Effective communication in League of Legends

Video games which provide a unique system for quick and efficient communication create an ideal environment for the development of need-driven language. Players in League of Legends engage in different forms of communication to influence the behavior of their allies to achieve their goals. These players utilize and expand upon a built-in ping system which uses a combination of button presses and mouse clicks to send simple messages to allied players. They combine these pings with standard text chat features to develop a language unique to their environment. Using data gathered from publicly available Twitch streams, I analyze how players communicate as well as how effective that communication is, focusing on ping and text-based communication. I demonstrate how players expand on individual ping senses to cover a wider range of topics using Prototype Theory. These same pings are then combined into more complex, syntactic forms to provide clearer communication, supporting previous research that has hypothesized language moved from simple to more complex as a means of reducing miscommunication. I also examine the use of persuasive language, a focus of ample research within the field of game theory. My findings largely follow those of previous research, such as modals being less impactful in swaying previously decided stances. The need for highly efficient and effective communication pushes written language to drop many written features, such as capitalization and most punctuation. However, players retain the use of question marks which have pragmatic uses. While considerable research has focused on trolling, where one player engages in negative behaviors to evoke a negative response in others, I demonstrate that it is largely ineffective within the realm of convincing one\u27s allies to agree to surrender. Whether or not a team surrenders revolves around the situation and not the persuasive language used

Latina/o Adolescents\u27 Funds of Knowledge Related to Engineering

Background: According to a growing body of research, many Latinas/os experience dissonance between their everyday cultural practices and the cultural practices prevalent in engineering. This dissonance contributes to many Latinas/os\u27 sense that engineering is “not for me.” Purpose: This study sought to explore the meaning in the relationship between engineering cultural practices and the funds of knowledge found in Latina/o adolescents\u27 familial, community, and recreational settings. Design/Method: This ethnographic study followed seven groups of Latina/o adolescents as they identified problems in their communities and solved them through engineering design processes. Using a modified form of constant comparative analysis, we analyzed three data sources: individual interviews, observations of group meetings, and concurrent or retrospective protocols. We developed a coding scheme that categorized the participants\u27 funds of knowledge as they related to engineering. Results: The participants\u27 everyday skills and bodies of knowledge aligned with engineering practices. Specifically, their familial, community, and recreational funds of knowledge mapped onto the application of engineering design processes, systems thinking, ethical and empathetic reasoning, knowledge of production and processing, use of communication and construction tools, scientific and mathematical knowledge, and teamwork. Conclusions: Engineering instruction for Latina/o adolescents can be reconceptualized as a third space of learning and knowing where adolescents\u27 everyday familial, community, and recreational practices are actively solicited and connected with the cultural practices of engineering

T Lymphocytes from a Subset of Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris Respond to Both Desmoglein-3 and Desmoglein-1

Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus are cutaneous autoimmune diseases characterized by intraepithelial blisters and autoantibodies to desmosomal glycoproteins. The antigens recognized by pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies are desmoglein- 3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein-1 (Dsg1), respectively. Dsg3 and Dsg1 are members of the desmoglein subfamily of the cadherin supergene family of cell adhesion molecules. It has been well documented that a subset of pemphigus vulgaris sera have IgG reactivity to both Dsg1 and Dsg3, suggesting that Dsg1 may also participate in the autoimmune response of these patients. The cellular mechanisms of T cell autoimmunity in these patients, however, are completely unknown. In this study, we tested the proliferative responses of T lymphocytes from eight pemphigus vulgaris patients after incubation with Dsg3 and Dsg1 fusion proteins. The sera of four of these PV patients showed reactivity with both Dsg1 and Dsg3, whereas the remaining four reacted only with Dsg3. We found that T cells obtained from those patients that exhibited the combined Dsg1/Dsg3 autoantibody reactivity showed a proliferative response after exposure to either Dsg1 or Dsg3 fusion proteins. The cellular responses to both of these recombinant proteins were highly specific and restricted to the CD4-positive T cell population. T cells from pemphigus vulgaris patients with no anti-Dsg1 serum reactivity showed a proliferative response to Dsg3, but not to Dsg1. The Dsg1 fusion protein used in this study has minimal sequence homology with Dsg3. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that T cells from a subset of pemphigus vulgaris patients respond to both Dsg1 and Dsg3

Counseling Multiple-Heritage Couples

Multiple-heritage couples are one of the fastest growing client populations in the United States. These partnerships are defined by intersecting ethnic, racial, linguistic, and religious differences. They are challenged by societal perceptions, stereotypes, and other pressures associated with being in a multiple-heritage pairing. This article discusses strengths in the multiple-heritage union brought about by the understanding of diverse viewpoints. Finally, the article identifies specific strategies, such as couples relationship education, to resolve and confront inherent differences. Las parejas multiculturales son uno de los grupos demograficos de clientes de mayor crecimiento en los Estados Unidos. Este tipo de parejas se define por la interseccion de diferencias etnicas, raciales, linguisticas y religiosas. Sus miembros enfrentan desafios a causa de las percepciones sociales, los esterotipos y otras presiones asociadas con tener una pareja multicultural. Este articulo discute los puntos fuertes en una union multicultural, facilitados por la comprension de puntos de vista diversos. Finalmente, el articulo identifica estrategias especificas, como por ejemplo la educacion en relaciones de pareja, para resolver y afrontar las diferencias intrinsecas

CAM6-chem with very short-lived halogen chemistry: evaluation with the whole air sampler aircraft data from multiple seasons and locations

A new version of the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM6-chem) has recently been released to the atmospheric science community (June 2018). CAM6-chem has updated boundary layer processes, shallow convection and liquid cloud macrophysics, and two-moment cloud microphysics with prognostic cloud mass andconcentration. A 4-mode prognostic aerosol representation (MAM4) has been added that includes a representation of dust, sea-salt black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate in three size categories (Gettelman et al., 2019). CAM6-Chem has a detailed representation of both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. The tropospheric chemistry includes updates to the representation the organic nitrates, isoprene oxidization, and the speciation of the aromaticand terpenes (Emmons et al., 2019). This mechanism also includes a comprehensive secondary organic aerosol parameterization based on the Volatility Basic Set (VBS) model framework (Hodzic et al. 2016; Tilmes et al., 2019). The stratospheric halogen chemistry represents the distribution of CH3Cl, CFCs, HCFCs, CH3Br, and halons (Kinnison et al., 2007). For this study, the emissions, wet and dry depositions, and chemical processes that represent Very Short-Lived Halogens (VSLH) were added (e.g., Saiz-Lopez et al., 2016). Evaluation of the organic VSLH distributions are to compare with trace gas measurements collected during seven field campaigns, two withmultiple deployments, to evaluate the model performance over multiple years. The campaigns include HIPPO (2009-2011) pole to pole observations in the Pacific on the NSF/NCAR GV over multiple seasons; SEAC4RS (Aug./Sept., 2013) in the central and southern U.S. and western Gulf of Mexico on the NASA ER-2 and DC8; ATTREX (2011-2015) on the NASA Global Hawk over multiple seasons and locations; CONTRAST (Jan/Feb, 2014) in the western Pacific on the NSF/NCAR GV; VIRGAS (Oct., 2015) in the south central US and western Gulf of Mexico on the NASA WB-57; ORCAS (Jan/Feb, 2016) over the southern ocean on the NSF/NCAR GV; and POSIDON (Oct, 2016) in the western Pacific on the NASA WB-57. The model was ?nudged? to NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 meteorological fields to represent the synoptic meteorology for each mission. The analysis will focus on along the flight tracks comparisons with the model and will also examine comparisons of vertical distributions and various tracer-tracer correlations. Implications of this new model version on estimated input of inorganic bromine and iodine into the lower stratosphere will be discussed.Fil: Kinnisson, Douglas E.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Saiz Lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano"; EspañaFil: Cuevas, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano"; EspañaFil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Lamarque, Jean Francoise. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Tilmes, Simone. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Emmons, Louisa K.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Hodzic, Alma. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Wang, Siyuan. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Schauffler, Sue M.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados UnidosFil: Navarro, María. University Of Miami. Rosenstiel School Of Marine Atmospheric Science; Estados UnidosFil: Atlas, Elliot. University Of Miami. Rosenstiel School Of Marine Atmospheric Science; Estados UnidosEGU General Assembly 2019VienaAustriaEuropean Geociences Unio

Desarrollo de campaña publicitaria para el producto KAIAK de la marca NATURA

La investigación realizada tuvo como propósito desarrollar una campaña publicitaria para la marca Natura y su perfume Kaiak para hombres. El objetivo de negocio es ser la empresa N°1 en el mercado de venta directa y, por otro lado, el objetivo comunicacional de la campaña fue posicionar a Natura como la marca ideal para regalar, teniendo como producto foco Kaiak. Nuestra metodología de investigación fue mixta ya que se utilizaron distintos estudios como encuestas, focus group y observación participante. Esta campaña tuvo una duración de 2 meses (octubre y noviembre), con un presupuesto de S/. 1,300,000 netos y dirigida a hombres entre 18 y 35 años con personalidad libre y que disfruten de estar en movimiento y en constante transformación. La campaña se denominó “Empuja tu Frescura” y estuvo compuesta por cuatro etapas, desde una etapa de intriga hasta una etapa de ventas, donde se pudo realizar un PR Stunt, dos Big Moments y múltiples acciones dentro de medios tradicionales y digitales.The purpose of the research carried out was to develop an advertising campaign for the Natura brand and its Kaiak perfume for men. The business objective is to be the No. 1 company in the direct sales market and, on the other hand, the communication objective of the campaign was to position Natura as the ideal brand to give away, with Kaiak as the focus product. Our research methodology was mixed since different studies were used, such as surveys, focus groups and participant observation. This campaign lasted 2 months (October and November), with a budget of S/. 1,300,000 net and aimed at men between 18 and 35 years of age with a free personality and who enjoy being on the move and in constant transformation. The campaign was called "Push your Freshness" and consisted of four stages, from an intrigue stage to a sales stage, where a PR Stunt, two Big Moments and multiple actions within traditional and digital media could be carried out

Marine Litter : Technical Recommendations for the Implementation of MSFD Requirements

As a follow up to the Commission Decision on criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status (GES) of marine waters (Commission Decision 2010/477/EU), the Marine Directors requested Directorate General Environment in 2010 to establish a technical subgroup under the Working Group on GES in relation to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC (WG GES) for further development of Descriptor 10 Marine Litter and Descriptor 11 Noise/Energy. This report compiles the recommendations regarding Descriptor 10, Marine Litter. The implementation of provisons under MSFD Descriptor 10 as described in the Commission Decision 2010/477/EU is in its first step depending on the availability of appropriate monitoring tools.The group has investigated the monitoring approaches for marine litter and provides a set of monitoring tools which can be employed for that purpose.There are gaps in the regional applicability and differences in the maturity of some tools. There is need for further harmonization and collaborative activities in order to allow EU MS the future reporting of environmental trends and thus the verification of measures against marine litter.JRC.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resource

In Search of an Adult Attachment Stress Provocation to Measure Effect on the Oxytocin System: A Pilot Validation Study

Oxytocin is a promising biomarker for psychiatric conditions arising from early relational trauma, childhood maltreatment, and attachment dysregulation, including posttraumatic stress and dissociative disorders

Antibody-mediated disruption of the interaction between PCSK9 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor

PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) promotes degradation of the LDLR [LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor] through an as-yet-undefined mechanism, leading to a reduction in cellular LDLc (LDL-cholesterol) and a concomitant increase in serum LDLc. Central to the function of PCSK9 is a direct protein–protein interaction formed with the LDLR. In the present study, we investigated a strategy to modulate LDL uptake by blocking this interaction using specific antibodies directed against PCSK9. Studies using surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that direct binding of PCSK9 to the LDLR could be abolished with three different anti-PCSK9 antibodies. Two of these antibodies were raised against peptide epitopes in a region of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 that is involved in the interaction with the LDLR. Such antibodies restored LDL uptake in HepG2 cells treated with exogenous PCSK9 and in HepG2 cells engineered to overexpress recombinant PCSK9. This latter observation indicates that antibodies blocking the PCSK9–LDLR interaction can inhibit the action of PCSK9 produced endogenously in a cell-based system. These antibodies also disrupted the higher-affinity interaction between the natural gain-of-function mutant of PCSK9, D374Y, and the LDLR in both the cell-free and cell-based assays. These data indicate that antibodies targeting PCSK9 can reverse the PCSK9-mediated modulation of cell-surface LDLRs