A topologia do Ser e a geopolítica do conhecimento. Modernidade, império e colonialidade

O ensaio examina a articulação entre raça e espaço na obra de vários pensadores europeus. Centrando-se no projecto de Martin Heidegger de procurar no Ocidente as raízes, denuncia a cumplicidade desse projecto com uma visão cartográfica imperial que cria e separa as cidades dos deuses e as cidades dos danados. O autor identifica concepções análogas noutros pensadores ocidentais, sobretudo em Levinas, Negri, ˇZiˇzeck, Habermas e Derrida. Ao projecto da busca das raízes, com os seus pressupostos racistas, ele opõe uma visão crítica, inspirada em Fanon, que sublinha o carácter constitutivo da colonialidade e da danação para o projecto da modernidade europeia. O autor conclui com um apelo a uma diversalidade radical e uma geopolítica do conhecimento descolonial.This essay examines the conjunction of race and space in the work of several European thinkers. It focuses on Martin Heidegger¹s project of Searching for roots in the West. This project of searching for roots is unmasked as being complicit with an imperial cartographical vision that creates and divides the cities of the gods and the cities of the damned. Maldonado-Torres identifies similar conceptions in other Western thinkers, most notably Levinas, Negri, Zizeck, Habermas, and Derrida. To the project of searching for roots and its racist undertones, he opposes a Fanonian critical vision that highlights the constitutive character of coloniality and damnation for the project of European modernity. The author concludes with a call for radical diversality and a decolonial geopolitics of knowledge.Cet essai examine l’articulation entre la race et l’espace dans l’œuvre de divers penseurs européens. En examinant plus particulièrement le projet de Martin Heidegger dans sa recherche des racines en Occident, il dénonce la complicité de son projet avec une vision cartographique impériale créant et séparant les cités des dieux et les cités des damnés. L’auteur identifie des conceptions analogues chez d’autres penseurs occidentaux, et surtout chez Levinas, Negri, Zizeck, Habermas et Derrida. Au projet de la quête des racines, avec ses présupposés racistes, il oppose une vision critique inspirée de Fanon, qui souligne le caractère constitutif de la colonialité et de la damnation pour la modernité européenne. L’auteur conclut par un appel à une ”diversalité” radicale et une géopolitique de la connaissance décoloniale

El arte como territorio de re-existencia. Una aproximación decolonial

Some basic questions when exploring the subject of art as a territory of resistance are: what is art ?, what is resistance ?, what is resisting ?, what is it resisting ?, and what do we refer to as territory ? In the modern / colonial world, resistance in its most radical sense should perhaps be understood as an effort for re-existence1. In other words, that resistance is not only a matter of denying an oppressive power, but also of creating ways of existing, which includes ways of feeling, thinking, and acting in a world that is building itself through of various insurgencies and irruptions that seek to constitute it as a human world.Algunas preguntas básicas al explorar el tema del arte como territorio de resistencia son: ¿qué es el arte?, ¿qué es la resistencia?, ¿que se resiste?, ¿para qué se resiste?, y ¿a que nos referimos como territorio? En el mundo moderno/colonial, la resistencia en su sentido más radical quizás deba ser entendida como un esfuerzo por la re-existencia1. Es decir, que resistencia no se trata solamente de una cuestión de negar un poder opresor, sino también de crear maneras de existir, lo que incluye formas de sentir, de pensar, y de actuar en un mundo que se va construyendo el mismo a través de variadas insurgencias e irrupciones que buscan constituirlo como un mundo humano

Decolonising Philosophy

Based on Maldonado-Torres’s formulation of the term, we conceive the decolonial turn as a form of liberating and decolonising reason beyond the liberal and Enlightened emancipation of rationality, and beyond the more radical Euro-critiques that have failed to consistently challenge the legacies of Eurocentrism and white male heteronormativity (often Eurocentric critiques of Eurocentrism). We complement Maldonado-Torres’s account of the decolonial turn in philosophy, theory and critique by providing an analysis of the trajectories of academic philosophy and clarifying the relevance of decolonising philosophy and of the decolonial turn for current efforts in transforming philosophy in face of the challenges of social movements such as the Third World Liberation Front and Black Lives Matter in the United States, and Rhodes Must Fall in South Africa and England. After a brief analysis of the trajectory and current status of philosophy as a discipline in the modern Western research university, we provide examples of the decolonial turn and of decolonising philosophy in three areas: the engagement with (1) Asian and (2) Latin American philosophies, and (3) debates in the philosophy of race and gender

Ferromanganese nodules and micro-hardgrounds associated with the Cadiz Contourite Channel (NE Atlantic): Palaeoenvironmental records of fluid venting and bottom currents

Ferromanganese nodule fields and hardgrounds have recently been discovered in the Cadiz Contourite Channel in the Gulf of Cadiz (850–1000 m). This channel is part of a large contourite depositional system generated by the Mediterranean Outflow Water. Ferromanganese deposits linked to contourites are interesting tools for palaeoenviromental studies and show an increasing economic interest as potential mineral resources for base and strategic metals. We present a complete characterisation of these deposits based on submarine photographs and geophysical, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data. The genesis and growth of ferromanganese deposits, strongly enriched in Fe vs. Mn (av. 39% vs. 6%) in this contourite depositional system result from the combination of hydrogenetic and diagenetic processes. The interaction of the Mediterranean Outflow Water with the continental margin has led to the formation of Late Pleistocene–Holocene ferromanganese mineral deposits, in parallel to the evolution of the contourite depositional system triggered by climatic and tectonic events. The diagenetic growth was fuelled by the anaerobic oxidation of thermogenic hydrocarbons (δ13CPDB=−20 to −37‰) and organic matter within the channel floor sediments, promoting the formation of Fe–Mn carbonate nodules. High 87Sr/86Sr isotopic values (up to 0.70993±0.00025) observed in the inner parts of nodules are related to the influence of radiogenic fluids fuelled by deep-seated fluid venting across the fault systems in the diapirs below the Cadiz Contourite Channel. Erosive action of the Mediterranean Outflow Water undercurrent could have exhumed the Fe–Mn carbonate nodules, especially in the glacial periods, when the lower core of the undercurrent was more active in the study area. The growth rate determined by 230Thexcess/232Th was 113±11 mm/Ma, supporting the hypothesis that the growth of the nodules records palaeoenvironmental changes during the last 70 ka. Ca-rich layers in the nodules could point to the interaction between the Mediterranean Outflow Water and the North Atlantic Deep Water during the Heinrich events. Siderite–rhodochrosite nodules exposed to the oxidising seabottom waters were replaced by Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides. Slow hydrogenetic growth of goethite from the seawaters is observed in the outermost parts of the exhumed nodules and hardgrounds, which show imprints of the Mediterranean Outflow Water with low 87Sr/86Sr isotopic values (down to 0.70693±0.00081). We propose a new genetic and evolutionary model for ferromanganese oxide nodules derived from ferromanganese carbonate nodules formed on continental margins above the carbonate compensation depth and dominated by hydrocarbon seepage structures and strong erosive action of bottom currents. We also compare and discuss the generation of ferromanganese deposits in the Cadiz Contourite Channel with that in other locations and suggest that our model can be applied to ferromanganiferous deposits in other contouritic systems affected by fluid venting

La pandemia de la COVID-19, la fuerza mayor y la alteración de las circunstancias en materia contractual

La declaratoria del estado de emergencia, a causa de la pandemia de la covid-19, exige un análisis de la vigencia de las relaciones contractuales y cómo estas pueden verse afectadas por eventos extraordinarios, imprevisibles e irresistibles que impidan el cumplimiento de las prestaciones, así como aquellos casos en los que la alteración de las circunstancias puede llevar a que una de las partes exija al juez recomponga el contenido de la prestación pactada o la resolución del contrato.The declaration of a state of emergency due to the covid-19 pandemic requires an analysis of the validity of the contractual relations and how these may be affected by extraordinary, unforeseeable and irresistible events that prevent the performance of the services, as well as those cases in which the alteration of circumstances may lead one of the parties to demand that the judge recompose the content of the agreed service or terminate the contract.A declaração de estado de emergência, devido à pandemia da covid-19, exige uma análise da vigência das relações contratuais e como estas podem ser afetadas por eventos extraordinários, imprevisíveis e irresistíveis que impeçam o cumprimento das benefícios, assim como aqueles casos em que a alteração das circunstâncias podem levar a que uma das partes exija que o juiz recomponha o conteúdo da benefício acordada ou a rescisão do contrato

A pandemia da covid-19, a força maior e a alteração das circunstâncias em matéria contratual

The declaration of a state of emergency due to the covid-19 pandemic requires an analysis of the validity of the contractual relations and how these may be affected by extraordinary, unforeseeable and irresistible events that prevent the performance of the services, as well as those cases in which the alteration of circumstances may lead one of the parties to demand that the judge recompose the content of the agreed service or terminate the contract.La declaratoria del estado de emergencia, a causa de la pandemia de la covid-19, exige un análisis de la vigencia de las relaciones contractuales y cómo estas pueden verse afectadas por eventos extraordinarios, imprevisibles e irresistibles que impidan el cumplimiento de las prestaciones, así como aquellos casos en los que la alteración de las circunstancias puede llevar a que una de las partes exija al juez recomponga el contenido de la prestación pactada o la resolución del contrato.A declaração de estado de emergência, devido à pandemia da covid-19, exige uma análise da vigência das relações contratuais e como estas podem ser afetadas por eventos extraordinários, imprevisíveis e irresistíveis que impeçam o cumprimento das prestações, assim como aqueles casos em que a alteração das circunstâncias podem levar a que uma das partes exija que o juiz recomponha o conteúdo da prestação acordada ou a rescisão do contrato

Descolonizando. Diálogo con Yuderkys Espinosa Miñoso y Nelson Maldonado-Torres.

We have the opportunity to present an interview with two of the greatest voices of the modernity-coloniality group. Both are references, both at a theoretical and practical level, in the fight for global decolonization through their epistemological and action contributions. Yuderkys Espinosa Miñoso, born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, is one of the most important voices on anti-racist decolonial feminism. She is also an important activist of the Latin American Group of Studies, Training and Feminist Action (GLEFAS) through which they put into practice the theoretical reflections involved in their production of knowledge. Nelson Maldonado-Torres, born in Puerto Rico, is a professor at the State University of New Jersey. He has a great production on decolonial theory, his contributions made to the decolonial turn being especially important. In addition to his theoretical production, he is an activist involved in different social movements.Tenemos la oportunidad de presentar una entrevista con dos de las mayores voces del grupo modernidad-colonialidad. Ambas son referencias, tanto a nivel teórico como práctico, en la lucha por la decolonización mundial a través de sus aportaciones epistemológicas y de acción. Yuderkys Espinosa Miñoso, nacida en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, es una de las más importantes voces sobre feminismo decolonial antirracista. También es una importante activista del Grupo Latinoamericano de Estudios, Formación y Acción Feminista (GLEFAS) mediante el cual llevan a la práctica las reflexiones teóricas envuelta en su producción de conocimiento. Nelson Maldonado-Torres, nacido en Puerto Rico, es docente en la Universidad Estadual de Nueva Jersey. Posee una gran producción sobre la teoría decolonial, siendo especialmente importantes sus contribuciones hechas al giro decolonial. Además de su producción teórica es un activista envuelto en diferentes movimientos sociales

Symposium: Why Historicize the Canon?

In her anchor-piece on historicizing the canon, Li-Hsiang Lisa Rosenlee appeals to professional philosophers to develop several tools that can be implemented in historicizing the canon. Amy Donahue, David H. Kim, Nelson Maldonado-Torres, and Kris Sealey tessellate different aspects of this call. Donahue augments Rosenlee’s argument by braiding together Dharmakīrti’s “anyāpoha” theory and Charles Mills’ ruminations about “white ignorance”; Kim explores some of the nuances of Rosenlee’s account for a post-Eurocentric philosophy; Maldonado-Torres ruminates about the larger social context in which thinking can be decolonized; and Sealey uses the work of Kristie Dotson to acknowledge the possibility of multiple canons. In putting on the table a number of questions, concepts, and approaches to canon-building, the symposium aims to contribute to what is by now a large array of similar reflections and engagements in different parts of the world