EVIDÊNCIAS DE INFLAMAÇÃO DAS VIAS AÉREAS RESPIRATÓRIAS INFERIORES, EM POTROS PSI SAUDÁVEIS, ANTES DO INÍCIO DOS TREINAMENTOS

Obstruções do trato respiratório inferiorapresentam grande impacto no potencial atlético decavalos de corrida. Doença Inflamatória das ViasAéreas (DIVA) constitui achado comum em cavalosde corrida jovens. Esse estudo testou a hipótesede que a inflamação do trato respiratório inferiorpoderia iniciar ainda na vida no haras. Sete diferentesharas foram visitados, e 119 potros sobreanoforam investigados. As vias aéreas inferiores foramavaliadas através de exame clínico e endoscópico,e citologia do aspirado traqueal. Entre os potrosconsiderados clinicamente saudáveis, 90,76% evidenciarammuco traqueo-bronquial e os perfis citológicosevidenciaram reação inflamatória presente.A presente investigação confirma a presença deinflamação pulmonar em potros PSI antes do iníciodo treinamento, representando um risco potencial àcapacidade atlética futura.Lower respiratory airway obstruction has a major impact in racehorse athletic potential. Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) is a common finding in young racehorses. This study tested the hypothesis that lower airway inflammation could initiate in farm life. Seven different breeding farms were visited, and 119 yearlings were investigated. Lower airways were evaluated by clinical examination, endoscopy and cytology of the tracheal aspirate. From those yearlings considered clinically healthy, 90,76% evidenced tracheobronchial mucus and some showing cytological profile of inflammatory reaction. Then, the present investigation confirms the occurrence of inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory airways in thoroughbred yearlings before training has commenced, representing a potential risk for the future athletic performance in young racehorses

Aspirado traqueal de cavalos clinicamente sadios da raça Quarto de Milha após prova de três tambores

The aim of the present study wasto evaluate through endoscopy the trachealaspiration cytology in twenty seven Quarter Horsesfrom Curitiba and surroundings, following theThree Barrel Competittion. Upper respiratory tractsecretion was obtained by tracheal aspiration usinga polyethylene catheter introduced through theendoscopic fiberoptic working channel, at the level oftracheal bifurcation. Cytologic slides were preparedby smear and stained by diff-quick technique andthe differential was performed in 500 cells countingby 1,000X optic microscopy. None of the horsespresented abnormality, including epixtasis, at theclinical examination. However, hemosiderophageswere detected at cytology in three animals,suggesting that some may be suffering of subclinicalpulmonary hemorrhage. Differential cell countingof tracheal aspiration results were, in average:44.09 ± 35.68% of epithelial cells; 1.10 ± 2.18%of Globet cells; 23.10 ± 35.93% of neutrophils;0.13 ± 0.37% of lymphocytes; 0.91 ± 2.81% ofeosinophils; 30.57 ± 23.62% of macrophages and0.13 ± 0.93% of hemosiderophages. In conclusion,based in the present study, the evaluation of cellularpopulations with the tracheal aspiration may offerimportant additional information to the clinician,particularly about the inflammatory processes oflower respiratory tract and pulmonary bleeding.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar,com o auxílio de endoscopia, a citologia do aspiradotraqueal em vinte sete cavalos da raça Quartode Milha, provenientes de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana,após prova de Três Tambores. Foi obtidasecreção das vias aéreas por aspirado traquealcom cateter de polietileno introduzido no canal detrabalho do endoscópio, na altura da bifurcação traqueal.As lâminas citológicas foram preparadas poresfregaço e coradas pela técnica de panótico rápidoe a contagem diferencial foi realizada em 500células através de microscopia óptica com aumentode 1000 vezes. Nenhum dos cavalos apresentouanormalidade, incluindo epistaxe, ao exame clínico.Entretanto, à citologia detectou-se hemossiderófagosem três animais, sugerindo que alguns delespoderiam estar sofrendo de hemorragia pulmonarsubclínica. A contagem diferencial de células do aspiradotraqueal foi em média de: 44,09 ± 35,68% decélulas epiteliais; 1,10 ± 2,18% de células caliciformes;23,10 ± 35,93% de neutrófilos; 0,13 ± 0,37%de linfócitos; 0,91 ± 2,81% de eosinófilos; 30,57 ±23,62% de macrófagos e 0,13 ± 0,93% de hemossiderófagos.Em conclusão, baseado no presentetrabalho, a avaliação das populações celularescom o aspirado traqueal pode fornecer ao clínicoimportantes informações adicionais, especialmenteacerca de processos inflamatórios das vias aéreasinferiores e hemorragia pulmonar

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Measurement of inclusive π0\pi^{0} production in hadronic Z0Z^{0} decays

An analysis is presented of inclusive \pi^0 production in Z^0 decays measured with the DELPHI detector. At low energies, \pi^0 decays are reconstructed by \linebreak using pairs of converted photons and combinations of converted photons and photons reconstructed in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (HPC). At high energies (up to x_p = 2 \cdot p_{\pi}/\sqrt{s} = 0.75) the excellent granularity of the HPC is exploited to search for two-photon substructures in single showers. The inclusive differential cross section is measured as a function of energy for {q\overline q} and {b \bar b} events. The number of \pi^0's per hadronic Z^0 event is N(\pi^0)/ Z_{had}^0 = 9.2 \pm 0.2 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.0 \mbox{(syst)} and for {b \bar b}~events the number of \pi^0's is {\mathrm N(\pi^0)/ b \overline b} = 10.1 \pm 0.4 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.1 \mbox{(syst)} . The ratio of the number of \pi^0's in b \overline b events to hadronic Z^0 events is less affected by the systematic errors and is found to be 1.09 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.01. The measured \pi^0 cross sections are compared with the predictions of different parton shower models. For hadronic events, the peak position in the \mathrm \xi_p = \ln(1/x_p) distribution is \xi_p^{\star} = 3.90^{+0.24}_{-0.14}. The average number of \pi^0's from the decay of primary \mathrm B hadrons is found to be {\mathrm N} (B \rightarrow \pi^0 \, X)/\mbox{B hadron} = 2.78 \pm 0.15 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 0.60 \mbox{(syst)}