Adult Mortality in Russian Rural Areas: Inter-regional Comparisons

Regions of the Russian Federation draw up purpose-oriented programs aiming at improving the health and reducing the mortality among the population. The task of decreasing the mortality among the rural population, especially overcoming the phenomenon of “excess mor-tality†among the people of the able-bodied age, is considered a priority in the federal and re-gional programs for social-economic development for the nearest future. In view of this, the task of this research is to develop taxonomy of regions of RF according to the structure of mortality among their rural population, analyze the inter-regional comparisons and regression equations that include demographic, economic, social and ecological explanatory variables for different types of the regions. The paper presents a comparative analysis of mortality structure dynamics for urban and rural population of RF. The inter-regional comparisons of the Russian rural mortality structure are made. The inter-regional differentiation in terms of the level of mortality of the population and the differences between the city and the countryside are substantiated by using a set of causes and factors of both demographic and social-economic nature. For the purpose of making a deeper analysis of the territorial aspects of rural mortality, the rural territories are classified according to the structure of mortality from basic causes of death. The description of the territorial features of mortality determinants for the regions of each typological group is given. The structure of the classification groups and average parameter values are presented in the form of cartograms and tables. The regression equations including the demographic, economic, social and ecological explanatory variables are considered for both the entire RF and different types of its regions. The models derived are described from the viewpoint of significance of the influence the chosen parameters produce on the level of mortality among the rural population belonging to each classified group of the regions. The territorial features of causes of death identified in the course of the research should be taken into account when substantiating regional programs aiming to de-crease the rural mortality and increase the life expectancy, as well as when drawing up and implementing rural social development programs.

Rural Development and Unemployment Reduction

The objective of this paper is to study the link between rural regional development strategies and unemployment reduction in agricultural regions. Based on empirical data, the paper presents the assessment of the "diversification effects" for the regional labor demand achieved through the development of the non-state sector, small businesses and the service market on the regional labor markets' behavior. By using the regression models we analyze how labor market performances depend on the patterns of the employment structure. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of agrarian and industrial regions. It is shown that high rates of employment in the agriculture weaken the position of the region on the labor market. However, diversification of the employment structure of the agricultural regions is a factor reducing the risk of rural unemployment. In rural regions the development of non-agricultural employment produces positive effects on the regional labor markets' behavior. We study the relationships of the labor market performance with the key directions of the economic reform like changes in the ownership structure, development of small businesses and the service market.rural development, Russian regions, agricultural, diversification effects, unemployment reduction, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Economic policy and unemployment in Russia´s regions

Theoretical and empirical analysis of the regional labor market differences and the factor making them exist enabled to assess the structural imbalance in the Russia's transition economy. By making cluster and discriminant analyses, the authors provide alternative classifications of the regions and estimate the impact of such specific regional factors as structure of industry employment and economic policy on regional level on the labor markets performances behavior. The transition Russian economy gave birth to a regionally segmented labor market model with the inefficient structure of industry employment. In the suggested theoretical model the regions, first, have different starting conditions for the labor market and, second, pursue their economic policies in a different way. Economic policies on the regional level include privatization and promotion of private ownership, small and medium sized firms, local infrastructures and investments in human capital. The industrial structure is being formed over a long period of time and depends on the state strategy of placement of production around the territory of the country. Institutional structure of employment much depends on the economic policy of the region and on the rate of development of small business, private sector, enterprises with foreign participation, infrastructure and on the amount of investments in the human capital. If the economic policy implemented in the region has the aim to increase the efficiency of the institutional structure of employment, the risk of unemployment tends to be lower. At the same time if the private sector, the infrastructure, small business and education are underdeveloped, the risk of unemployment in that region is high. Consequently, unfavorable starting conditions for a labor market and inefficiency of the structure of industry employment can be to a certain extent offset by a regional economic policy intended to promote the non-state sector, small and medium sized firms, regional infrastructure and investments in human capital.

Regional strategies and Unemployment Risks in Russia’s Regional Labor markets (?)

Changes in unemployment rates are connected with both macroeconomic (symmetric) and sectoral (asymmetric) shocks taking place in the transitional Russian economy, causing the regional labor markets to react. We assumed that unemployment rates and the regional labor market behavior are determined by heterogeneous reactions of the regions to shocks. In the suggested theoretical model, the regions have different starting conditions, different employment structure, and pursue their economic policies in different ways.

Effetti cardiaci degli agonisti della sfingosina: monitoraggio in una coorte di pazienti con sclerosi multipla.

Fingolimod è il primo trattamento orale approvato per la Sclerosi Multipla (SM). Si tratta di un analogo della sfingosina e lega il recettore della sfingosina 1-fosfato (S1P1) bloccando cosi la fuoriuscita dei linfociti dai linfonodi riducendo gli effettori iniziali della cascata infiammatoria associata all distruzione della mielina nella Sclerosi Multipla. Questo farmaco ha mostrato una discreta riduzione del tasso annualizzato di ricadute e un miglioramento statisticamente significativo alla RMN nei pazienti trattati a fronte di una bassa incidenza di effetti colaterali. Nella nostra coorte di pazienti tratatti abbiamo analizzato gli effetti cardiaci del farmaco ( bradicardia e disturbi della conduzione atrio-ventricolare), monitorizzando l'ECG di questi pazienti per 6 ore alla prima somministrazione e valutando poi gli effetti a lungo termine. Partendo da questi presupposti abbiamo valutato in base all pratica clinica il profilo di sicurezza di uno dei farmaci più efficaci per la Sclerosi Multipla

Naturaleza jurídica del contrato con los voluntarios en Rusia y Alemania

The purpose of this article is to study the legal nature of the contract with a volunteer in Russia and the agreement with a volunteer in Germany. In contrast to the Russian legislation, the German legislator distinguishes between “voluntary servant” and “volunteer”, understanding the latter as “intern”. The relations between the volunteer and the organizer in the Federal Republic of Germany are always fixed by a multi-sectoral complex agreement. In the Russian Federation, the relations between a volunteer and an organization are formalized by a civil law or a complex agreement on volunteer activity (mono- or multi-sectoral). The choice in favor of the latter is conditioned, among other things, by the high qualification of the volunteer’s (voluntary servant) assistance.El propósito de este artículo es estudiar la naturaleza legal del contrato con un voluntario en Rusia y el acuerdo con un voluntario en Alemania. A diferencia de la legislación rusa, el legislador alemán distingue entre «servidor voluntario» y «voluntario», entendiendo a este último como «interno». Las relaciones entre el voluntario y el organizador en la República Federal de Alemania siempre se fijan mediante un acuerdo complejo multisectorial. En la Federación de Rusia, las relaciones entre un voluntario y una organización están formalizadas por una ley civil o un acuerdo complejo sobre la actividad voluntaria (mono o multisectorial). La elección a favor de este último está condicionada, entre otras cosas, por la alta calificación de la asistencia del voluntario (servidor voluntario)

Boundary Between Stable and Unstable Regimes of Accretion

We investigated the boundary between stable and unstable regimes of accretion and its dependence on different parameters. Simulations were performed using a "cubed sphere" code with high grid resolution (244 grid points in the azimuthal direction), which is twice as high as that used in our earlier studies. We chose a very low viscosity value, with alpha-parameter alpha=0.02. We observed from the simulations that the boundary strongly depends on the ratio between magnetospheric radius r_m (where the magnetic stress in the magnetosphere matches the matter stress in the disk) and corotation radius r_cor (where the Keplerian velocity in the disk is equal to the angular velocity of the star). For a small misalignment angle of the dipole field, Theta=5 degrees, accretion is unstable if r_cor/r_m>1.35, and is stable otherwise. In cases of a larger misalignment angle of the dipole, Theta=20 degrees, instability occurs at slightly larger values, r_cor/r_m>1.41.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, conference proceedings: "Physics at the Magnetospheric Boundary", Geneva, Switzerland, 25-28 June, 201

Experiments with Monopoles, Rings and Knots in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates

Topological excitations are ubiquitous in nature, their charge being a naturally-quantized, conserved quantity that can exhibit particle-like behavior. Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are an exceptionally versatile system for the study and exploration of topological excitations. Between the spin-1 and spin-2 87Rb condensates there are seven possible broken-symmetry magnetic phases, with each one hosting unique opportunities for topological defects. We have created and observed several novel topological excitations in a spinor 87Rb BEC. In this dissertation I present and discuss three principal experimental findings: (1) The discovery of an Alice ring, or a half-quantum vortex ring, emerging from a monopole singularity in a nematic spin-1 BEC; (2) The first realization of a \u27t Hooft-Polyakov-type monopole in a nematic spin-2 BEC; and (3) The first realization of a knot in a nematic spin-2 BEC. This dissertation concludes with possible avenues for future research