9 research outputs found
EURECâŽA
The science guiding the EURECâŽA campaign and its measurements is presented. EURECâŽA comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic â eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EURECâŽA marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200âkm) and larger (500âkm) scales, roughly 400âh of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10â000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the airâsea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EURECâŽA explored â from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation â are presented along with an overview of EURECâŽA's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement
EURECâŽA
The science guiding the EURECâŽA campaign and its measurements is presented. EURECâŽA comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic â eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EURECâŽA marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200âkm) and larger (500âkm) scales, roughly 400âh of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10â000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the airâsea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EURECâŽA explored â from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation â are presented along with an overview of EURECâŽA's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement
Annual changes of aerosol optical depth and à ngström exponent over Spitsbergen
This book contributes to the current discussion on global environmental changes by discussing modifications in marine ecosystems related to global climate changes. In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate changes are associated with shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen concentration and ocean acidification, which have significant biological effects on a regional and global scale.
Knowing how these changes affect the distribution and abundance of plankton in the ocean currents is crucial to our understanding of how climate change impacts the marine environment.
Ocean temperatures, weather and climatic changes greatly influence the amount and location of nutrients in the water column. If temperatures and currents change, the plankton production cycle may not coincide with the reproduction cycle of fish.
The above changes are closely related to the changes in radiative forcing, which initiate feedback mechanisms like changes in surface temperature, circulation, and atmospheric chemistry
2014 iAREA campaign on aerosol in Spitsbergen Part 1: Study of physical and chemical properties
This paper presents the results of measurements of aerosol physical and chemical properties during
iAREA2014 campaign that took place on Svalbard between 15th of Mar and 4th of May 2014. With
respect to field area, the experiment consisted of two sites: NyeĂ
lesund (78ïżœ550N, 11ïżœ560E) and Longyearbyen
(78ïżœ130N, 15ïżœ330E) with further integration of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) station in
Hornsund (77ïżœ000N, 15ïżœ330E). The subject of this study is to investigate the inesitu, passive and active
remote sensing observations as well as numerical simulations to describe the temporal variability of
aerosol singleescattering properties during spring season on Spitsbergen. The retrieval of the data indicates
several event days with enhanced singleescattering properties due to the existence of sulphate
and additional seaesalt load in the atmosphere which is possibly caused by relatively high wind speed.
Optical results were confirmed by numerical simulations made by the GEMeAQ model and by chemical
observations that indicated up to 45% contribution of the seaesalt to a PM10 total aerosol mass concentration.
An agreement between the in-situ optical and microphysical properties was found, namely:
the positive correlation between aerosol scattering coefficient measured by the nephelometer and
effective radius obtained from laser aerosol spectrometer as well as negative correlation between aerosol
scattering coefficient and the Ă
ngstrom exponent indicated that slightly larger particles dominated
during special events. The inesitu surface observations do not show any significant enhancement of the
absorption coefficient as well as the black carbon concentration which might occur during spring. All of
extensive singleescattering properties indicate a diurnal cycle in Longyearbyen, where 21:00e5:00 data
stays at the background level, however increasing during the day by the factor of 3e4. It is considered to
be highly connected with local emissions originating in combustion, traffic and harbour activities. On the
other hand, no daily fluctuations in NyeĂ
lesund are observed. Mean values in NyeĂ
lesund are equal to
8.2, 0.8 Mmïżœ1 and 103 ng/m3 for scattering, absorption coefficients and black carbon concentration; however in Longyearbyen (only data from 21:00e05:00 UTC) they reach 7.9, 0.6 Mmïżœ1 as well as 83 ng/
m3 respectively. Overall, the spring 2014 was considerably clean and seaesalt was the major aerosol
componen
A Decade of Poland-AOD Aerosol Research Network Observations
The Poland-AOD aerosol research network was established in 2011 to improve aerosolâclimate interaction knowledge and provide a real-time and historical, comprehensive, and quantitative database for the aerosol optical properties distribution over Poland. The network consists of research institutions and private owners operating 10 measurement stations and an organization responsible for aerosol model transport simulations. Poland-AOD collaboration provides observations of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ă
ngstrom Exponent (AE), incoming shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes, vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties and surface aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient, as well as microphysical particle properties. Based on the radiative transfer model (RTM), the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and the heating rate are simulated. In addition, results from GEM-AQ and WRF-Chem models (e.g., aerosol mass mixing ratio and optical properties for several particle chemical components), and HYSPLIT back-trajectories are used to interpret the results of observation and to describe the 3D aerosol optical properties distribution. Results of Poland-AOD research indicate progressive improvement of air quality and at mospheric turbidity during the last decade. The AOD was reduced by about 0.02/10 yr (at 550 nm), which corresponds to positive trends in ARF. The estimated clear-sky ARF trend is 0.34 W/m2/10 yr and 0.68 W/m2/10 yr, respectively, at TOA and at Earthâs surface. Therefore, reduction in aerosol load observed in Poland can significantly contribute to climate warming
A Decade of Poland-AOD Aerosol Research Network Observations
The Poland-AOD aerosol research network was established in 2011 to improve aerosol–climate interaction knowledge and provide a real-time and historical, comprehensive, and quantitative database for the aerosol optical properties distribution over Poland. The network consists of research institutions and private owners operating 10 measurement stations and an organization responsible for aerosol model transport simulations. Poland-AOD collaboration provides observations of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrom Exponent (AE), incoming shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes, vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties and surface aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient, as well as microphysical particle properties. Based on the radiative transfer model (RTM), the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and the heating rate are simulated. In addition, results from GEM-AQ and WRF-Chem models (e.g., aerosol mass mixing ratio and optical properties for several particle chemical components), and HYSPLIT back-trajectories are used to interpret the results of observation and to describe the 3D aerosol optical properties distribution. Results of Poland-AOD research indicate progressive improvement of air quality and at mospheric turbidity during the last decade. The AOD was reduced by about 0.02/10 yr (at 550 nm), which corresponds to positive trends in ARF. The estimated clear-sky ARF trend is 0.34 W/m2/10 yr and 0.68 W/m2/10 yr, respectively, at TOA and at Earth’s surface. Therefore, reduction in aerosol load observed in Poland can significantly contribute to climate warming
EUREC4A
Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements are presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly five weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic â eastward and south-eastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or, or the life-cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso (200âkm) and larger (500âkm) scales, roughly four hundred hours of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft, four global-ocean class research vessels, an advanced ground-based cloud observatory, a flotilla of autonomous or tethered measurement devices operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air-sea interface, a network of water stable isotopologue measurements, complemented by special programmes of satellite remote sensing and modeling with a new generation of weather/climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored â from Brazil Ring Current Eddies to turbulence induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation â are presented along with an overview EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice.
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