Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

This is the pre-print version of the Published Article which can be accessed from the link below.Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dNch/dη||η|<0.5=5.78±0.01(stat)±0.23(syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from √s=0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1±1.0(stat)±4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545±0.005(stat)±0.015(syst)  GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies

First measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with root s=0.9 TeV

A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with p (T) scale in the GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at root s = 0.9 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Charged particle production is studied with reference to the direction of a leading object, either a charged particle or a set of charged particles forming a jet. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared, after full detector simulation, to the data. The models generally predict too little production of charged particles with pseudorapidity |eta| LT 2, p (T) GT 0.5 GeV/c, and azimuthal direction transverse to that of the leading object

Wpływ regulatorów wzrostu i innych składników pożywki na morfogenezę buraka cukrowego (Beta vulgaris L.) w kulturach in vitro niezapłodnionych zalążków

The aim of the present research was to optimise the process of plant regeneration from unfertilised ovules in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). A two-stage method was applied which involved preculture in liquid MS medium and culture on solid media. The study evaluated the effectiveness of different groups of growth regulators, agar and gelrite on the morphogenesis of explants. To do so, the culture was maintained on 21 MS media containing auxins (NAA, IBA, 2,4-D), cytokinins (BAP, KIN, TDZ), antiauxin (TIBA) as well as solidifying substances at different concentrations and combinations. Varied effectiveness of callus and shoot formation was observed depending on the medium used. The highest efficiency of shoot formation was recorded on the media containing 4.4 μM BAP, 0.09 M sucrose, and 0.04% gelrite. The formation of roots was induced when exposed to 14.8 μM IBA and 0.049 μM 2iP, and the percentage of rooted shoots ranged from 0.0 to 65.2%, depending on the growth regulator combination used for shoot regeneration.Celem przeprowadzonych badań była optymalizacja procesu regeneracji roślin z niezapłodnionych zalążków buraka cukrowego (Beta vulgaris L.). Zastosowano metodę dwufazową obejmującą prekulturę w płynnej pożywce MS i kulturę na pożywkach stałych. Oceniono skuteczność oddziaływania różnych grup regulatorów wzrostu oraz agaru i gerlitu na morfogenezę eksplantatów. W tym celu kulturę prowadzono na 21 pożywkach MS zawierających auksyny (NAA, IBA, 2,4-D), cytokininy (BAP, KIN, TDZ), antyauksynę (TIBA) a także substancje zestalające w różnych stężeniach i kombinacjach. Zaobserwowano zróżnicowaną efektywność formowania kalusa i pędów w zależności od zastosowanego podłoża. Najwyższą wydajność formowania pędów uzyskano na pożywkach zawierających 4,4 μM BAP, 0,09 M sacharozy i 0,04% gerlitu. Formowanie korzeni indukowano w obecności 14,8 μM IBA i 0,049 μM 2iP, a udział ukorzenionych pędów wahał się od 0,0 do 65,2%, w zależności od wariantu doświadczenia

In vitro clonal propagation and efficient acclimatization with use of hydrogel of intensively sweet medicinal plant Lippia dulcis Trev.

Introduction: The leaves of Lippia dulcis contain high amounts of hernandulcin. It is one thousand fold sweeter than sucrose, however, it hardly contains any calories. Objective: The aim of this research was to optimalisation of micropropagation and acclimatization of L.dulcis. Methods: The nodal explants were inoculated on phytohormone-free MS medium. After 6 weeks the explants were inoculated onto the MS medium with different plant growth regulators. Well-developed rooted plantlets were adapted to ex vitro conditions using hydrogel. Results: On the medium with BAP and NAA the highest number of shoots were produced. The higest average shoot length, number of the leaves and the leaf area were recorded on the medium with GA3. Adding IBA increased the number of roots. The addition of hydrogel enhanced the acclimatization efficiency. Conclusions: There was observed a positive, stimulating influence of growth regulators on mass propagation and increase in the number of leaves and the leaf area and influence of hydrogel on the development of plantlets during acclimatization

Optymalizacja procesów sterylizacji i mikrorozmnażania roślin rożnika przerośniętego (Silphium perfoliatum L.) z eksplantatów wierzchołkowych siewek w warunkach kultur in vitro

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a tall, reaching up to 2.5 m, perennial plant that represents the Asteraceae family. Silphium perfoliatum L can be applied in medicine, animal feeding, and as a decorative, honey-producing and energy production plant which proves its multi-functional features. Sowing material currently available in Poland is insufficient, which justifies the present attempts at propagating these plants in in vitro cultures. Therefore, Silphium perfoliatum L. seed sterilization and micropropagation processes were studied under controlled conditions in in vitro cultures. Among the tested methods, ACE proved to be the most effective for sterilization. The apical parts of seedlings were used as explants; they were placed onto MS media with growth regulators added. 4 growth regulator concentration variants were applied. The highest percentage of explants with lateral shoots (41.7%) and callus (90.3%) was obtained on MS medium with 5 mg x dm-3 BAP + 1 mg × dm-3 NAA added. Shoots were isolated and transferred onto MS rooting medium without growth regulators. The rooted plants were transferred to the greenhouse and acclimatised to ex vitro conditions.Rożnik przerośnięty jest wysoką, osiągającą 2,5 metra byliną, należącą do rodziny Asteraceae. Gatunek ten może być uprawiany jako roślina lecznicza, paszowa, ozdobna, energetyczna i miododajna. W związku z tym jest wykorzystywana w wielu gałęziach przemysłu. Jednakże występujące w Polsce źródła materiału siewnego nie zaspokajają rosnącego zainteresowania producentów tym gatunkiem. Z tego powodu podjęto badania nad procesem sterylizacji i mikrorozmnażania Silphium perfoliatum L. w warunkach kultur in vitro. Spośród zastosowanych metod sterylizacji nasion najbardziej skuteczną okazało się zastosowanie ACE. Jako eksplantatów do procesu mikropropagacji użyto wierzchołkowych części siewek, które wykładano na pożywkę MS modyfikowaną poprzez dodanie regulatorów wzrostu i rozwoju roślin. Zastosowano 4 warianty pożywki różniące się składem i koncentracją fitohormonów. Najwyższy procent eksplantatów z pąkami przybyszowymi (41.7%) i kalusem (90.3%) zaobserwowano na pożywce MS zawierającej 5 mg × dm-3 BAP + 1 mg × dm-3 NAA. Uzyskane pędy izolowano i ukorzeniano na pożywce MS bez regulatorów wzrostu i rozwoju a ukorzenione rośliny przenoszono do szklarni i aklimatyzowano do warunków ex vitro

Environmental and ecological aspects of cultivation of selected energy and herbal plants propagated by in vitro culture

There has been a growing interest over the last years in techniques using alternative and pharmaceutical plants due to their wide potential applications. These species are characterised by valuable and multidirectional usable features, due to which their practical application is superior to their physiognomic features. These plants may provide a raw material for production of medicines, cosmetics or may be used for animal feeds. Moreover they may be used as ornamental, melliferous and energy plants. Owing to their generally low soil requirements they are used in the reclamation of degraded land. Among the species characterized by multidirectional use are Silphium perfoliatum, Helichrysum arenarium and Stevia rebaudiana. These plants are characterized by a high content of active compounds and a number of pro-health characteristics. Because raw materials for production of medicines and cosmetics should be standardized, cultures maintained under controlled conditions are a good source of seedlings