Does dehydration alter the success rate and technique of three-point shooting in elite basketball?

In order to better inform the effects of dehydration and hydration guidelines, we tested the acute effects of a 2% dehydration protocol on performance and technique of 3-point shooting (3PS) in Elite Basketball players (n = 9). The 3PS technique was monitored by using nanotechnology inertial measurement units positioned onto body joints during the exercise. When dehydrated (−2.1% ± 0.5% of body mass), 7 players experienced a slight decrease (−10.0% ± 19.6%, p = 0.16) in success rate, while RPE increased from 9.1 ± 2.6 to 13.0 ± 2.5 in euhydrated (EUH) and dehydrated (DEH) condition respectively (p = 0.003). DEH slightly altered the 3PS technique as the knee angle increased (p = 0.02) at toe-off time and the hip angle decreased during the 3PS (p = 0.01). The speed of ball release tended to be increased (p = 0.05) in DEH compared to EUH. Data from this study suggest that a 2% dehydration is tolerable for elite Basketball players, although a stronger dehydration might accentuate the effects observed

Effect of dehydration on performance and technique of three-point shooting in Elite Basketball.

Basketball play is classically accompanied with a significant loss of body water with a potential negative impact on both physical and cognitive performance 1. Very few studies have examined the impact of dehydration on biomechanical adjustments required to score in basketball, though joints angles, the position of the centre of mass and ball release parameters (i.e. height, release speed and angle) are among the best predictive factors of success in basketball shooting 2. Dehydration might alter the biomechanical requirements of successful shots and especially three-point shots (3PS) which generate 16% of points scored during a match. However, only 35% of 3PS are successful in game. Within this framework we analysed the effects of a controlled dehydration protocol on the success and technique of 3PS in elite basketball players. Changes in shooting technique were analysed through changes in body kinematics (i.e. 3D angles of the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow and wrist, and the height of the centre of mass) and ball release parameters (i.e. height, velocity and angle of the ball at release) of 3PS in a dynamic playing condition

Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: Circulatory shock is a life-threatening syndrome resulting in multiorgan failure and a high mortality rate. The aim of this consensus is to provide support to the bedside clinician regarding the diagnosis, management and monitoring of shock. METHODS: The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine invited 12 experts to form a Task Force to update a previous consensus (Antonelli et al.: Intensive Care Med 33:575-590, 2007). The same five questions addressed in the earlier consensus were used as the outline for the literature search and review, with the aim of the Task Force to produce statements based on the available literature and evidence. These questions were: (1) What are the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic features of shock in the intensive care unit ? (2) Should we monitor preload and fluid responsiveness in shock ? (3) How and when should we monitor stroke volume or cardiac output in shock ? (4) What markers of the regional and microcirculation can be monitored, and how can cellular function be assessed in shock ? (5) What is the evidence for using hemodynamic monitoring to direct therapy in shock ? Four types of statements were used: definition, recommendation, best practice and statement of fact. RESULTS: Forty-four statements were made. The main new statements include: (1) statements on individualizing blood pressure targets; (2) statements on the assessment and prediction of fluid responsiveness; (3) statements on the use of echocardiography and hemodynamic monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus provides 44 statements that can be used at the bedside to diagnose, treat and monitor patients with shock

Mutations in ZMYND10, a Gene Essential for Proper Axonemal Assembly of Inner and Outer Dynein Arms in Humans and Flies, Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy characterized by airway disease, infertility, and laterality defects, often caused by dual loss of the inner dynein arms (IDAs) and outer dynein arms (ODAs), which power cilia and flagella beating. Using whole-exome and candidate-gene Sanger resequencing in PCD-affected families afflicted with combined IDA and ODA defects, we found that 6/38 (16%) carried biallelic mutations in the conserved zinc-finger gene BLU (ZMYND10). ZMYND10 mutations conferred dynein-arm loss seen at the ultrastructural and immunofluorescence level and complete cilia immotility, except in hypomorphic p.Val16Gly (c.47T>G) homozygote individuals, whose cilia retained a stiff and slowed beat. In mice, Zmynd10 mRNA is restricted to regions containing motile cilia. In a Drosophila model of PCD, Zmynd10 is exclusively expressed in cells with motile cilia: chordotonal sensory neurons and sperm. In these cells, P-element-mediated gene silencing caused IDA and ODA defects, proprioception deficits, and sterility due to immotile sperm. Drosophila Zmynd10 with an equivalent c.47T>G (p.Val16Gly) missense change rescued mutant male sterility less than the wild-type did. Tagged Drosophila ZMYND10 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm, and human ZMYND10 interacts with LRRC6, another cytoplasmically localized protein altered in PCD. Using a fly model of PCD, we conclude that ZMYND10 is a cytoplasmic protein required for IDA and ODA assembly and that its variants cause ciliary dysmotility and PCD with laterality defects

Spectroscopic Stark line profile in a non-homogeneous field quasi-static approximation

The Stark effect in fusion plasmas is calculated for quasi-static F fields corresponding to a nearest neighbour first terms approximation (1 NN). The resulting eigenstates, fully calculated in spherical coordinates, are convoluted with Hooper's microfield distribution. We present the computation of the Lyman γ line for the tracer argon isolated in DT fuel, at electronic densities 5 × 10^21 cm-3 and 7 x 10^22 cm-3.Nous précisons l'effet Stark quasi statique dans des plasmas de fusion pour des champs F décrits par l'approximation de plus proche voisin (1 NN) réduite à ses premiers termes. Les états propres correspondant sont exactement calculés en coordonnées sphériques puis convolués avec la distribution de microchamp de Hooper. Nous présentons le calcul de la raie Lyman γ de l'argon XVIII traceur dans un mélange DT, aux densités électroniques 5 x 10^21 cm-3 et 7 × 10^22 cm-3

ABSORPTION OF ALUMINUM X-RAY LINES IN A LASER CREATED GOLD PLASMA

La focalisation d'un faisceau laser intense sur une cible adaptée nous a permis de mettre en évidence et de mesurer l'absorption des raies de résonance de l'aluminium par un plasma d'or dans la game de longueur d'onde 5-7 Å.We have studied the absorption of aluminum X-ray lines through a gold plasma by focusing a high intensity laser-beam onto a specific target. Absorption in the wavelength range of 5 to 7 Å has been evidenced and measured for aluminum resonance lines

Étude expérimentale du rayonnement de freinage inverse électron-atome neutre et étude théorique de l'avalanche

A laser-gas interaction experiment giving évidence of inverse bremsstrahlung is presented. A characteristic parameter of electron cascade is measured for argon and xenon at atmospheric pressure. By means of a general eigenvalue method we solve the microscopic equation governing the cascade. The measured coefficients are in good agreement with those deduced from our theoretical calculations.Nous présentons une expérience d'interaction laser-gaz mettant en évidence le rayonnement de freinage inverse électron-atome neutre et fournissant une mesure du paramètre caractéristique de l'avalanche électronique pour l'argon et le xénon à la pression atmosphérique. Par une méthode aux valeurs propres tout à fait générale, nous résolvons l'équation microscopique qui gouverne l'avalanche. Les coefficients caractéristiques mesurés sont en bon accord avec ceux déduits des résultats du calcul théorique

SPECTROMETRIE X DANS LES PLASMAS CREES PAR LASER ; APPLICATION A L'ETUDE DES PHENOMENES DE TRANSPORT DE L'ENERGIE

Les études relatives aux phénomènes de transport de l'énergie sont poursuivies au CEL, dans le cadre des expériences d'implosion par rayonnement laser. Nous présentons une méthode fondée sur l'analyse spectrométrique du rayonnement X, le plasma étant créé par l'irradiation de cibles constituées d'un dépôt d'Al, d'épaisseur variable, sur un substrat de verre. Nous décrivons d'abord le dispositif expérimental et les moyens de diagnostic utilisés pour l'étude du rayonnement X dans la gamme 4-8 Å. Après avoir précisé l'équilibre d'ionisation caractéristique d'un tel plasma, nous exposons la méthode de calcul de son émission utilisant les distributions de Te et de Ne obtenus par ailleurs à l'aide d'un code hydrodynamique lagrangien. La comparaison avec l'expérience conduit à la détermination de paramètres caractéristiques des phénomènes de transport de l'énergie

SATELLITE LINES OF NEON-LIKE RESONANCE LINES, FOR 17<Z<48

The dielectronic satellite lines of the neon-like resonance lines 1s22s22p53d - 1s22s22p6 have been observed in the spectra obtained during the Limeil X-ray Laser experiments under collisional dense plasma conditions (102