country’s cultural activities in Hungary was heavily influenced by its internal policies, particularly the strict and systematic application of the principle of political and cultural ”equality of nations and nationalities.

Evaluating the Integration of Bio-based Waste into Cement Production: A Pathway to Sustainable Building

Rapid urbanization has increased the demand for building materials, depleting naturalresources used in cement production and prompting the use of alternative and waste materials.This research verifies that eggshell powder waste can fully replace limestone in clinkersynthesis. Five clinkers were produced using eggshell powder, aluminum sources (bentonite,zeolite, fly ash, and kaolinitic–illitic clay), Fe-slag, and quartz sand, with mechanicalpreprocessing (10–30 min) before sintering at 1300 ◦C. Experimental tests assessed theeffects of mix design and mechanical activation on clinkerization, phase formation, temperature,and mechanical properties. XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDS confirmed consistent phasecompositions and primary cement minerals. Aluminum source raw materials contributedsignificantly to tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite formation. Eggshelland fly ash promoted tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate synthesis, enhancing cementstrength at early and late ages. Longer mechanical pretreatments hindered clinkerization.Eggshell-based cements untreated or pretreated for 10 min are suitable for structuralconcrete; 20–30 min pretreatment is appropriate for low-demand or non-structural applications.The proposed methodology reduces clinker manufacturing temperature by about100 ◦C from the typical range of 1400–1450 ◦C while maintaining mechanical propertiescomparable to ordinary Portland cement

Photovoltaic plant monitoring data: Station Perlez, April 2024 

Web-based autonomous station monitors photovoltaic plant operation during each day. Each day device measured physical units (in total 10 units) not calibrated are read over Modbuson minute scale (in total 1440 readings each day), while 5MP sky photographs are taken on 15 minutes scale (in total max 46 photos each day from 0700 to 1815).Data are monitored using dg100 as an edge gatewaywith an innovative "no-code" environment macchina.io EDGE.Using macchina.io REMOTE server and additional configurational script, the monitored data packed into .json format are sent to dedicated server to be downloaded on demand. The naming convention of the file: SEM228T Perlez_radiation_2023-12-01.json is as follows: “DeviceName_PhysicalUnit_Year_Day_Month.json”. Some data is corrupted:Perlez_SEMI6000_temperatura_2024-04-11.json to Perlez_SEMI6000_temperatura_2024-04-30.json 10 x JSON files include: global radiation [kWh/m2], AC current [mA], AC voltage [V], AC power counter [kWh], relative air humidity [%], air pressure [hPa], rainfall [l/m2], air temperature [C], wind direction [angle], wind speed [m/s], 46x jpg 5MP fisheye sky images per day.Location: https://gps-coordinates.org/my-location.php?lat=45.20638888888889&lng=20.38222222222222Files in this dataset: \2024-04-01 \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-01.json \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0754.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0809.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0824.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0839.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0854.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0909.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0924.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0939.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_0954.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1009.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1024.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1039.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1054.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1109.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1124.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1139.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1154.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1209.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1224.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1239.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1254.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1309.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1324.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1339.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1354.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1409.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1424.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1439.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1454.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1509.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1524.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1539.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1554.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1609.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1624.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1639.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1654.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1709.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1724.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1739.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1754.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1809.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1824.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1839.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1854.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_1909.jpg \2024-04-01\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240401_2350.jpg \2024-04-02 \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-02.json \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0754.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0809.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0824.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0839.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0854.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0909.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0924.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0939.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_0954.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1009.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1024.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1039.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1054.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1109.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1124.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1139.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1154.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1209.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1224.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1239.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1254.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1309.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1324.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1339.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1354.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1409.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1424.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1439.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1454.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1509.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1524.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1539.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1554.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1609.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1624.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1639.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1654.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1709.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1724.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1739.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1754.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1809.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1824.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1839.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1854.jpg \2024-04-02\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240402_1909.jpg \2024-04-03 \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-03.json \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0754.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0809.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0824.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0839.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0854.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0909.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0924.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0939.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_0954.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1009.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1024.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1039.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1054.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1109.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1124.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1139.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1154.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1209.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1224.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1239.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1254.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1309.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1324.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1339.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1354.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1409.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1424.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1439.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1454.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1509.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1524.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1539.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1554.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1609.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1624.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1639.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1654.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1709.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1724.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1739.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1754.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1809.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1824.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1839.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1854.jpg \2024-04-03\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240403_1909.jpg \2024-04-04 \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-04.json \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0754.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0809.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0824.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0839.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0854.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0909.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0924.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0939.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_0954.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1009.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1024.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1039.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1054.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1109.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1124.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1139.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1154.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1209.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1224.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1239.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1254.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1309.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1324.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1339.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1354.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1409.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1424.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1439.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1454.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1509.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1524.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1539.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1554.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1609.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1624.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1639.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1654.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1709.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1724.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1739.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1754.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1809.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1824.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1839.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1854.jpg \2024-04-04\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240404_1909.jpg \2024-04-05 \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-05.json \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0754.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0809.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0824.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0839.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0854.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0909.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0924.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0939.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_0954.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1009.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1024.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1039.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1054.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1109.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1124.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1139.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1154.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1209.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1224.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1239.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1254.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1309.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1324.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1339.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1354.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1409.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1424.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1439.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1454.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1509.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1524.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1539.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1554.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1609.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1624.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1639.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1654.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1709.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1724.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1739.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1754.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1809.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1824.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1839.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1854.jpg \2024-04-05\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240405_1909.jpg \2024-04-06 \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-06.json \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0754.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0809.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0824.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0839.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0854.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0909.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0924.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0939.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_0954.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1009.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1024.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1039.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1054.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1109.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1124.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1139.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1154.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1209.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1224.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1239.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1254.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1309.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1324.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1339.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1354.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1409.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1424.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1439.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1454.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1509.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1524.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1539.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1554.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1609.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1624.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1639.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1654.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1709.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1724.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1739.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1754.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1809.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1824.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1839.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1854.jpg \2024-04-06\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240406_1909.jpg \2024-04-07 \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_current_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_temp_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_4_2_voltage_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_4_temp_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_4_voltage_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_6_current_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_6_temp_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_ASSU_6_voltage_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\PERLEZ_Brojilo_current_string_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\PERLEZ_Brojilo_power_AC_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\PERLEZ_Brojilo_voltage_ac_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEM228T_radiation_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_humidity_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_pressure_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_rain_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_temp_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_direction_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\Perlez_SEMI6000_wind_speed_2024-04-07.json \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0754.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0809.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0824.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0839.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0854.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0909.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0924.jpg \2024-04-07\SkyPhotos\Perlez_20240407_0939

Structural characterization and optical thermometric performance of Eu3+doped MgGd2Zr2O8 phosphors

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a new luminescent material, MgGd2Zr2O8 doped with (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 at%) Eu3+ ions, and its potential application in optical thermometry. The samples were produced via a facile sol-gel synthesis and subsequently thermally treated for 4 h at 850 °C. An X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis with Rietveld refinement has revealed that the synthesized samples crystallize in a fluorite-type cubic crystal structure, space group Fm (Formula presented) m, with crystallite sizes of around 7 nm and lattice parameter expansion due to Mg2+ ions preferentially occupying interstitial or vacant sites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that the sample contains randomly shaped aggregates (around 200 nm), formed by the accumulation of many small particles (less than 100 nm). High-resolution TEM revealed the crystalline nature of the sample with lattice planes compatible with the XRPD analysis and crystallite sizes below 10 nm. EDS elemental mapping confirmed the uniform distribution of all elements in the sample. The photoluminescent emission spectra indicated typical energy Eu3+ ion transitions from the 5D0 excited state to the 7FJ (J = 1-4) manifolds. The optimal MgGd2Zr2O8:Eu3+ (15 at%) phosphor exhibited a satisfactory temperature-sensing performance, reaching the maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) of 0.47 % K−1 at 570 K based on the change in the full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of 5D0→7F1 transition (592 nm). A slightly lower value of 0.32 % K−1 was obtained using the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR592/612) between the 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 transitions. The valley-to-peak ratio (VPR) method showed moderate but stable sensitivity (0.22–0.14 % K−1) across the 300–570 K range, indicating a reliable thermometric behavior over a broad temperature window