An Interactive Visualization Web Application for Industrial-Focused Statistical Process Control Analysis

Statistical process control (SPC) implementation plays a major role in quality assurance during the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, the adoption rate of SPC commercial software solutions is unsatisfactory in most Malaysian manufacturing companies due to high software subscription costs and difficulties in applying the software without proper know-how, guidance, and training. This study proposes the development of a purpose-built interactive data visualization web application for rapid SPC analysis in the manufacturing industry using open-sourced software packages. An agile software development model is applied as the software development methodology. In the requirement phase, an interview session was conducted to identify project requirements among stakeholders, i.e. industrial practitioners that are involved with SPC analysis. Based on the feedback and expectations from stakeholders, a design of a web application for SPC analysis that incorporates interactive parameter settings and automated reporting was proposed. The web application was developed using the R programming language and the Shiny package library, and deployed at ShinyApps.io, a web service provider. For evaluation, a usability testing procedure was designed and conducted with five industrial SPC practitioners to determine the usefulness of the web application. The outcome of the usability testing indicated positive results and feedback from evaluators. In conclusion, the developed web-app can assist users, particularly from the manufacturing industry sectors, to perform fast SPC data analytics, visualization, and reporting with ease

Assessment of Teaching Practice Competency Among in-Service Teacher Degree Program (PPG) in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

The best teacher preparation programs emphasise subject matter mastery and provide many opportunities for preservice teachers to spend time in real classrooms under the supervision of an experienced mentor. Thus, teaching practice plays utmost important component of teacher training in order to produce a high quality of future teacher due to the lacking of opportunity or comfort level to work on their pedagogy knowledge while managing their first class. But this condition is slightly different for in-service teacher with diploma and upgrade to degree through the in-service teacher degree programme (PPG) path. PPG is conducted in 4 years using distance learning mode. In-service teachers will attend the courses during weekend and only five times face-to-face meeting with the lecturers. PPG aims to improve the quality of teaching and school management by increasing the teachers’ level of educational qualifications. However, issues were highlighted where teaching competency or performance among in-service teachers are varied during teaching practice observation. Due to their part-time mode of learning, there are concerns whether their performance is at par with their full time peers. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the assessment of teaching practice competency among the PPG students. This study was applied the Documentation analyses as the research design by using the Teaching Assessment Form of Faculty of Technical & Vocational Education, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Descriptive statistic using mean and standard deviation were used to analyses the collected data. The result showed that the competency of in-service teachers in teaching practicum in descending order is Personality>Portfolio> Implementation of Teaching> Lesson Planning> Implementation off Innovation> Justification of Innovation>Reflection. Results also showed that in-service teachers are good in affective (M=4.33, SD=0.48), follow by psychomotor (M=4.12, SD=0.47) and cognitive (M=3.99, SD=0.56). In conclusion, in-service teachers need training for innovation in teaching and emphasise in cognitive taxonomy.&nbsp

Discovering contextual tags from product review using semantic relatedness

In the design community, while a number of studies that have focused on studying product reviews in various design analysis perspectives, contextual annotation of identified terms (e.g. product features) has not been fully explored. This paper proposed a learnable approach towards discovering contextual tags from product reviews. A ranking algorithm, FacetRank, is proposed to rank important key terms along with an approach to discover contextual annotation of the terms from review documents. The evaluation of our proposal is performed using two annotated corpus to examine our algorithm’s contextual tagging performance. A case study using a small collection of laptop reviews is also reported to showcase how our algorithm can be applied towards product feature understanding and multi-faceted product ontology development. Finally, we conclude this paper with some indications for future work

Design and development of installer tool for file handle

This study discussed the tool installer's development process for File Handle to facilitate handle mounted on a file. This study aims to help the lab assistant who has trouble making the installation process for file handle where the files should have the installation neat and undamaged. Therefore, in this study, the Tools Installer File Handle study was developed to solve their problems in making the files' installation process handle more effectively. This is a product development study based on the ADDIE model with five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study involved laboratory assistants in the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education (FPTV) University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) in the mechanical field as experts in the final phase. The experts evaluated the functionality of the product. The expert evaluation and validation findings for Installer Tool File Handle show a high percentage of the suitability of the design and installation functions as a tool. In conclusion, this study proves that the product "Installer File Handle" is suitable for laboratory assistants to handle files' installation process and make the process more effective and reduce working time

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Penghasilan modul pembelajaran interaktif bagi pengautomatan industri

Kajian ini bertujuan menghasilkan suatu modul pembelajaran interakiif dalam benhlk CD - ROM yang menggunakan elemen multimedia dan mengkaji kesesllaian penggunaannya dalam mcmbantu pcmahaman pelajar. Mata pelajaran yang dikaji ialah Pengautomatan Industri dengan fokus diberikan terhadap Teknologi Pnelll11atik. Rekabentuk kajian yang digunakan dalam pcnyelidikan ini ialah kajian kuantitatiF. Prototaip produk yang dihasilkan disahkan terlebih dahulu oleh beberapa orang pakar isi kandungan dan pengajaran. Setelah pengesahan prod uk, kajian ditemskan dengan pengedaran produk dan soal selidik kepada 32 orang pelajar Diploma dalam bidang Kejumteraan Mekanikal yang sedang mengikuti kursus Pengautomatan Industri. Aspek - aspek yang dikaji bagi produk yang dihasilkan adalah isi kandllngan. strategi pengajaran, persembahan pengajaran serta penggl.lnaan perisian. Kesesuaian perlaksanaan modul pembelajaran ini sebagai bahan pembelajaran alternatifjuga dikaji. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa produk yang dihasilkan adalah mcncpati kriteria-kriteria yang dikchendaki dari pelbagai aspck yang dikaji scpcrti isi kandungan, strategi pengajaran, persembahan pengajaran serta penggunaan perisian. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah didapati sesuai l.Intuk digunakan sebagai bahan pembel<tiaran altematifyang membantu pembelajaran pneumatik dalam mala pelajaran Pengautomatan Indllstr