69 research outputs found
Incorporating Sexual Health Content into the Rehabilitation Counseling Graduate Program Curriculum: A Special Commentary
Sexual health is considered a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being (World Health Organization, 2006). Persons with disabilities are likely to be presumed as sexually inactive, asexual (Rico Alonso et al., 2021; Sant Angelo, 2000), or sexually deviant (Earle, 2001), often leading to their lack of sexual education, an increased risk of sexual exploitation, unwanted pregnancy, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs; Doughty et al., 2017). This commentary addresses three priorities for rehabilitation counseling graduate program curriculum. Clinical priorities should focus on providing persons with disabilities information and education regarding sexual health and wellness. Training priorities should focus on implementation of multicultural competence to holistically support persons with disabilities and understanding their sexual identities to better facilitate successful gainful employment and independent living. Research should prioritize sexual health for persons with disabilities and the association with employment outcomes to create a more inclusive rehabilitation counseling curriculum
Are fast food restaurants an environmental risk factor for obesity?
OBJECTIVE: Eating at "fast food" restaurants has increased and is linked to obesity. This study examined whether living or working near "fast food" restaurants is associated with body weight. METHODS: A telephone survey of 1033 Minnesota residents assessed body height and weight, frequency of eating at restaurants, and work and home addresses. Proximity of home and work to restaurants was assessed by Global Index System (GIS) methodology. RESULTS: Eating at "fast food" restaurants was positively associated with having children, a high fat diet and Body Mass Index (BMI). It was negatively associated with vegetable consumption and physical activity. Proximity of "fast food" restaurants to home or work was not associated with eating at "fast food" restaurants or with BMI. Proximity of "non-fast food" restaurants was not associated with BMI, but was associated with frequency of eating at those restaurants. CONCLUSION: Failure to find relationships between proximity to "fast food" restaurants and obesity may be due to methodological weaknesses, e.g. the operational definition of "fast food" or "proximity", or homogeneity of restaurant proximity. Alternatively, the proliferation of "fast food" restaurants may not be a strong unique cause of obesity
A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe
A communal catalogue reveals Earthâs multiscale microbial diversity
Our growing awareness of the microbial worldâs importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earthâs microbial diversity
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Unacknowledged Influence: The Impact of Anikia Julianaâs Cultural Matronage on 6th-Century Constantinople
Anikia Juliana, a woman with the title epiphanestate (ΔÏÎčÏαΜÎčÏÏÎŹÏη) or noblissimaâmeaning most well-known or most nobleâand ostensibly the last illustrious member of the Theodosian dynasty, lived in Constantinople in the late fifth and early sixth century AC. She was one of the most aristocratic women in the city at the time, a patrikia or patrician, and, according to legend, she controlled great wealth. Legend also indicates that her wealth may have intimidated a male leader of the timeâone almost synonymous with the early- to mid-sixth centuryâJustinian I.In this dissertation, I consider Julianaâs matronage in relation to the matronage and patronage of elite men and women from the first century BC to the sixth century AC across the Roman and what became the Byzantine empire. In doing so, I also situate her matronage within these customary practices to demonstrate that her philanthropy was at once traditional and unique. From her program of building and renewal in and around Constantinople, it is clear that Juliana tapped into the standards of matronage established by prominent women, like Augusta Livia, and reframed for a Christian milieu by Augusta Helena, but also expanded upon them to suit her needs. Using the most famous of her renewed monuments, the church of St. Polyeuktos, as a case study, I show that the connections to her female family members signaled by her monuments conveyed serious theological and, thereby, political messages to the public but also illustrate the importance of matrilineage to at least one woman. I seek to uncover more about the lived experience of Juliana, a descendant of two prominent households, as a way to understand the lived experience of other women
The compatibility of self-sacrifice and self-interest: Social and psychological supports of helping in social relationships.
The central issue addressed in this dissertation is the paradox proposed by the prevalence of helping: how can self-sacrificing behavior be maintained? The theoretical model I propose (Chapter 1) holds that early in the evolutionary history of human social life, in small group environments conducive to reciprocity, helping was compensated by inclusive fitness-enhancing benefits. Under these conditions, social and psychological processes developed that encouraged helpers to incur the cost of helping and provided immediate rewards. These processes continue to operate in the radically changed current human environment, supporting helping even among strangers. In an empirical study (Chapter 2) participants described incidents of helping actually given and received with close friends, casual acquaintances, and strangers, providing a broad range of naturally occurring helping behaviors. I sorted these incidents into 72 homogeneous categories of helping behavior and , in a second study, participants rated the 72 helping behaviors on 22 diverse characteristics. A factor analysis of the helping behaviors yielded four factors: Casual, Substantial Personal, Emotional, and Emergency helping. A study of the perceived cost to the helper and benefit to the recipient of actually experienced helping behaviors (Chapter 3) shows that the perceived benefits of behaviors exceed their costs, as required by Trivers' (1971) model of reciprocal altruism. Further analyses yield strong, interpretable effects, some predicted and some not: relationship between helper and recipient strongly affects perceived costs and benefits in the directions expected from reciprocity-based theories; sex differences in perceived costs and benefits are negligible. Surprisingly, helpers underestimate the costs and benefits of the help they provide and overestimate the costs and benefits of the help they received. This perceptual bias would be disadvantageous under Trivers' model which requires helpers to monitor others' costs and benefits, but since people need only insure that their own benefits exceed their own costs (eliminating a logical flaw in Trivers' model and simplifying cognitive dem and s on helpers), non-veridical estimations of others' costs and benefits are unimportant. Furthermore, this bias is another process which encourages helping by leaving people feeling indebted, and it counteracts the temptation towards non-reciprocation that Trivers emphasizes.Ph.D.Social psychologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162498/1/9013971.pd
Analysis of student reflections of experiential learning in nursing health policy courses
This is a content analysis of the reflections of 187 nursing students after experiential learning opportunities in both master\u27s and doctoral level health policy courses. Results show that experiential activities in a health policy class for nursing students increased their knowledge of the legislative process and motivated them to identify newfound intent to become more involved in the political process
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