Morphological study of the male genital organs of Gracilinanus microtarsus

Gracilinanus microtarsus is one of the smallest marsupials on earth. Since it spreads seeds, it has great ecological relevance. However, its reproduction data, especially those related to the anatomy of its reproduction apparatus, are scarce in the literature. Current analysis describes the male genital organs of six adult specimens of G. microtarsus. Macroscopic studies were undertaken on dissected organs, whereas histological studies were performed by inclusion technique in paraffin and by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. The male genital organs of G. microtarsus consist of a penis with bifid glans, two testicles within a pendular scrotum, placed cranially to the penis, featuring a histology consisting of seminiferous tubules with spermatogonic cells, spermatozoa and Sertoli cells, and a peritubular region with Leydig cells. Testicles are closely associated with epididymis with head, body and tail, with histological differences between the different regions. Deferent ducts, spermatic funicles and annexed glands were reported. The latter were composed of prostate glands divided into three distinct segments and bulbourethral glands. Results show that the male reproduction system of G. Microtarsus is anatomically similar to that of Didelphis sp. and other marsupials groups, with slight details such as the site of each organ.

Nationwide access to endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in portugal

Publisher Copyright: Copyright Ordem dos M dicos 2021.Introduction: Since the publication of endovascular treatment trials and European Stroke Guidelines, Portugal has re-organized stroke healthcare. The nine centers performing endovascular treatment are not equally distributed within the country, which may lead to differential access to endovascular treatment. Our main aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the main treatment metrics regarding endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal and its administrative districts. Material and Methods: A retrospective national multicentric cohort study was conducted, including all ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal over two years (July 2015 to June 2017). All endovascular treatment centers contributed to an anonymized database. Demographic, stroke-related and procedure-related variables were collected. Crude endovascular treatment rates were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants for mainland Portugal, and each district and endovascular treatment standardized ratios (indirect age-sex standardization) were also calculated. Patient time metrics were computed as the median time between stroke onset, first-door, and puncture. Results: A total of 1625 endovascular treatment procedures were registered. The endovascular treatment rate was 8.27/100 000 inhabitants/year. We found regional heterogeneity in endovascular treatment rates (1.58 to 16.53/100 000/year), with higher rates in districts closer to endovascular treatment centers. When analyzed by district, the median time from stroke onset to puncture ranged from 212 to 432 minutes, reflecting regional heterogeneity. Discussion: Overall endovascular treatment rates and procedural times in Portugal are comparable to other international registries. We found geographic heterogeneity, with lower endovascular treatment rates and longer onset-to-puncture time in southern and inner regions. Conclusion: The overall national rate of EVT in the first two years after the organization of EVT-capable centers is one of the highest among European countries, however, significant regional disparities were documented. Moreover, stroke-onset-to-first-door times and in-hospital procedural times in the EVT centers were comparable to those reported in the randomized controlled trials performed in high-volume tertiary hospitalspublishersversionpublishe

Acesso a Tratamento Endovascular para Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquémico em Portugal

Introduction: Since the publication of endovascular treatment trials and European Stroke Guidelines, Portugal has re-organized stroke healthcare. The nine centers performing endovascular treatment are not equally distributed within the country, which may lead to differential access to endovascular treatment. Our main aim was to perform a descriptive analysis of the main treatment metrics regarding endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal and its administrative districts. Material and Methods: A retrospective national multicentric cohort study was conducted, including all ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular treatment in mainland Portugal over two years (July 2015 to June 2017). All endovascular treatment centers contributed to an anonymized database. Demographic, stroke-related and procedure-related variables were collected. Crude endovascular treatment rates were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants for mainland Portugal, and each district and endovascular treatment standardized ratios (indirect age-sex standardization) were also calculated. Patient time metrics were computed as the median time between stroke onset, first-door, and puncture. Results: A total of 1625 endovascular treatment procedures were registered. The endovascular treatment rate was 8.27/100 000 inhabitants/year. We found regional heterogeneity in endovascular treatment rates (1.58 to 16.53/100 000/year), with higher rates in districts closer to endovascular treatment centers. When analyzed by district, the median time from stroke onset to puncture ranged from 212 to 432 minutes, reflecting regional heterogeneity. Conclusion: The overall national rate of EVT in the first two years after the organization of EVT-capable centers is one of the highest among European countries, however, significant regional disparities were documented. Moreover, stroke-onset-to-first-door times and in-hospital procedural times in the EVT centers were comparable to those reported in the randomized controlled trials performed in high-volume tertiary hospitals.Introdução: A aprovação do tratamento endovascular para o acidente vascular cerebral isquémico obrigou à reorganização dos cuidados de saúde em Portugal. Os nove centros que realizam tratamento endovascular não estão distribuídos equitativamente pelo território, o que poderá causar acesso diferencial a tratamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise descritiva da frequência e métricas temporais do tratamento endovascular em Portugal continental e seus distritos. Material e Métodos: Estudo de coorte nacional multicêntrico, incluindo todos os doentes com acidente vascular cerebral isquémico submetidos a tratamento endovascular em Portugal continental durante um período de dois anos (julho 2015 a junho 2017). Foram colhidos dados demográficos, relacionados com o acidente vascular cerebral e variáveis do procedimento. Taxas de tratamento endovascular brutas e ajustadas (ajuste indireto a idade e sexo) foram calculadas por 100 000 habitantes/ano para Portugal continental e cada distrito. Métricas de procedimento como tempo entre instalação, primeira porta e punção foram também analisadas. Resultados: Foram registados 1625 tratamentos endovasculares, indicando uma taxa bruta nacional de tratamento endovascular de 8,27/100 000 habitantes/ano. As taxas de tratamento endovascular entre distritos variaram entre 1,58 e 16,53/100 000/ano, com taxas mais elevadas nos distritos próximos a hospitais com tratamento endovascular. O tempo entre sintomas e punção femural entre distritos variou entre 212 e 432 minutos. Conclusão: Portugal continental apresenta uma taxa nacional de tratamento endovascular elevada, apresentando, contudo, assimetrias regionais no acesso. As métricas temporais foram comparáveis com as observadas nos ensaios clínicos piloto

Abordagens específicas da Terapia Ocupacional na Reabilitação após acidente vascular encefálico/Specifc approaches of Occupational Therapy in the rehabilitation after Stroke

ResumoAinda há carência por mais estudos qualificados que possibilitem o debate sobre limitações, benefícios e possíveis melhorias na conduta de Terapia Ocupacional na reabilitação. Objetivouse evidenciar a eficácia de abordagens específicas da Terapia Ocupacional baseadas no treino de Atividades Vida Diária, complementadas pela Cinesioatividade. Estudo quantitativo, caso único, paciente do sexo femino hemiparética à esquerda por isquemia encefálica. Os Procedimentos foram aprovados pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa com seres humanos através do parecer nº 1.337.714, comitê de ética em pesuisa do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Pará, e ocorreram ao longo de 20 sessões, duas vezes por semana, duração de 40 a 60 minutos por sessão. Avaliações em três tempos: admissão (1ª sessão), reavaliação (10ª sessão) e alta (20ª sessão). Testes físicos apontaram a resposta ao tratamento: percepção tátil (estesiômetro), grau de força muscular e amplitude articular de movimento. A Medida de Independência Funcional promoveu inferências sobre a recuperação de habilidades funcionais. Os dados gerados foram plotados no Programa Graph Pad, Prism – 6.0, análise de variância, pós-teste de Tukey, índice de significância: p 0,05. Gráficos em coluna (média ± desvio padrão). Os testes físicos conseguiram evidenciar ganhos importantes aos componentes de desempenho ocupacional como a percepção tátil, a força muscular e a ADM. Isso também representou recuperação de habilidades funcionais prejudicadas pelo AVE, validada pela medida de independência funcional. Conclui-se que a relevância na associação de diferentes abordagens e prática específica da Terapia Ocupacional promovem importantes ganhos físicos e funcionais no decorrer da reabilitação. Abstract There is still a lack of qualified studies that allow the debate on limitations, benefits and possible improvements in the conduct of Occupational Therapy in rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of specific approaches to Occupational Therapy based on activities of daily living, supplemented by kinesioactivity. Quantitative study, single case, female patient presenting left hemiparesis due to brain ischemia. Procedures approved by research ethics committee ICS-UFPA number 1.337.714, occurred over 20 sessions, twice a week, duration of 40 to 60 minutes per session. Three-time assessments: admission (1st session), re-evaluation (10th session) and discharge (20th session). Physical tests indicated the response to the treatment: tactile perception, degree of muscle strength and range of motion. The Functional Independence Measure promoted inferences about the recovery of functional abilities. The data generated were plotted in the Graph Pad Program, Prism - 6.0, Analysis of Variance, Tukey post - test, significance index: p 0.05. Column graphs. Physical tests were able to show important gains to occupational performance components such as tactile perception, muscle strength and range of motion. This also represented recovery of functional abilities impaired by the stroke, validated by Functional Independence Measure. The relevance of the association of different approaches and specific practice of Occupational Therapy promotes important physical and functional gains in the course of rehabilitation.Keywords: Activities of daily living; Kinesioactivity; Occupational Therapy; Rehabilitation; Stroke

Macroscopic study of the digestive tract of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Wagner, 1842) (Mammalia: Didelphidae)

Gracilinanus microtarsus is a small marsupial species belonging to the Didelphidae family. It has an omnivorous/frugivorous feeding habit and, therefore, it has a great ecological importance, because it is a seed-dispersing species. This article aims to describe the macroscopic morphology of the digestive tract in G. microtarsus. We used 4 animals fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The organs were dissected, measured, and photographed. The animals under study had the dental formula 2x I 5/4 C 1/1 P 3/3 M 4/4. This is the dental formula of the whole Didelphidae family. The dorsum of the tongue had vallate, fungiform, and filiform papillae. Tubular esophagus evidenced the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal portions. The unicavitary stomach consisted of glandular and aglandular region and gastric folds. Small intestine had 3 portions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Large intestine consisted of: cecum, colon, and rectum. Parotid salivary gland was the largest and it had a flattened shape. The sublingual salivary gland, whi h was the smallest, had a flattened and elongated shape. Mandibular salivary gland had an oval shape. Pancreas had a dispersed shape and lobulated aspect. Liver had a dome shape and it consisted of the lobes right medial, square, right side, left medial, left side, and caudate. The digestive tract of the animals under study is similar to the marsupial species described in the literature

Estudo macroscópico do aparelho digestório de Gracilinanus microtarsus (Wagner, 1842) (Mammalia: Didelphidae)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n1p109 Gracilinanus microtarsus é um pequeno marsupial pertencente à família Didelphidae. Possui hábito alimentar onívoro/frugívoro sendo, portanto, uma espécie de grande importância ecológica, por ser dispersora de sementes. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a morfologia macroscópica do aparelho digestório do G. microtarsus. Foram utilizados quatro animais fixados em formaldeído 10%. Os órgãos foram dissecados, mensurados e fotografados. Os animais estudados apresentaram a fórmula dentária 2x I 5/4 C1/1 P 3/3 M 4/4. Esta é a fórmula dentária de toda a família Didelphidae. O dorso da língua apresentou papilas valadas, fungiformes e filiformes. O esôfago tubular revelou as porções cervical, torácica e abdominal. O estômago monocavitário era composto por região glandular e aglandular e pregas gástricas. O intestino delgado apresentou três porções: duodeno, jejuno e íleo. O intestino grosso era composto por: ceco, cólon e reto. A glândula salivar parótida era a maior e apresentava formato achatado. A glândula salivar sublingual, que era a menor, apresentava formato achatado e alongado. A glândula salivar mandibular apresentava formato ovalado. O pâncreas apresentou forma dispersa e aspecto lobulado. O fígado apresentava formato de cúpula e era composto pelos lobos medial direito, quadrado, lateral direito, medial esquerdo, lateral esquerdo e caudado. O aparelho digestório dos animais estudados é semelhante ao de marsupiais descritos na literatura

Morphological study of the male genital organs of Gracilinanus microtarsus

Gracilinanus microtarsus is one of the smallest marsupials on earth. Since it spreads seeds, it has great ecological relevance. However, its reproduction data, especially those related to the anatomy of its reproduction apparatus, are scarce in the literature. Current analysis describes the male genital organs of six adult specimens of G. microtarsus. Macroscopic studies were undertaken on dissected organs, whereas histological studies were performed by inclusion technique in paraffin and by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. The male genital organs of G. microtarsus consist of a penis with bifid glans, two testicles within a pendular scrotum, placed cranially to the penis, featuring a histology consisting of seminiferous tubules with spermatogonic cells, spermatozoa and Sertoli cells, and a peritubular region with Leydig cells. Testicles are closely associated with epididymis with head, body and tail, with histological differences between the different regions. Deferent ducts, spermatic funicles and annexed glands were reported. The latter were composed of prostate glands divided into three distinct segments and bulbourethral glands. Results show that the male reproduction system of G. Microtarsus is anatomically similar to that of Didelphis sp. and other marsupials groups, with slight details such as the site of each organ

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally