Optimization of Photoelastic Properties and Stress Relief of Small-Sized Polycarbonate Disks for Granular Material Photoelastic Tests

The development of photoelastic tests was strongly enhanced by appearance of polycarbonate, hich turned out to be an excellent photoelastic material. In order to obtain small polycarbonate particles applicable for granular material photoelastic tests, small-diameter transparent cylindrical disks are cut from a polycarbonate plate preliminarily subjected to annealing, in order to provide stress relief. The plate-cutting and annealing regimes are optimized by the comprehensive analysis of mechanical and photoelastic properties of polycarbonate disks of various diameters and constant height of 5 mm. The resulting stress-strain photoelastic visualizations and material fringe patterns are analyzed, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed material processing and annealing regimes.Поликарбонат является оптимальным фотоупругим материалом для проведения механических испытаний методом фотоупругости. Для получения небольших частиц поликарбоната, применяемых при фотоупругих испытаниях гранулированного материала, из поликарбонатной пластины, предварительно подвергнутой отжигу для релаксации остаточных напряжений, вырезаются прозрачные цилиндрические диски малого диаметра. Режимы резки и отжига оптимизированы в результате анализа механических и фотоупругих свойств поликарбонатных дисков разного диаметра и постоянной высоты (5 мм). Анализ фотоупругих характеристик напряженно-деформированного состояния дисков и изохром подтвердил высокую эффективность предлагаемых режимов обработки и отжига для данного материала.Полікарбонат є оптимальним фотопружним матеріалом для проведення механічних випробувань методом фотопружності. Для отримання невеликих частинок полікарбонату, що використовуються при фотопружних випробуваннях гранульованого матер іалу, з полікарбонатної пластини, яку попереднью піддавали відпалу для релаксації залишкових напружень, вирізали прозорі циліндричні диски малого діаметра. Режими різання і відпалу оптимізовано в результаті аналізу механічних і фотопружних властивостей полікарбонатних дисків різного діаметра і постійної висоти (5 мм). Аналіз фотопружних характеристик напружено-деформованого стану дисків і ізохром підтвердив високу ефективність запропонованих режимів обробки і відпалу для даного матеріалу

Inside-out planet formation: onset and oligarchic growth of the vulcans

Stars and planetary system

From antiferromagnetism to high T c weak ferromagnetism manipulated by atomic rearrangement in Ba3NiOs2O9

Polycrystalline samples of Ba3NiOs2O9 were synthesized at ambient pressure AP and high pressure HP conditions, respectively. Both samples are electrically semiconducting. The AP Ba3NiOs2O9 crystallizes in the 6 H perovskite structure with space group P6 3 mmc , consisting of face sharing Os2O9 dimer units and corner sharing NiO6 octahedra. Magnetic measurements indicated that AP Ba3NiOs2O9 is antiferromagnetically ordered below 130 K. HP Ba3NiOs2O9 crystallizes in the 6H perovskite structure too, but the face sharing octahedral sites appear to be occupied by both Ni2 and Os5 ions, whereas the corner sharing site is occupied exclusively by Os5 . HP Ba3NiOs2O9 undergoes a high temperature approximate to 400 K weak ferromagnetic transition, which is much different from the antiferromagnetism of the AP phase. The long range magnetic order of HP Ba3NiOs2O9 was confirmed by neutron powder diffraction. X ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis supported ferromagnetic coupling between Os and Ni moments which leads to a spin arrangement, where the ferromagnetic moments mainly arise from Ni2 ion

Prunella vulgaris: A comprehensive review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications.

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanism of action have been investigated the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant

Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are presented based on the electroweak pair production of neutralinos and charginos, leading to decay channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons and undetected lightest SUSY particles (LSPs). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 19.5 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The main emphasis is neutralino pair production in which each neutralino decays either to a Higgs boson (h) and an LSP or to a Z boson and an LSP, leading to hh, hZ, and ZZ states with missing transverse energy (E-T(miss)). A second aspect is chargino-neutralino pair production, leading to hW states with E-T(miss). The decays of a Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair, to a photon pair, and to final states with leptons are considered in conjunction with hadronic and leptonic decay modes of the Z and W bosons. No evidence is found for supersymmetric particles, and 95% confidence level upper limits are evaluated for the respective pair production cross sections and for neutralino and chargino mass values

Familial resemblance in mental health symptoms, social and cognitive vulnerability, and personality: A study of patients with depressive and anxiety disorders and their siblings

Background: Investigating siblings of probands with affective disorders enables the identification of psychopathology-related risk features. Leveraging data from an older adult sample, as compared to most previous sibling studies, enabled us to study more definitive clinical profiling across the lifespan. We examined prevalence of depressive/anxiety disorders in siblings, proband-sibling resemblance in psychopathology-related features, and whether unaffected siblings showed higher levels of these features than healthy controls. Methods: The sample (N=929; Mage=50.6) consisted of 256 probands with lifetime depressive and/or anxiety disorders, their 380 siblings, and 293 healthy controls without affected relatives. Fifteen psychopathology-related features were investigated across four domains: mental health symptoms, social vulnerabilities, cognitive vulnerabilities, and personality. Results: Lifetime disorders were present in 50.3% of siblings. Prevalence was 2-3 times higher than Dutch population frequencies. We found small to medium probandsibling resemblance across psychopathology-related features (ρ=0.10-0.32). Unaffected siblings reported poorer interpersonal functioning and more negative life events, childhood trauma, and rumination than healthy controls. Limitations Due to the cross-sectional study design, the directionality of effects cannot be determined. No inferences can be made about potential differences in familial resemblance in psychopathology-related features between high- and low-risk families. Conclusions: Siblings of probands with affective disorders are at higher risk for depressive/anxiety disorders. Even when unaffected, still show higher psychosocial vulnerability than healthy controls. Nevertheless, the only modest proband-sibling resemblance across psychopathology-related features suggests that individual mechanisms differentiate clinical trajectories across the lifespan. Identification of these mechanisms is crucial to improve resilience in subjects with familial risk