After the "License Raj": Economic Liberalization and Aggregate Private Investment in India

Using three alternative models that incorporate the behavior of both credit constrained and unconstrained firms in a theoretically consistent manner, this paper presents evidence on the effects of economic liberalization of 1991 in India. Two robust conclusions emerge from the estimation of the investment function by ARDL approach. First, the response of private investment with respect to the relative cost of capital has increased at least five times after the dismantling of the License Raj. Second, the evidence implies a significant improvement in the technological efficiency of the firms after the liberalization. In contrast, no robust conclusion can be drawn about the severity of the credit constraint faced by the private sector following the liberalization.Private Investment, India, Economic Liberalization, ARDL

Organizational Internal Factors, Corporate Entrepreneurship, and Organizational Performance

The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of: a) top management support on corporate entrepreneurship, b) supportive organizational structure on corporate entrepreneurship, c) resources availability on corporate entrepreneurship, d) reward system on corporate entrepreneurship, e) work discretion on corporate entrepreneurship, f) corporate entrepreneurship on financial performance, and g) corporate entrepreneurship on non financial performance. The data collection was done using a survey. The sample of this study was manager or director of Bank Sulselbar, regional development bank in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi Province in Indonesia with 97 questionnaires were distributed with 91.78% response rate. The data were analyzed using Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). The result reveals that: a) top management support has a positive and significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship, b) supportive organizational structure has a positive but not significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship, c) resources availability has negative and not significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship, d) reward system has positive and significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship, e) work discretion has positive and significant effect on corporate entrepreneurship, f) corporate entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, and g) corporate entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on non financial performance. Keywords: top management support, supportive organizational structure, resources availability, reward system, work discretion, corporate entrepreneurship, organizational performanc

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka di Pesantren Taruna Al Qur’an Putri Yogyakarta Masa Darurat Covid-19

Satu tahun lebih pandemi covid-19 melanda dunia dan berimbas pada dunia pendidikan termasuk pondok pesantren. Kebijakan terkait pembelajaran di masa pandemi covid-19 yang dibuat oleh pemerintah melatarbelakangi Pondok Pesantren Taruna Al-Qur’an putri dalam pengambilan kebijakan pendidikan di pondok pesantren.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebijakan-kebijakan pendidikan pada pembelajaran tatap muka di Pondok Pesantren Taruna Al-Qur’an Putri selama pandemic covid-19. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan penelitian kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Peneliti mendeskripsikan suatu obyek, fenomena, atau setting sosial yang akan dilaporkan dalam tulisan yang bersifat naratif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dengan menggunakan triangulasi teknik yaitu pengungkapan data dilakukan kepada sumber data.Teknik ini dilakukan dengan menggabungkan teknik wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pondok Pesantren Taruna Al-Qur’an Putri telah menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang mengacu pada kebijakan pemerintahan tentang ketentuan dan panduan penyelenggaran pembelajaran tatap muka di pondok pesantre

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON THE PHOTOVOLTAICTHERMAL SOLAR COLLECTOR WITH COMPOUND PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL-TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION

In this study, the performance of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector with compound parabolic collector for clear day in winter and summer season was investigated. Phase change material storage unit, compound parabolic collector unit, photovoltaic thermal unit were integrated into one piece to reduce the area to get higher performance and better concentration ratio. The performance of water flow rate, heat removal factor, amount of energy storage of the collector in winter season and comparison of temperature variation, total generated energy, performance factor in summer season by varying different parameters were evaluated. Water flow rate increases up to 0.004 kg/s corresponding to the thermal efficiency of around 42%. Heat removal factor for thermal collector was in the range of 0.94-0.96, which indicates better energy gain of the system and effective outlet water temperature was found 55 0C in winter season. The total generated thermal energy 1500W and maximum performance factor of a collector was 0.0135 kW-1m2 in summer season. Finally total efficiency of a collector varies from 58% -68% in summer season

Lack of Knowledge Is the Leading Key for the Growing Cervical Cancer Incidents in Bangladesh: A Population Based, Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer in Bangladesh. Lack of awareness of screening methods, risk factors, and symptoms may lead to presenting most cervical cancers at an advanced stage. We investigated knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer (CCa) among females at the Sheikh Hasina Medical College (SHMC) of Tangail district in Bangladesh. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted to collect data via a structured questionnaire from SHMC during the period of February 2019 to January 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with having heard and knowledge of cervical cancer. A p-value \u3c 0.05 was considered significant. Result Of all the interviews conducted, only 45.2% (493/1090) had heard of cervical cancer as a disease. Women were more likely to be aware of CCa if they were lived in urban areas, had higher education (university level education) and belong to high income families. The study revealed evidence of significant association between marital, literacy, residence and socio-economic status with women’s knowledge on cervical cancer (p\u3c 0.05). Conclusion This study serves to highlight that there was impoverished knowledge about cervical cancer among Bangladeshi women. Hence, this indicates the government should take proper steps to raise awareness and knowledge levels via educational programs and health counseling

Prediksi Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap US Dollar Menggunakan Metode Genetic Programming

AbstrakNilai tukar mata uang mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat luas dalam perekonomian suatu negara, baik dalam negeri ataupun internasional. Pentingnya mengetahui pola nilai tukar IDR terhadap USD bisa membantu pertumbuhan ekonomi dikarenakan perdagangan luar negeri menggunakan mata uang negara yang berbeda. Maka dari itu, diperlukan suatu aplikasi yang dapat memprediksi nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar di masa yang akan datang. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode genetic programming(GP), yang dapat menghasilkan solusi (chromosome) optimum, yang didapat dari evaluasi nilai tukar yang lalu, sehingga solusi ini digunakan sebagai pendekatan atau prediksi terhadap kurs nilai tukar mata uang Rupiah di masa yang akan datang. Solusi ini dibentuk dari kombinasi dari himpunan terminal (set of terminals) dan himpunan fungsi (set of function) yang dibangkitkan secara random. Setelah dilakukan pengujian dengan jumlah popsize dan iterasi yang berbeda, didapatkan bahwa Algoritma GP dapat melakukan prediksi nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap mata uang US Dollar dengan sangat baik, dilihat dari nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,08%. Penelitian ini bisa dikembangkan lebih baik dengan menambahkan parameter terminal dan parameter operasi sehingga bisa menambah variasi hasil perhitungannya.Kata kunci: prediksi, nilai tukar mata uang, genetic programming, MAPE.  AbstractExchange currency rate has a wide influence in the economy of a country, both domestically or internationally. The importance of knowing the pattern of exchange rate against the IDR to USD could help the economic growth due to foreign trade involves the use of currencies of different countries. Therefore, we need an application that can predict the value of IDR against the USD in the future. In this research, the authors use genetic programming (GP) method which produces solutions (chromosome) that obtained from the evaluation of exchange rate and then this solution used as an approximation or prediction of currency exchange rate in the future. These solutions formed from the combination of the set terminal and the set of function that generated randomly. After testing by the number popsize and different iterations, it was found that the GP algorithm can predict the value of the rupiah against the US Dollar with a very good, judging from the value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) generated by 0.08%. This research can be developed even better by adding terminal parameters and operating parameters so they can add variation calculation results.Keywords:  prediction, exchange currency rate, genetic programming, MAPE

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks