Source apportionment of PAH in middle Europe

Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá určováním zdrojů polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků (angl. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAH) na pozaďové lokalitě reprezentující region střední Evropy - Národní atmosférické observatoři Košetice (NAOK), resp. změnou ve složení zdrojů jednotlivých PAH hodnocenou v průběhu jedenácti let (od roku 2006 do roku 2016). K určování zdrojů PAH byly využity zejména vybrané vícerozměrné statistické metody, konkrétně metoda pozitivní maticové faktorizace (PMF), metoda podmíněné bivarietní pravděpodobnostní funkce (CBPF) a funkce potenciálního příspěvku zdroje (PSCF). V první části práce byl hodnocen průběh koncentrací čtyř vybraných PAH, a to benzo(a)pyrenu (BaP), floranthenu (FLA), SUMY všech PAH (SUMA) a toxického ekvivalentu (TEQ). Nejvyšší průměrné roční koncentrace těchto čtyř PAH byly detekovány na začátku hodnoceného období. Stanovený imisní limit pro BaP ale nebyl v průběhu hodnoceného období překročen. V průběhu koncentrací jednotlivých PAH ve sledovaném období byl detekován statisticky významný sestupný trend (pro BaP, TEQ a SUMU PAH). Ve druhé části práce byly identifikovány jednotlivé zdroje PAH. Z provedených analýz vyplynulo, že hodnocená lokalita je jednak významně ovlivněna lokálními topeništi, jednak dálkovým transportem ze západu, resp....The diploma thesis deals with the determination of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the changes in the PAH concentrations during the last 11 years, from 2006 to 2016. The data were sampled at National Atmospheric Observatory in Košetice, a representative station for the Central European Region. Multidimensional statistical methods as Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF), and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were used for data analyses. In the first part, the changes in concentrations of the four specific PAH, Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLA), the sums of all the PAH (SUMA), and the Toxical Equivalent (TEQ) was studied. The highest concentration of all four specific PAH was detected at the beginning of the studied period. The immission limit for BaP was not exceeded. Statistically significant decreasing trend for BaP, TEQ, and SUMA PAH was identified. Second part of the thesis studied the PAH source apportionment. The study proved that the station was strongly influenced by the local domestic heating on one hand, and long-distance transportation from the west, and specifically from the northwest on the other hand. The influence of long-distance transport has an increasing trend over time, vice-versa for the...Ústav pro životní prostředíInstitute for Environmental StudiesPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

European aerosol phenomenology - 8 : Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets

Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM1), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM1 levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) and 1 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013-2019. It includes 9 non-urban and 13 urban sites. This study developed a state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol to analyse long-term OA mass spectrum data by applying the most advanced source apportionment strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, and bootstrap). This harmonised protocol was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making the source apportionment results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification of the most common OA components such as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-like OA (COA), more oxidised-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and less oxidised-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA). Other components such as coal combustion OA (CCOA), solid fuel OA (SFOA: mainly mixture of coal and peat combustion), cigarette smoke OA (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part of the OA mass spectrum), coffee OA, and ship industry OA could also be separated at a few specific sites. Oxygenated OA (OOA) components make up most of the submicron OA mass (average = 71.1%, range from 43.7 to 100%). Solid fuel combustion-related OA components (i.e., BBOA, CCOA, and SFOA) are still considerable with in total 16.0% yearly contribution to the OA, yet mainly during winter months (21.4%). Overall, this comprehensive protocol works effectively across all sites governed by different sources and generates robust and consistent source apportionment results. Our work presents a comprehensive overview of OA sources in Europe with a unique combination of high time resolution (30-240 min) and long-term data coverage (9-36 months), providing essential information to improve/validate air quality, health impact, and climate models.Peer reviewe

Ambient organic aerosol origin at rural background site in the Czech Republic

Source apportionment of organic aerosols (OA) at background sites is one of the important tasks of the current air quality protection. OA are emitted directly from primary sources or formed in the atmosphere via the oxidation of gas-phase precursors with subsequent partitioning resulting in low-volatility products into the particle phase

Identification of Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Central Europe.

This study evaluates the trends and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) monitored at National atmospheric observatory Košetice (NAOK), a rural background site. In total, 14 PAH concentrations in particulate matter (PM10) between 2006 and 2016 were evaluated. The highest concentrations of all PAH were measured at the beginning of the study period, in 2006. The positive matrix factorization (EPA PMF 5.0) was used to determine the sources of PAH at NAOK, with three factors resolved. The probable origin areas of PMF factors were identified by Conditional Bivariate Probability Function method (CBPF) and Potential Source Contribution Function method (PSCF) methods. NAOK is affected by local sources of PAH, as well as by regional and long-range transport

Ambient Organic Aerosol Origin at Rural Background Site in the Czech Republic.

Atmospheric aerosol (AA) are ubiquitous particles in the atmosphere that influence Earth’s climatic system, environmental interactions,\nand human health. AA is emitted directly from primary sources or formed in the atmosphere via the oxidation of gas-phase precursors\nwith subsequent partitioning resulting in low-volatility products into the particle phase. Among AA, great interest is dedicated to organic\naerosol (OA) since it can represent from 20 to 90% of the total submicron mass

Assessment of air contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using passive sampling

Tato práce ukazuje možnosti využití pasivního vzorkování při sledování úrovně znečištění ovzduší vybranými látkami na dvou blízkých lokalitách. Jako sorpční médium byla při monitoringu polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků využita polyuretanová pěna. Díky skutečnosti, že pasivní vzorkovače ovzduší jsou levné, nenáročné na odbornou obsluhu a zároveň velmi jednoduché na provoz, (k jejich fungování není zapotřebí elektrická energie) staly se vhodným prostředkem pro sledování znečištění ovzduší na globální úrovni. Další část práce se věnuje výpočtům a studiu parametrů, které ovlivňují využitelnost metody diagnostických poměrů. Mezi tyto parametry patří například volba vhodného diagnostického poměru pro danou lokalitu nebo vývoj hodnot diagnostických poměrů v průběhu roku. Poměry jednotlivých perzistentních organických polutantů přítomných v ovzduší se staly více či méně vhodnou metodou používanou k určování zdrojů těchto látek v životním prostředí. Cílem této práce je také studium odchylek spojených s využitím techniky diagnostických poměrů (například rozdílné reaktivity vybraných zástupců polycyklických aromatických uhlovodíků přítomných v poměru).First part of the study is focused on the evaluation of possibility of usage of the passive air sampling by monitoring two locations nearby. Monitoring was done through the sorption medium of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polyurethane disc base. Key benefit of usage of the passive air sampling lies in the ease of installation, operations (i.e. not dependent on availability of the electricity) and technology is not demanding on resources. This enables passive air sampling for a global usage. Second part of the work is mainly studying and statistically comparing parameters influencing methodology of diagnostic ratios. Evaluation mainly studies selection of the right parameter for a specific location and development and changes of those throughout a year. Ratios of persistent organic pollutants became a standard methodology and is widely used to spot the sources of pollutants in the environment. Integral part of the evaluation is also measurement of variances due to given methodology. (i.e. different reactivity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their ratio.).Fakulta chemicko-technologickáPosluchač seznámil komisi s obsahem své bakalářské práce a následně zodpověděl dotazy členů komise. Extrakce uretanové pěny. Doba vzorkování. Závěr z hlediska budoucího vývoje pro dosažení nižších hodnot míry kontaminace. Kotlíkové dotace versus plynofikace

Chemical composition and sources of atmospheric aerosols at the Frýdlant background station

This study assesses the variability of organic aerosol (OA) sources monitored at the rural background site Frýdlant. Non-refractory PM1 was evaluated in two seasons of\n2021. The positive matrix factorization with the multi-linear engine was used to determine the sources of OA at Frýdlant site, with four factors resolved both in winter and\nsummer

Supervisory service on OOP PČR natch influence over personality policeman

Práce je zaměřena na přestavení základní služby u Policie ČR a to Dozorčí služby na Obvodních odděleních Policie ČR s uvedením charakteristických znaků, které tato služba v sobě skrývá, rovněž budou uvedeny nejdůležitější služební požadavky na policisty sloužící na {\clqq}dozorčí službě``. V práci je popsáno na základě osobních zkušeností policisty s užitím příkladů z praxe jakým způsobem služba na základních útvarech policie ovlivňuje a působí na osobnost zde sloužících policistů

Source apportionment of PAH in middle Europe

The diploma thesis deals with the determination of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the changes in the PAH concentrations during the last 11 years, from 2006 to 2016. The data were sampled at National Atmospheric Observatory in Košetice, a representative station for the Central European Region. Multidimensional statistical methods as Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF), and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were used for data analyses. In the first part, the changes in concentrations of the four specific PAH, Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLA), the sums of all the PAH (SUMA), and the Toxical Equivalent (TEQ) was studied. The highest concentration of all four specific PAH was detected at the beginning of the studied period. The immission limit for BaP was not exceeded. Statistically significant decreasing trend for BaP, TEQ, and SUMA PAH was identified. Second part of the thesis studied the PAH source apportionment. The study proved that the station was strongly influenced by the local domestic heating on one hand, and long-distance transportation from the west, and specifically from the northwest on the other hand. The influence of long-distance transport has an increasing trend over time, vice-versa for the..

European aerosol phenomenology − 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets

Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM1), and comprehensive knowledge of OA sources across Europe is crucial to mitigate PM1 levels. Europe has a well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) and 1 aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013–2019. It includes 9 non-urban and 13 urban sites. This study developed a state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol to analyse long-term OA mass spectrum data by applying the most advanced source apportionment strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, and bootstrap). This harmonised protocol was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making the source apportionment results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification of the most common OA components such as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-like OA (COA), more oxidised-oxygenated OA (MO-OOA), and less oxidised-oxygenated OA (LO-OOA). Other components such as coal combustion OA (CCOA), solid fuel OA (SFOA: mainly mixture of coal and peat combustion), cigarette smoke OA (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part of the OA mass spectrum), coffee OA, and ship industry OA could also be separated at a few specific sites. Oxygenated OA (OOA) components make up most of the submicron OA mass (average = 71.1%, range from 43.7 to 100%). Solid fuel combustion-related OA components (i.e., BBOA, CCOA, and SFOA) are still considerable with in total 16.0% yearly contribution to the OA, yet mainly during winter months (21.4%). Overall, this comprehensive protocol works effectively across all sites governed by different sources and generates robust and consistent source apportionment results. Our work presents a comprehensive overview of OA sources in Europe with a unique combination of high time resolution (30–240 min) and long-term data coverage (9–36 months), providing essential information to improve/validate air quality, health impact, and climate models