3,220 research outputs found
Adaptation and Validation of the MapMe Body Image Scales in Spanish Parents of Schoolchildren
\ua9 2024 by the authors.Childhood overweight and obesity is a worldwide problem and to treat it parents’ detection has to be improved. The MapMe Body Image Scales (BIS) are a visual tool developed to improve parental perception of child weight in the United Kingdon (UK) based on British growth reference criteria. The aim of this study was to make a transcultural adaptation and validation of the MapMe BIS in Spain based on International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut offs A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. First, a translation and cultural adaptation was carried out. A total of 155 10–11-year-old children and their parents participated in this study. Children were measured to calculate their weight status, Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Percentage (BFP) and Waist Circumference (WC), and their parents completed a purpose designed questionnaire about their perception and satisfaction of child’s body weight status using the adapted BIS. Test-retest reliability, criterion validity and concurrent validity of the adapted BIS were analyzed. This study shows that the adapted MapMe BIS has good psychometric properties and is a suitable visual scale to assess parental perception of weight status in 10 and 11-year-old children in Spain
Association of anorexia nervosa with risk of cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis
This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.IMPORTANCE Anorexia nervosa is recognized as an important cause of morbidity in young people.
However, the risk of cancer in people with anorexia nervosa remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of anorexia nervosa with the risk of developing or dying
of cancer.
DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to
January 9, 2019.
STUDY SELECTION Published observational studies in humans examining the risk of cancer in
people with anorexia nervosa compared with the general population or those without anorexia
nervosa. Studies needed to report incidence or mortality rate ratios (RRs).
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening, data extraction, and methodological quality
assessment were performed by at least 2 researchers independently. A random-effects model was
used to synthesize individual studies. Heterogeneity (I
2
) was assessed and 95% prediction intervals
(PIs) were calculated.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All cancer incidence and cancer mortality associated with
anorexia nervosa. Secondary outcomes were site-specific cancer incidence and mortality.
RESULTS Seven cohort studies published in 10 articles (42 602 participants with anorexia nervosa)
were included. Anorexia nervosa was not associated with risk of developing any cancer (4 studies in
women; RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89-1.06; P = .53; I
2
, 0%; 95% PI, 0.80-1.18; moderate confidence).
Anorexia nervosa was associated with decreased breast cancer incidence (5 studies in women; RR,
0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80; P < .001; I
2
, 0%; 95% PI, 0.44-0.83; high confidence). Conversely,
anorexia nervosa was associated with increased risk of developing lung cancer (3 studies in women;
RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.12; P = .001; I
2
, 0%; 95% PI, 0.19-16.46; low confidence) and esophageal
cancer (2 studies in women; RR, 6.10; 95% CI, 2.30-16.18; P < .001; I
2
, 0%; low confidence).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among people with anorexia nervosa, risk of developing cancer
did not differ compared with the general population, but a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer
was observed. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these associations could have important
preventive potentialGeneralitat ValencianaCarlos III Health Institut
Murine model for Fusarium oxysporum invasive fusariosis reveals organ-specific structures for dissemination and long-term persistence
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Population based prostate cancer screening in north Mexico reveals a high prevalence of aggressive tumors in detected cases
Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent neoplasia in men worldwide. Previous reports suggest that the prevalence of PCa in Hispanic males is lower than in Africans (including communities with African ancestry) and Caucasians, but higher than in Asians. Despite these antecedents, there are few reports of open population screenings for PCa in Latin American communities. This article describes the results of three consecutive screenings in the urban population of Monterrey, Mexico. Methods: After receiving approval from our University Hospital's Internal Review Board (IRB), the screening was announced by radio, television, and press, and it was addressed to male subjects over 40 years old in general. Subjects who consented to participate were evaluated at the primary care clinics of the University Health Program at UANL, in the Metropolitan area of Monterrey. Blood samples were taken from each subject for prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination; they underwent a digital rectal examination (DRE), and were subsequently interviewed to obtain demographic and urologic data. Based on the PSA (>4.0 ng/ml) and DRE results, subjects were appointed for transrectal biopsy (TRB). Results: A total of 973 subjects were screened. Prostate biopsy was recommended to 125 men based on PSA values and DRE results, but it was performed in only 55 of them. 15 of these biopsied men were diagnosed with PCa, mostly with Gleason scores ≥ 7. Conclusion: Our results reflect a low prevalence of PCa in general, but a high occurrence of high grade lesions (Gleason ≥ 7) among patients that resulted positive for PCa. This observation remarks the importance of the PCa screening programs in our Mexican community and the need for strict follow-up campaigns
Population based prostate cancer screening in north Mexico reveals a high prevalence of aggressive tumors in detected cases
Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent neoplasia in men worldwide. Previous reports suggest that the prevalence of PCa in Hispanic males is lower than in Africans (including communities with African ancestry) and Caucasians, but higher than in Asians. Despite these antecedents, there are few reports of open population screenings for PCa in Latin American communities. This article describes the results of three consecutive screenings in the urban population of Monterrey, Mexico. Methods: After receiving approval from our University Hospital's Internal Review Board (IRB), the screening was announced by radio, television, and press, and it was addressed to male subjects over 40 years old in general. Subjects who consented to participate were evaluated at the primary care clinics of the University Health Program at UANL, in the Metropolitan area of Monterrey. Blood samples were taken from each subject for prostate specific antigen (PSA) determination; they underwent a digital rectal examination (DRE), and were subsequently interviewed to obtain demographic and urologic data. Based on the PSA (>4.0 ng/ml) and DRE results, subjects were appointed for transrectal biopsy (TRB). Results: A total of 973 subjects were screened. Prostate biopsy was recommended to 125 men based on PSA values and DRE results, but it was performed in only 55 of them. 15 of these biopsied men were diagnosed with PCa, mostly with Gleason scores ≥ 7. Conclusion: Our results reflect a low prevalence of PCa in general, but a high occurrence of high grade lesions (Gleason ≥ 7) among patients that resulted positive for PCa. This observation remarks the importance of the PCa screening programs in our Mexican community and the need for strict follow-up campaigns
Dynamical Patterns of Cattle Trade Movements
Despite their importance for the spread of zoonotic diseases, our
understanding of the dynamical aspects characterizing the movements of farmed
animal populations remains limited as these systems are traditionally studied
as static objects and through simplified approximations. By leveraging on the
network science approach, here we are able for the first time to fully analyze
the longitudinal dataset of Italian cattle movements that reports the mobility
of individual animals among farms on a daily basis. The complexity and
inter-relations between topology, function and dynamical nature of the system
are characterized at different spatial and time resolutions, in order to
uncover patterns and vulnerabilities fundamental for the definition of targeted
prevention and control measures for zoonotic diseases. Results show how the
stationarity of statistical distributions coexists with a strong and
non-trivial evolutionary dynamics at the node and link levels, on all
timescales. Traditional static views of the displacement network hide important
patterns of structural changes affecting nodes' centrality and farms' spreading
potential, thus limiting the efficiency of interventions based on partial
longitudinal information. By fully taking into account the longitudinal
dimension, we propose a novel definition of dynamical motifs that is able to
uncover the presence of a temporal arrow describing the evolution of the system
and the causality patterns of its displacements, shedding light on mechanisms
that may play a crucial role in the definition of preventive actions
Dynamical Patterns of Cattle Trade Movements
Despite their importance for the spread of zoonotic diseases, our
understanding of the dynamical aspects characterizing the movements of farmed
animal populations remains limited as these systems are traditionally studied
as static objects and through simplified approximations. By leveraging on the
network science approach, here we are able for the first time to fully analyze
the longitudinal dataset of Italian cattle movements that reports the mobility
of individual animals among farms on a daily basis. The complexity and
inter-relations between topology, function and dynamical nature of the system
are characterized at different spatial and time resolutions, in order to
uncover patterns and vulnerabilities fundamental for the definition of targeted
prevention and control measures for zoonotic diseases. Results show how the
stationarity of statistical distributions coexists with a strong and
non-trivial evolutionary dynamics at the node and link levels, on all
timescales. Traditional static views of the displacement network hide important
patterns of structural changes affecting nodes' centrality and farms' spreading
potential, thus limiting the efficiency of interventions based on partial
longitudinal information. By fully taking into account the longitudinal
dimension, we propose a novel definition of dynamical motifs that is able to
uncover the presence of a temporal arrow describing the evolution of the system
and the causality patterns of its displacements, shedding light on mechanisms
that may play a crucial role in the definition of preventive actions
Patterns of adherence to and compliance with the Portuguese smoke-free law in the leisure-hospitality sector
CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, UM (FCT R&D 317)Background: In 2008, the Portuguese smoke-free law came into effect including partial bans in the leisure-hospitality (LH)
sector. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of smoking control policies (total ban, smoking permission and
designated smoking areas) adopted by the LH sector in Portugal. The levels of noncompliance with each policy are
investigated as well as the main factors associated with smoking permission and noncompliance with the law.
Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2010 and May 2011. A random sample of venues was selected
from the Portuguese LH sector database, proportionally stratified according to type, size and geographical area. All venues
were assessed in loco by an observer. The independent effects of venues’ characteristics on smoking permission and the
level of noncompliance with the law were explored using logistic regression.
Results: Overall, 1.412 venues were included. Total ban policy was adopted by 75.9% of venues, while 8.4% had designated
smoking areas. Smoking ban was more prevalent in restaurants (85.9%). Only 29.7% of discos/bars/pubs opted for complete
ban. Full or partial smoking permission was higher in discos/bar/pubs (OR = 7.37; 95%CI 4.87 to 11.17). Noncompliance with
the law was higher in venues allowing smoking and lower in places with complete ban (33.6% and 7.6% respectively, p,
0.001). Discos/bars/pubs with full smoking permission had the highest level of noncompliance (OR = 3.31; 95%CI 1.40 to
7.83).
Conclusions: Our findings show a high adherence to smoking ban policy by the Portuguese LH sector. Nonetheless, one
quarter of the venues is fully or partially permissive towards smoking, with the discos/bars/pubs considerably contributing
to this situation. Venues with smoking permission policies were less compliant with the legislation. The implementation of a
comprehensive smoke-free law, without any exceptions, is essential to effectively protect people from the second hand
smoke.The work is part of a large Epidemiological Study on the Portuguese Tobacco Control Policy, developed by the Instituto de Medicina Preventiva da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and supported, in its preliminary part, by the Direccao Geral da Saude (DGS) and, in the second part, by the national funding institution Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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